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A READING ON THE "ORIGINAL-COPY" AND THE PHENOMENON OF ORIGIN IN DECONSTRUCTIVE MANIFESTOS OF ARCHITECTURE

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 1172 - 1189, 01.07.2021

Abstract

The birth of the manifesto in history has been related and concurrent with the spread of print media, the emergence of the concept of authorship and the semantic transformations of the words "original" and "copy". Today, while the architectural manifesto transforms in line with the new media tools, the concepts of “originality” and “origin” have also underwent a simultaneous transformation in the context of new authorship phenomena. As an extension of these changes, "original copy" is a neologism, or as Derrida will use it, a "neographism". The "neologisms" brought to the language by architectural manifestos are compressed lexical units loaded with meanings representing the main idea.
In this article, it is aimed to deconstruct the word "original copy" through the exemplary discourses of deconstructive architectural manifestos that stand against the tradition of architecture.
Within the scope of the study, it has been investigated how the constructions of the meanings of originality are achieved in manifestos, which are defined as discourses that have directly assumed the task of attributing an originality, and it is focused on how deconstructive manifestos express their opposition to this act of construction in their discourse. In this sense, the terms and neologisms they use are emphasized. In the construction or deconstruction of transcendental meanings such as originality in the context of architecture, the meaningful effects of neologisms and media are put into the focus of the study. From this point of view, it has been discussed how an undecided neographism, such as "original copy", incorporates itself into meaning in manifesto discourses intertwined with today's media tools, over the example of “Open Source Architecture” Manifesto.

References

  • Akcan E. (2006). Metafiziğin Kalesi Hakkında Düşünmek. Derrida: Yaşamı Yeniden Düşünürken, No.47/48, İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları,s.280-285.
  • Artun, A. (2010). Manifesto, Avangard Sanat ve Eleştirel Düşünce. [Blog] Ali Artun. Erişim linki http://www.aliartun.com/yazilar/manifesto-avangard-sanat-ve-elestirel-dusunce/ (Erişim tarihi: 15.09.2020)
  • Aureli, P. V. (2014). The Dom-ino Problem: Questioning the Architecture of Domestic Space. Log, No.30, New York: Anyone Corporation, s. 153-168.
  • Belsey, C. (2013). Postyapısalcılık. Çev: Nursu Örge, (İngilizce Basım: 2002), Kültür Kitaplığı, Ankara: Dost Yayınevi, s.12,21.
  • Buckley, C. (Ed) (2016). After the Manifesto. After the Manifesto, Columbia Books on Architecture and the City, New york: Columbia University Press,
  • Colomina, B. (2014). Manifesto Architecture: The Ghost of Mies. Critical Spatial Practice 3, Berlin: Sternberg Press, p.1-23.
  • Derrida J. (1973). Speech and Phenomena and Other Essays on Husserl’s Theory of Science. Çev: David B. Allison, USA: Nortwestern University Press, s.11-15, 141-150.
  • Derrida J. (1989) In Discussion with Christopher Norris. AD, 59, No.1/2, s.7-8.
  • Derrida, J. (1978). The Theater of Cruelty and the Closure of Representation. Theater Magazine, No. 9 (3), s. 6–19, Duke University Press: North Carolina.
  • Derrida, J. (1986). Point de folie_Maintenant I’Architecture. Çev: Kate Linker, AA Files, No.12, s.65-75, (Fransızca ilk metin 1984), UK. Erişim linki https://www.jstor.org/stable/29543519
  • Derrida, J. (2014). Gramatoloji. Çev: İsmet Birkan, İlk Baskı:1967, Ankara: Bilgesu Yayınları, p.14, 17, 24, 209.
  • Derrida, J., (1981). Disseminations. Çev: Barbara Johnson, London: The Athlone Press, s.5, 25.
  • Eisenman, P. (1984). The End of the Classical: the End of the End, the End of the Beginning. Theories and Manifestoes of Contemporary Architecture. Ed: Jencks, C. & Kropf, K., Great Britain: Academy Editions. s.283-284
  • Eisenman, P. (1979). Le Corbusier 1933 1960. Oppositions, (Ed) Kenneth Frampton. 19/20.
  • Emecan, N. (1998). 1960'tan Günümüze Türkçe Bir Sözlük Denemesi. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, s.23.
  • Gehry, F.O. (1993). On The American Center; Paris An Interview. Theories and Manifestoes of Contemporary Architecture. (Ed) Jencks, C. & Kropf, K., Great Britain: Academy Editions. s. 119
  • Gregh, E. (1979). The Domino Idea. Oppositions 15/16 /Winter Spring, s.61-81
  • Ingels, B., BIG Bjarke Ingels Group., & Dansk arkitekturcenter. (2010). Yes is more: An archicomic on architectural evolution. Köln: Evergreen.
  • Jencks, C. & Kropf, K. (1997). Theories and Manifestoes of Contemporary Architecture. Great Britain: Academy Editions.
  • Johnson, P., Wigley, M., & Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.). (1988). Deconstructivist architecture: The Museum of Modern Art, New York. Boston: Little, Brown.
  • Köseoğlu, A. (2010). Alman Medya Dilinde Yeni Yapım Birleşik Sözcükler (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). İstanbul: Marmara Üniversitesi/ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. s.14
  • Küçükalkan, G. (2018). Derrida ve Yapısöküm: Anlam-Söylem-Haber. İstanbul: Arı Sanat Yayınevi.
  • Levchenko, Y. (2010). Neologism in the Lexical System of Modern English: On the Mass Media Material. Munich: GRIN Verlag. s.14
  • Libeskind, D. (1983). Unoriginal Signs. Theories and Manifestoes of Contemporary Architecture. Ed: Jencks, C. & Kropf, K., Great Britain: Academy Editions. s.281
  • Libeskind, D. (1992). Countersign. New York: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., 87.
  • Lucy, N. (2012). Derrida Sözlüğü. Ankara: Bilgesu Publishing, p. 98-100.
  • McLuhan, M., Fiore, Q., & Agel, J. (2001). The medium is the massage. Gingko Press.
  • Ratti, C. & Caludel, M. (2015). Open Source Architecture(OSArc). Adjunct Ed: A. Biderman, M. Bonino, R. Burdett, P. Alain Croset, K. Easterling, G. Empoli, J. Grima, N. J. Habraken, A. Haw, H. U. Obrist, A. Parvin, E. Baraona Pohl, T. Shafrir, UK: Thames &Hudson
  • Sarup, M. (2019). Post-yapısalcılık ve Postmodernizm - Eleştirel Bir Giriş. Çev: Abdulbaki Güçlü, Altıncı Baskı, İlk basım:1993, Ankara: Pharmakon Yayınevi, s.18
  • Schnapp, J. (11.18.2011). What happened to the architectural manifesto?. [Symposium]. GSAPP Columbia University, New York. Erişim Linki https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ESG6Tr60OaA&t=1369s
  • Sözen, Ş. (1999). Söylem: Belirsizlik, Mübadele, Bilgi, Güç ve Refleksivite. İstanbul: Paradigma Yayınları, s.52-53
  • Benski, T. & Fisher, E. (Ed.) (2013). Internet and Emotions. Routledge Studies in Science, Technology & Society, London UK: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Vallega, A. A. (2009). Sense and Finitude: Encounters at the limits of Language. Art and the Political, New York, USA: SUNY Press, s. 114
  • Venturi, R., Brown D. S., Izenour S. (1988). Learning From Las Vegas: The Forgotten Symbolism of Architectural Form. İlk basım:1972, Cambridge, Massachusetts | London, England: The MIT Press, s.93.
  • Vidler, A. (2016). From Manifesto to Discourse. After the Manifesto, Ed: Craig Buckley, Columbia Books on Architecture and the City, Columbia University Press: New York.
  • Wigley, M. (1995). The Architecture of Deconstruction: Derrida’s Haunt. İlk baskı:1993, Cambridge Massachusetts| London England :The MIT Press.
  • Wigley, M. (11.18.2011). What happened to the architectural manifesto?. [Symposium]. GSAPP Columbia University, New York. Erişim Linki https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ESG6Tr60OaA&t=1369s
  • URL-1 http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k2883730 (Erişim Tarihi: 21.01.2021)
  • URL-2 https://eisenmanarchitects.com/House-X-1975 (Erişim Tarihi: 03.02.2021)
  • URL-3 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_architecture (Erişim Tarihi: 21.01.2021)
  • URL-4 OED-The Oxford English Dictionary. Original Sin. https://proxy.bau.edu.tr:2679/view/Entry/132564?redirectedFrom=original+sin#eid33357692(Erişim Tarihi: 21.01.2021)
  • URL-5 https://www.wikihouse.cc/About (Erişim Tarihi: 03.02.2021)
  • URL-6 https://www.archdaily.com/10775/quinta-monroy-elemental/50102dd828ba0d4222000ff3-quinta-monroy-elemental-image (Erişim Tarihi: 21.01.2021)
  • URL-7 http://www.elementalchile.cl/en/ (Erişim Tarihi: 21.01.2021)

“ORİJİNALKOPYA” VE MİMARLIKTA YAPISÖKEN MANİFESTOLARDA KÖKEN OLGUSU ÜZERİNE BİR OKUMA

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 1172 - 1189, 01.07.2021

Abstract

Manifestonun tarihte doğuşu basılı yayın araçlarının yaygınlaşması, müelliflik kavramının doğuşu, “orijinal” ve “kopya” sözcüklerinin anlamsal dönüşümleri ile ilişkili ve eşzamanlı olmuştur. Günümüzde yeni medya araçları doğrultusunda mimarlık manifestosu dönüşürken, “orijinallik” ve “köken” kavramları da yeni müelliflik olguları bağlamında eşzamanlı bir dönüşüme girmiştir. Bu değişimlerin uzantısı olarak “orijinalkopya” bir neolojizm, ya da Derrida’nın kullanacağı adıyla bir “neografizm”dir. Mimarlık manifestolarının dile kazandırdığı “neolojizmler” ana fikri temsil eden anlamlarla yüklü sıkıştırılmış sözcük birimlerdir.
Bu makalede, “orijinalkopya” sözcüğünün, mimarlığın geleneğine karşı duran yapısökümcü mimarlık manifestoları üzerinden anlamsal katmanlarının sökümünü yapmak amaçlanmıştır.
Çalışma kapsamında bir kökensellik atfetme görevini doğrudan üstenmiş söylemler olarak tanımlanan manifestolarda orijinalliğe dair anlamların inşasının nasıl sağlandığı araştırılmıştır ve yapısökümcü manifestoların bu inşa eylemine aldıkları karşı duruşu söylemlerinde nasıl ifade ettiklerine odaklanılmıştır. Bu anlamda kullandıkları terim ve neolojizmler üzerinde durulmuştur. Mimarlık bağlamında orijinallik gibi aşkın anlamların inşasında ya da yapısökümünde neolojizmlerin ve medyanın anlama etkileri vurgulanmıştır. Bu noktadan hareketle “orijinalkopya” gibi karar verilemeyen bir neografizmin, günümüz medya araçları ile iç içe geçmiş manifesto söylemlerde kendini anlama nasıl dahil ettiği “Açık Kaynak Mimarlık” manifestosu örneği üzerinden tartışılmıştır.

References

  • Akcan E. (2006). Metafiziğin Kalesi Hakkında Düşünmek. Derrida: Yaşamı Yeniden Düşünürken, No.47/48, İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları,s.280-285.
  • Artun, A. (2010). Manifesto, Avangard Sanat ve Eleştirel Düşünce. [Blog] Ali Artun. Erişim linki http://www.aliartun.com/yazilar/manifesto-avangard-sanat-ve-elestirel-dusunce/ (Erişim tarihi: 15.09.2020)
  • Aureli, P. V. (2014). The Dom-ino Problem: Questioning the Architecture of Domestic Space. Log, No.30, New York: Anyone Corporation, s. 153-168.
  • Belsey, C. (2013). Postyapısalcılık. Çev: Nursu Örge, (İngilizce Basım: 2002), Kültür Kitaplığı, Ankara: Dost Yayınevi, s.12,21.
  • Buckley, C. (Ed) (2016). After the Manifesto. After the Manifesto, Columbia Books on Architecture and the City, New york: Columbia University Press,
  • Colomina, B. (2014). Manifesto Architecture: The Ghost of Mies. Critical Spatial Practice 3, Berlin: Sternberg Press, p.1-23.
  • Derrida J. (1973). Speech and Phenomena and Other Essays on Husserl’s Theory of Science. Çev: David B. Allison, USA: Nortwestern University Press, s.11-15, 141-150.
  • Derrida J. (1989) In Discussion with Christopher Norris. AD, 59, No.1/2, s.7-8.
  • Derrida, J. (1978). The Theater of Cruelty and the Closure of Representation. Theater Magazine, No. 9 (3), s. 6–19, Duke University Press: North Carolina.
  • Derrida, J. (1986). Point de folie_Maintenant I’Architecture. Çev: Kate Linker, AA Files, No.12, s.65-75, (Fransızca ilk metin 1984), UK. Erişim linki https://www.jstor.org/stable/29543519
  • Derrida, J. (2014). Gramatoloji. Çev: İsmet Birkan, İlk Baskı:1967, Ankara: Bilgesu Yayınları, p.14, 17, 24, 209.
  • Derrida, J., (1981). Disseminations. Çev: Barbara Johnson, London: The Athlone Press, s.5, 25.
  • Eisenman, P. (1984). The End of the Classical: the End of the End, the End of the Beginning. Theories and Manifestoes of Contemporary Architecture. Ed: Jencks, C. & Kropf, K., Great Britain: Academy Editions. s.283-284
  • Eisenman, P. (1979). Le Corbusier 1933 1960. Oppositions, (Ed) Kenneth Frampton. 19/20.
  • Emecan, N. (1998). 1960'tan Günümüze Türkçe Bir Sözlük Denemesi. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, s.23.
  • Gehry, F.O. (1993). On The American Center; Paris An Interview. Theories and Manifestoes of Contemporary Architecture. (Ed) Jencks, C. & Kropf, K., Great Britain: Academy Editions. s. 119
  • Gregh, E. (1979). The Domino Idea. Oppositions 15/16 /Winter Spring, s.61-81
  • Ingels, B., BIG Bjarke Ingels Group., & Dansk arkitekturcenter. (2010). Yes is more: An archicomic on architectural evolution. Köln: Evergreen.
  • Jencks, C. & Kropf, K. (1997). Theories and Manifestoes of Contemporary Architecture. Great Britain: Academy Editions.
  • Johnson, P., Wigley, M., & Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.). (1988). Deconstructivist architecture: The Museum of Modern Art, New York. Boston: Little, Brown.
  • Köseoğlu, A. (2010). Alman Medya Dilinde Yeni Yapım Birleşik Sözcükler (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). İstanbul: Marmara Üniversitesi/ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. s.14
  • Küçükalkan, G. (2018). Derrida ve Yapısöküm: Anlam-Söylem-Haber. İstanbul: Arı Sanat Yayınevi.
  • Levchenko, Y. (2010). Neologism in the Lexical System of Modern English: On the Mass Media Material. Munich: GRIN Verlag. s.14
  • Libeskind, D. (1983). Unoriginal Signs. Theories and Manifestoes of Contemporary Architecture. Ed: Jencks, C. & Kropf, K., Great Britain: Academy Editions. s.281
  • Libeskind, D. (1992). Countersign. New York: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., 87.
  • Lucy, N. (2012). Derrida Sözlüğü. Ankara: Bilgesu Publishing, p. 98-100.
  • McLuhan, M., Fiore, Q., & Agel, J. (2001). The medium is the massage. Gingko Press.
  • Ratti, C. & Caludel, M. (2015). Open Source Architecture(OSArc). Adjunct Ed: A. Biderman, M. Bonino, R. Burdett, P. Alain Croset, K. Easterling, G. Empoli, J. Grima, N. J. Habraken, A. Haw, H. U. Obrist, A. Parvin, E. Baraona Pohl, T. Shafrir, UK: Thames &Hudson
  • Sarup, M. (2019). Post-yapısalcılık ve Postmodernizm - Eleştirel Bir Giriş. Çev: Abdulbaki Güçlü, Altıncı Baskı, İlk basım:1993, Ankara: Pharmakon Yayınevi, s.18
  • Schnapp, J. (11.18.2011). What happened to the architectural manifesto?. [Symposium]. GSAPP Columbia University, New York. Erişim Linki https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ESG6Tr60OaA&t=1369s
  • Sözen, Ş. (1999). Söylem: Belirsizlik, Mübadele, Bilgi, Güç ve Refleksivite. İstanbul: Paradigma Yayınları, s.52-53
  • Benski, T. & Fisher, E. (Ed.) (2013). Internet and Emotions. Routledge Studies in Science, Technology & Society, London UK: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Vallega, A. A. (2009). Sense and Finitude: Encounters at the limits of Language. Art and the Political, New York, USA: SUNY Press, s. 114
  • Venturi, R., Brown D. S., Izenour S. (1988). Learning From Las Vegas: The Forgotten Symbolism of Architectural Form. İlk basım:1972, Cambridge, Massachusetts | London, England: The MIT Press, s.93.
  • Vidler, A. (2016). From Manifesto to Discourse. After the Manifesto, Ed: Craig Buckley, Columbia Books on Architecture and the City, Columbia University Press: New York.
  • Wigley, M. (1995). The Architecture of Deconstruction: Derrida’s Haunt. İlk baskı:1993, Cambridge Massachusetts| London England :The MIT Press.
  • Wigley, M. (11.18.2011). What happened to the architectural manifesto?. [Symposium]. GSAPP Columbia University, New York. Erişim Linki https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ESG6Tr60OaA&t=1369s
  • URL-1 http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k2883730 (Erişim Tarihi: 21.01.2021)
  • URL-2 https://eisenmanarchitects.com/House-X-1975 (Erişim Tarihi: 03.02.2021)
  • URL-3 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_architecture (Erişim Tarihi: 21.01.2021)
  • URL-4 OED-The Oxford English Dictionary. Original Sin. https://proxy.bau.edu.tr:2679/view/Entry/132564?redirectedFrom=original+sin#eid33357692(Erişim Tarihi: 21.01.2021)
  • URL-5 https://www.wikihouse.cc/About (Erişim Tarihi: 03.02.2021)
  • URL-6 https://www.archdaily.com/10775/quinta-monroy-elemental/50102dd828ba0d4222000ff3-quinta-monroy-elemental-image (Erişim Tarihi: 21.01.2021)
  • URL-7 http://www.elementalchile.cl/en/ (Erişim Tarihi: 21.01.2021)
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Zeynep Gül Söhmen Tunay 0000-0002-7067-687X

Funda Uz 0000-0003-4299-7710

Publication Date July 1, 2021
Submission Date April 5, 2021
Acceptance Date May 17, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 11 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Söhmen Tunay, Z. G., & Uz, F. (2021). “ORİJİNALKOPYA” VE MİMARLIKTA YAPISÖKEN MANİFESTOLARDA KÖKEN OLGUSU ÜZERİNE BİR OKUMA. Turkish Online Journal of Design Art and Communication, 11(3), 1172-1189.


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