ÇEVRESEL FAKTÖRLERİN MEKAN KALİTESİ VE İNSAN SAĞLIĞINA ETKİLERİ

Year 2018, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 67 - 78, 01.01.2018

Rana Kutlu

https://doi.org/10.7456/10801100/007

Cited By: 10

Abstract

Yapma çevre insan
sağlığını farklı şekillerde etkilemektedir. Tasarımın stres yaratan potansiyele
sahip olması, tasarımcıların sağlıklı çevrelerin oluşturulmasında daha bilinçli
ve sorumlu davranmaları gerekliliğini beraberinde getirmektedir. Yapma çevrede
konfor koşullarının kullanıcı memnuniyeti açısından gerçekleştirilmesi mekanın
niteliği yani kalitesi açısından son derece önemlidir. Yapma çevrenin;
planlama, gürültü, iç hava kalitesi, aydınlatma-renk karakteristiklerinin
zihinsel (mental) olarak insan sağlığına etkileri olmakla birlikte; tüm bu
etkenler kişinin psikososyal süreçteki iletişim becerilerini ve davranışlarını
da etkileyerek kişisel kontrol, sosyalleşme açılarından zihinsel (mental)
sağlık üzerinde etkili olabilmektedir. İnsanoğlu zamanının çoğunu kapalı yapma
çevrelerde yani fiziki mekan içerisinde geçirmektedir. Bu nedenledir ki mekan
tasarımında; planlama, akustik, iç hava koşulları, aydınlatma-renk
faktörlerinin insanların duygu ve davranışları; fiziksel, psikolojik ve
zihinsel (mental)  sağlığı üzerindeki
etkilerinin araştırılması büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışma;  planlama, akustik, iç hava koşulları,
aydınlatma-renk olarak kategorize edilen bu dört çevresel faktörün mekan
kalitesi ve insan sağlığını nasıl etkilediği üzerine kapsamlı literatür
araştırmasına dayanan bir derleme çalışmasıdır.

Keywords

Fiziksel Çevre Faktörleri, Konfor Koşulları, İnsan Sağlığı, Mekan Kalitesi

References

• Abbott-Chapman,J.(2006). Timeout-in'greenretreats'&adolescentwellbeing.Youth Studies Australia,25(4), 9-16.
• Aiello,J., (1987) Human spatial behavior, ın D. Stokols&I.Altman, Eds., Handbook of environmental psychology, New York: Wiley, 385-504
• Archea,J., (1977) The place of architectural factors in behavioral theories of privacy, Journal of Social Issues:33, 116-137
• ASHRAE Standard 55-1992 rev, 2003. Thermal Environment Conditions For Human Occupancy
• Baum, A., &Paulus, P.B., (1987) Crowding, ın D.Stokols&I.Altman, Eds.,Handbook of environmental psychology, New York: Wiley, 534-570
• Bell, I.R., Baldwin, C.M., Schottenfeld, R.S., (2001) Psychological sequelae of hazardous materials exposur: In: Sullivan JB,Krieger GR, eds. Clinical environmental health and toxic exposures 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott. Williams and Wilkins; 404-412
• Berrlyne, D.E.,( 1974) Aesthetics and Psychology, New York: Appleton, Century Crafts
• Birren, F., (1988) Lighting, colour and environment, Pennsylvania: van nostrand congress cataloge
• Bommel,Van W., (2005) CIE and the way of putting “lighting and health”into daily practice. 10th Europe in lighting conference, Berlin, 25-36
• Browman, L.G., (1937) Light in its relation to activity and estrous rhythms rat, Journal of experimental zoology;75: 375-388
• Day, K., Calkins,M.P., ( 2002) Design and dementia, Inbetchel RB, Churchman, A. Eds. Handbook of environmental psychology, 2nde ed. New York: Wiley:374-393
• Evans, GW.,Lepore, SJ., Schroeder, A., (1996) The role of architecture in human responses to crowding, J.Pers. Soc. Psychol, 70:41-46
• Evans, GW.,Lercher, P., Kofler, W., (2002) Crowding and children’s mental health:the role of house type. J. Environ Psychol., 22: 221-232
• Evans, GW., (2001) Environmental stres and health. In Baum A, Revenson T., Singer J.E., eds. Handbook of health psychology, Mahwah, NJ:Erlbaum:571-610
• Fanger, P., O., (1970), Thermal comfort: Analysis and applications in environmental engineering, Danish Technical Press, 244 pages
• Fleischer,S.,Krueger, H., Schierz, C.,( 2001), Effects of brightness distribution and light colors on Office staff, Lux Europa, 9th European lighting conference, Reykajavik:76-80
• Fleming, I.,Baum, A.,Weiss,L., (1987) Social density and perceived control as mediators of crowding stres in high demsity neighborhoods. J Pers Soc Psychol; 52: 899-906
• Gomez-Jacinto, L., Hombrados-Mendieta, I., (2002) Multiple effects of community and house-hold crowding, J.Environ Psychol. 22:223-246
• Grimley, C., Love, M., (2007) Color space style, Rockport publishers, Massachusetts
• Hassan, R., (1976) Social and psychological implications of high density housing. Am. Social Rev., 36:18-29
• Holahan, C.J., (1972) Seating patterns and patient behaviors in an experimental dayroom, Journal of Abnorm Psychol; 80:115-124
• Ittelson, W.H., Proshansky, H.M., Rivlin L.G., (1970)The environmental Psychology of the psychiatric ward, In: Proshansky HM, Ittelson HM, Rivlin LG, eds. Environmental Psychology, New York, NY: Holt, Reinhart and Winston; 1970:419-438
• Kaiser, S. (1997). The social psychology of clothing: symbolic appearances in context, New York: Fairchild., 36 Kalia, S., (2013) Color and its effects in interior environment: a review ınternational journal of advanced research in science and technology, vol:2, ıssue.2, 106-109
• Maxwell, LE.,(1996) Multiple effects of home and day care crowding, Env. Beh., 28:494-511
• Mehrabian, A., Russell, J., (1974), An Approach to Environmental Psychology, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
• Mitchell, RE., (1971) Some social implications of high density housing, Am. Social Rew, 36:18-29
• Navai M, Veitch JA. (2003) Acoustic satisfaction in open-plan offices: review and recommendations.
• Nasar, JL., Fischer, B.,(1993) Hot spots of fear and crime: a multi-method investigation, J. Environ Psychol. 13:187-206
• Needleman, H.L., Gunnoe, C., Leviton, A. v.d.,(1979) Deficits in psychological and classroom performance of children with elevated dentine lead levels, N. Engl. J. Med: 300; 689-695
• O’connor, Z., (2011)Colour psychology and colour therapy: Caveat emptor, Colr research & Application, 36(3), 229-234
• Özbalta, T., Çakmanus, İ., (2008), Binalarda Sürdürülebilirlik: Ömür boyu maliyete ilişkin yaklaşımlar, Doğa Sektörel Yayınları, İstanbul.
• Özdemir, T., (2005) Tasarımda renk seçimini etkileyen kriterler, Ç.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Adana, Cilt 14, sayı 2, 391-402
• Peponis, J., Wineman, J., (2002) Spatial structure of environmetand behavior, In:Betchel RB, Chırchman A, eds.Handbook of Environmental Psychology, 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 271-291
• Rea, M.S., (2002) Light much more than vision, Proceedings of light and human health: EPRI/LRO, 5th International lighting symposium, Palo Alto, 1-15
• Rodin, J., (1976) Density, perceived choice and response to controllable and uncontrollable outcomes. J Exp Soc Psychol;12: 564-578
• Pile, J., (1997) Colour in interior design, New York: Mc Graw Hill
• Ruback, RB., Pandey, J., (1992)Very hot and really crowded, Env Beh., 24:527-554
• Russell, S,. (2008) The architecture of light : Architectural lighting Design Concepts and Technıques. Cononceptnine media, California
• Sanders, M.S., Mccormick, E.J., (1993). Human factors in engineering and design (7th ed.). New York: McGrraw-Hill Book Company.
• Staricoff,R., Loppert, S., (2003) Integrating the arts into healthcare=Can we affect clinical outcomes?:63-79
• Sommer, R., (1969) Personal Space; Englewood Cliffs, NJ=Prentice Hall
• Taylor, RB., (2002) Crime prevention through environmental design, In:Betchel RB, Churchman A., eds. Handbook of environmental psychology, 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 413-426
• Taylor, S. E. & Brown, J. D. (1988). Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health.( Psychological Bulletin, 103, 193—210.)
• Timko, C., (1996) Physical characteristic of residential psychiatric and substance abuse programs: organizational determinants and patient outcomes. American Journal Community Psychol; 24:173-192
• Van Wagner, K., (2009) Color psychology: How colours impact moods, feelings and behaviors, Psychology vol 2009 Vodvarka , F., (2008) Aspect of colour
• Wohlwill, J.F., (1974) Human response to levels of environmental stimulation, Human Ecology, 2:127-147
• Zalejska-Jonsson A., Wilhelmsson M., (2013) Impact of perceived indoor environment quality on overall satisfaction in Swedish dwellings. Build. Environ. ;63:134–144. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.02.005
• Zöngür, O., (2008), İç mekan tasarımında biçim ve anlam üzerine kavramsal bir inceleme/Post modern tasarım yaklaşımları ve Philippe Starck, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara