FROM INDUSTRY TO CULTURE: REGENERATION of GOLDEN HORN AS A “CULTURAL VALLEY”

Year 2019, Volume: 9 Issue: 4, 491 - 513, 01.10.2019

Ceyda Bakbaşa Bosson Evrim Töre

Abstract

The image shifts from industrial identity to cultural identity
since 1980s in Golden Horn, one of Istanbul’s former industrial areas, encompassed
cultural policies and urban regeneration processes in the area. This study discusses
the positions of public and private sector investments in the region during the
process of creating "The Golden Horn Cultural Valley" and reveals the
policies that managed this regeneration. The research uses a multi-dimensional method
considering both qualitative and quantitative data throughout economics, politics/urban
cultural policies, society, culture and space. With respect to the projects, the
authors highlight three main outcomes: (1) processes vary according to the actors,
(2) lack of integrated vision and (3) disconnected cultural visibility.

Keywords

post-industrial space, entrepreneurialism, Golden Horn, , culture-led regeneration, urban policies

References

• Ahunbay, Z. (2011). Kentsel Korumada Temel İlkeler ve Fener-Balat, mimar.ist, vol:42, Istanbul, p:85
• Aksoy, A., Açıkbaş F. and Akman A. (2007). “Silahtarağa Elektrik Santralinin Hikayesi” Silahtarağa Elektrik Santrali 1910-2004 Asu Aksoy (ed), İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul. Arolat, E., Bilgin İ., Sayın N. and Tümertekin Han (2007). “Santralistanbul”, Yapı Dergisi, vol:313, Istanbul, p:52-70.
• Aydemir, I. (2008). “İki Fransız Mimar Henri Prost ve August Perret’nin İstanbul ile ilgili Çalışmaları”, Megaron YTU Arch. Fac E-Journal, vol:3, Issue 1, Istanbul, p:104-111.
• Bakbasa, C. (2010). Istanbul’da Müzeler Sektörel Araştırma Raporu: Temel Yapısal Özellikler, Fırsatlar ve Tehtidler, Politika Önerileri, Türkiye Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, accessible at www.istanbulkulturenvanteri.gov.tr [access date: 12 June 2011]
• Behar, D. (2002). Les universités privées d’Istanbul, Les Dossier de l’IFEA, no: 10, Institut Français des Etudes Anatoliennes, Istanbul, accessible at www.ifea-istanbul.net/dossiers_ifea/Bulten_10.pdf, [accessed date on 06 July 2010]
• Baştürk, A., Mete B. and Altun L. (2001). “İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Haliç Dönüşüm Projeleri”, Haliç 2001 Sempozyumu Kitabı, Istanbul, p:36-63.
• Bezmez, D.(2008). “The Politics of Urban Waterfront Regeneration: The Case of Haliç (the Golden Horn), Istanbul”, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, vol:32, issue:4, p:815-840. Beyoğlu Municipality (1990-2010), Real Estate Values, https://webserver.beyoglu.bel.tr/web/guest/5, [accessed date on 23 September 2012]
• Bilsel, C. (2011). “Les Transformations d’Istanbul: Henri Prost’s planning of Istanbul (1936-1951)”, ITU A|Z, vol: 8, no:1, Istanbul, p:100-116.
• Bilsel, C. (2007). “Remodelling the Imperial Capital in the Early Republican Era: the Representation of History in Henri Prost’s Planning of Istanbul”, Power and culture: identity, ideology, representation Osmond J. and Cimdiņa A. (ed) , Pisa : Plus-Pisa University Press, Pisa, p: 95-115.
• Bourdieu, P. and Wacquant L.J. (1992). Réponses, pour une Antropologie Réflexive, Seuil Publication, Paris
• Bourdieu, P. (1994), Raisons Pratiques sur la théorie de l’Action, Seuil Publication, Paris.
• Candelier, C.M. and Montabone, B. (2009). “Istanbul, une internationalisation forcée ?”, EchoGéo (online), vif 2009, accecible at http://echogeo.revues.org/11523, [accessed on 09 December 2010]
• Cengizkan, A. and Köksal, G. T. (2004). “Silahtarağa-Bir Endüstri Arkeolojisi Anıtı”, Arradamento Mimarlık Dergisi, July-August, p: 69-82.
• Cengizkan, A. (2006). “Istanbul Silahtarağa Elektrik Santrali Türkiye’de Fabrika ve İşçi Konutları”, dosya 3, The Chamber of Architects in Ankara, no:45, Ankara, p:14-18, accessible at http://www.mimarlarodasiankara.org/dosya/dosya3.pdf, [accessed on 01 August 2008].
• Clark, C. E. (1974). “The Ottoman Industrial Revolution”, International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol: 5, No. 1, pp. 65-76.
• DCMS (2004). "Culture at the Heart of Regeneration", London: Department for Culture, Media and Sport, http://www.culture.gov.uk/images/consultations/DCMSCulture.pdf, [accessed in August 2005].
• Demir, G. and Gamm, N. (2007). Silahtarağa Santral becomes Santralistanbul Museum, Hürriyet Daily News, accessible at http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/default.aspx?pageid=438&n=silahtaraga-santral-becomes-santralistanbul-museum-2007-09-08 [accessed on August 2009].
• Dinçer, I. (2009). “Kentsel Koruma ve Yenileme Sorunlarını Örnekler Üzerinden Tartışmak: Süleymaniye ve Tarlabaşı”, Planlama.org (online), accessible at http://www.planlama.org/new/doc.-dr.-iclal-dincer/kentsel-koruma-ve-yenileme-sorunlarini-ornekler-uzerinden-tartismak-suleymaniye-ve-tarlabasi.html, [accessed on 17 September 2010]
• Dinçer, I. (2010). “The Dilemma Of Cultural Heritage – Urban Renewal: Istanbul, Süleymaniye and Fener-Balat”, paper presented in 14th IPHS Conference, 12-15 July 2010 Istanbul.
• Dölen, E. (1994), “Feshane”, Dünden Bugüne İstanbul Ansiklopedisi, vol:3, Türkiye Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfı, İstanbul, p: 297–298.
• Ekinci, O. (1994), İstanbul’u Sarsan On Yıl, Anahtar Kitaplar Yayınları, Istanbul.
• Ercan, A. M. (2010). “How to Achieve Sustainable Conservation in The Historic Housing Neighbourhoods Of Istanbul?” Paper presented in 14th IPHS Conference, 12-15 July 2010 Istanbul.
• Erden, D. (2003). Kentsel Yenileşmede Bir Araç Olarak Dönüşüm Projeleri, Mimar Sinan University, Urban and Regional Planning Department, unpublished PhD thesis, Istanbul.
• Erden, D. (2009). Haliç'te Dönüşüm ve Tarihsel Süreklilik, conference paper at Osmanlı Bankası Arşiv ve Araştırma Merkezi, Istanbul
• Eroğlu V., Sarıkaya H., Öztürk İ., Yüksel E. and Eryılmaz G. (2004). “Haliç'in Dünü, Bugünü ve Yeniden Doğuşu”, Dünü ve Bugünü ile Haliç Sempozyum Bildirileri Göncüoğlu S. F. (ed), Kadir Has University, Istanbul, p:12-20.
• Ethem, Ç. (2009). 69 yıllık emek göründü, Birgün Gazetesi – 24 April 2009 accessible at http://www.birgun.net/life_index.php?news_code=1240562187&year=2009&month=04&day=24[accessed on 17 September 2010]
• Evans G. (2005a). “From cultural quarters to creative clusters – creative spaces in the new city economy”, The sustainability and development of cultural quarters: international perspectives, Legner, M (ed.), Stockholm: Institute of Urban History, p:32-59.
• Evans, G. (2005b). "Measure for Measure: Evaluating the Evidence of Culture’s Contribution to Regeneration", Urban Studies, 01, p:959–983, http://www.scholars-on-bilbao.info/fichas/16EvansUS2005.pdf, [accessed in February 2006].
• Evans, G. and Shaw, P. (2004). "The Contribution of Culture to Regeneration in the UK: A Review of Evidence, a Report to the Department for Culture Media and Sport" London: LondonMet., http://www.culture.gov.uk/images/consultations/ADCMSFinal1.pdf, [accessed in February 2006].
• Eyice, S. (2002). “İstanbul’un İmar Planı Raporları”, İstanbul Dergisi, no:43, Tarih Vakfı Yayınları, Istanbul, p:20-24.
• Eyüp Land Use Plan 1/5000 (2003). Municipality of Eyüp. Fatih District Municipality Annual Report (2009). accessible at http://www.fatih.bel.tr/bpi.asp?caid=403&cid=543, [accessed on 2 March 2011]
• Fatih District Municipality (1990-2010). Real Estate Values, complied through https://ebelediye.fatih.bel.tr/alfa/servlet/hariciprogramlar.online.rayic?caid=1449 [accessed on 2 March 2011] Foundation for the Support of Women’s Work (FSWW) (2004). Fener-Balat Districts Survey Report, Istanbul.
• Garcia, B. (2004). “Cultural Policy and urban regeneration in western european cities”, Local Economy, Vol.19, No.4, p:312–326.
• Garcia, B. (2005). “Deconstructing the City of Culture : The Long-term Cultural Legacies of Glasgow 1990”, Urban Studies, Vol. 42, Nos 5/6, p:841–868.
• Grouiller, J. (2005). La reconversion de la centrale électrique Silahtaraga. Analyse d’une opération de reconversion de friche industrielle urbaine au travers de ses références et des acteurs impliqués, unpublished Urban Planing Master thesis, Université Paris 8, Paris.
• Gümüş, K. (2002). Dev kültür merkezi 'hayaleti', Radikal Gazetesi-26.06.2002 (http://213.243.16.14/haber.php?haberno=41596) [accessed on 6 March 2009]
• Gümüş, K. (2011). Haliç Nezihleştirmeye Direniyor, in “Haliç’teki Dönüşüm Süreci Üzerine Görüşler”, mimar,ist, vol:42, Istanbul, p:63-65.
• Günay, Z. and Dökmeci, V. (2011). “Culture-led regeneration of Istanbul waterfront: Golden Horn Cultural Valley Project”, J.Cities, vol: 29, issue 4, p:213–222.
• Güler, A.S. (1999). "Sanayi Devrimi, Osmanlı Sanayi Mimarisi ve Feshane Üzerine Bir Ön Değerlendirme," in Essays in Honour of Aptullah Kuran Çiğdem Kafesçioğlu, Lucienne Thys- Şenocak, and Günhan Danışman (ed), Yapı Kredi Publication, p:387-399.
• Hetherington, K. (2008). “The Time of the Entrepreneurial City: Museum, Heritage and Kairos”, in Consuming The Entrepreneurial City Image, Memory, Spectacle, Cronin, A. M. and Hetherington, K. (eds.), New York: Taylor & Francis, p:273–294.
• İbişoğlu, S. V. (1991). Lengerhane Restorasyon Projesi, Istanbul Technical University, Department of Architecture, unpublished master thesis, Istanbul.
• Kayserilioğlu, R.S. (1999). Dersaadet’ten İstanbul’a Tramway, vol:2, İETT Yayınları, İstanbul. Kara, H.F.E. (1994). “Silahtarağa”, Dünden Bugüne İstanbul Ansiklopedisi, vol:7, Türkiye Ekonomi ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfı, İstanbul, p: 554-556.
• Karaman, F. (2012). Fotoğraflı Bir “Sürgün”, Birgün Gazetesi, 18 Şubat 2012, accessible at http://bianet.org/biamag/diger/136257-fotografli-bir-surgun, [accessed on 3 March 2012]. KEA (2006). “The Economy Of Culture in Europe”, EC Study, European Commission, Directorate- General for Education and Culture, Brussels.
• Keleş, R. (2003). “Urban Regeneration in İstanbul”, paper for Priority Action Programme, Regional Activity Center, Split. Keyder, Ç. and Öncü, A. (1993). “İstanbul Yol Ayırımında”, İstanbul Dergisi, no: 7, Tarih Vakfı Yayınları, Istanbul, p: 28-35.
• Keyder, Ç. (2000). “Arka Plan”, İstanbul Küresel ile Yerel Arasında Keyder Ç. (ed), Metis Yayınları, p:9-40.
• Kılıç, A. and Yenen, Z. (2001). “Haliç için Bir Planlama Modeli Önerisi”, Haliç 2001 Sempozyumu Kitabı, Istanbul, p:64-77.
• Köksal, G. T. (1996). Haliç Tersaneleri’nin Tarihsel-Teknolojik Gelişim Süreci ve Koruma Önerileri, Istanbul Technical University, Department of Architecture, unpublished master thesis, Istanbul.
• Köksal, G. T. (2004), “Haliç Tersaneleri‘nin Tarihsel-Teknolojik Gelişimi Süreci ve Geleceği”, Dünü ve Bugünü ile Haliç Sempozyumu, 21-23 May 2003 Istanbul, Kadir Has Universitesi Yayınları, pp: 411 – 420.
• Köksal, G. T. and Kargın, H. H. (2003). “Haliç’teki endüstri mirasının geçmişi ve geleceği”, Dünü ve Bugünü ile Haliç Sempozyum Bildirileri, Kadir Has Üniversitesi, p: 431-443.
• Köksal, G. T. and Ahunbay, Z. (2006). “Istanbul’daki endüstri mirası için koruma ve yeniden kullanım önerileri”, itüdergisi/a mimarlık, planlama, tasarım, vol:5, no:2, part:2, Istanbul, p:125-136.
• Kunzmann, K.R. (2004). “Culture, creativity and spatial planning”, TPR, 75(3), 337–358.
• Küçükerman, Ö. (1988). Türkiye Giyim Sanayii Tarihindeki Ünlü Fabrika, Sümerbank Yayınları, Ankara
• Landry, C. (2006). The Art of City Making, Earthscan, London and Sterling.
• Munyar, V. (1990). Feshane Projesi Kaldı, Milliyet Gazetesi, 22 June 1990, Istanbul, p:5
• Müller-Wiener, W. (1992). “15-19 yüzyılları arasında İstanbul'da İmalathane ve Fabrikalar” Osmanlılar ve Batı Teknolojisi Yeni Araştırmalar Yeni Görüşler içinde (ed.) Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu, Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi İstanbul, p:53-120.
• Öktem, B. (2006). “Neoliberal Küreselleșmenin Kentlerde İnșası: AKP’nin Küresel Kent Söylemi ve İstanbul’un Kentsel Dönüșüm Projeleri”, Planlama Dergisi, Journal of the Chamber of City Planners no:36, Ankara, p:43-63.
• Öktem, B. (2011). “Istanbul’da Neoliberal Kentleşme Modelinin Sosyo-Mekansal Izdüşümleri”, İ.Ü. Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, no:44, p:23-40
• Paşaoğlu, A. (2007). “Bilgi”nin Çekim Merkezi, an interview with Ihsan Bilgin, Yenimimar, no:53, eylül 2007
• Roche, M. (1994). “Mega events and urban policy”, Annals of Tourism Research, vol:21, issue:1 pp. 1–19.
• Salman Y, (1994). “Sütlüce Mezbahası”, Dünden Bugüne İstanbul ansiklopedisi, vol: 7, Tarih Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfı,p: 119-121. Stoquart, R. and Yérasimos, S. (1998), Projet de réhabilitation des quartiers de Balat et de Fener, Fatih Municipality, European Union and UNESCO.
• Suhen, H. (1994). “Planlama”, Dünden Bugüne İstanbul Ansiklopedisi, vol:6, Türkiye Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfı, Istanbul, p: 265-275.
• Şeni, N. (2009). “Le mécène, un acteur méconnu de la ville”, Transcontinentales, No:7, accessible at www.transcontinentales.revues.org/374, [accessed on 09 July 2011]
• Şentürk, O. (2010). Gayrimenkulde yeni trend Sütlüce, Hürriyet Gazetesi, 16 April 2010 accessible at http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/14431261.asp [accessed on 15 March 2011]
• Tekeli, İ. (2001). “Dünya Kenti Olma Süreci İçinde Akımlar Mekanını Yeniden Biçimlendiren İstanbul”, İstanbul Dergisi, no:37, Tarih Vakfı Yayınları, p:88-93.
• Teske, D. (2006). “Sites And Sights: The Urban Museum in a Changing Urban Structure”, European Studies, 23, p: 259-274.
• Türeli, İ. (2006). “Modeling Citizenship in Turkey’s Miniature Park”, TDSR, vol: 17, no:2, p:66-70
• UNCTAD (2008). “Creative Economy Report 2008, The Challenge of Assessing the Creative Economy : towards Informed Policy-making”, United Nations.
• UNCTAD (2010). “Creative Economy : A Feasible Development Option”, United Nations.
• Yapıcı, M. (2005). “Gündemdeki Planlar/Projeler Kent: İstanbul”, Mimarlık Dergisi, no: 322, Istanbul, p:22-25.
• Yılmaz, S.., Uysal, Ş. (2007). “MiniaTurk: Culture, History and Memory in Turkey in Post-1980s”, NaMu, Making National Museums Program, Setting the Frames, Aronsson, P. and Hillström, M. (eds), 26–28 February, Norrköping, p:115-125.
• Yücetürk, E. (2001). Haliç Silüetinin Oluşum – Değişim Süreci, Haliç Belediyeler Birliği, Istanbul. URL-1, (2012) http://www.santralistanbul.org/ [accessed on 10 October 2012] URL-2, (2011) http://envanter.gov.tr/ [accessed on 21 August 2011] URL-3, (2011) miniaturk.com.tr [accessed on 31 October 2011] URL-4. (2011) www.fenerbalat.org [accessed on 31 August 2011] URL-5, (2011) http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/mar/01/istanbul-city-urban-renewal [accessed on 11 December 2011] URL-6, (2011) www.calik.com [accessed on 21 August 2011]
• Interviews Anıl Sarıcan Delibay, urban planner in Eyüp Municipality, on October 17th , 2011 Davut Akdeniz, director of the Süleymaniye renewal project in Fatih Municipality, on November 15th, 2011 Ersin Alkan, journalist, on December 20th, 2011 Ferda Karakaya, director of the Fener Balat renewal project in Fatih Municipality, on November 15th, 2011 Ferhan Yeltırak, citizen living in Hasköy, on February 4th, 2011 Hasan Işın, event coordinator of Kültür A.Ş, on May 28th, 2010 İbrahim Güntekin, director of Febayder association, on December 20th, 2011 İbrahim Sayfi, owner of the restaurant Lale Lokantası on February 4 th, 2011 İrfan Pulcu, designer based in Fener district, on December 21 st, 2011 Levent Çalıkoğlu, curator of Istanbul Modern, on July 16th, 2010 Murat Karakaya, hairdresser working and living in Hasköy on February 4th, 2011 Mustafa Çiftçi, deputy manager of Fatih Municipality, on November 15th, 2011 Recep Savaş, inhabitant in Balat district, on December 21st, 2011 Selçuk Kolay, ex-manager of Rahmi Koç Museum, on February 1st, 2011 Selen İşyar, manager of marketing and public relation of Rahmi Koç Museum, on February 3rd ,2011 Serhan Ada, coordinator of the cultural management programme in Bilgi University, on November 16th, 2011 Sinan Atabey, owner of a real estate agency, on February 4th, 2011 Süleyman Kul, owner of drycleaning shop on February 4th, 2011 Şuayip Korkmaz, ex-director of Planning Department of Beyoğlu Municipality, on September 14th, 2011 Yeşim Anadol Zengin, collection manager of Rahmi Koç Museum, on February 3rd, 2011