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Not Too Distant: A Survey Of Strategies For Teacher Support In Distance Education Programs

Year 2010, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 108 - 117, 01.06.2010

Abstract

Distance learning can be a “very lonely” experience (Brown & Early, cited by Prescott & Robinson, 1993). This isolation exacerbates all of the many issues that can occur when learners are separated from their instructor and other learners via distance. Difficulties understanding content, computer problems, uncertainty about how to employ a strategy, and disappointment when a new pedagogical approach fails are all magnified when teachers confront these issues alone. High rates of attrition in distance-based teacher training courses are in large measure due to these feelings of isolation and “anonymity” (Potashnik & Capper, 1998; Hope, 2006). Indeed, without “support, contact and confidence,” distance learning is not considered by learners to be “valuable” (Brown & Early, 1990; Prescott & Robinson, 1993, p. 306). This paper presents a recent historical and global overview of the types of supports provided to distance education programs across the globe. Because of the diversity of distance-education programs, the paper includes a range of such modalities (print-based instruction, radio, television, and online learning).

References

  • Abrioux, D.A.M.X. (2006). Strategic issues in single- and dual-mode distance education:
  • The organizational blending of two Canadian distance universities. Vancouver: Commonwealth of Learning. http://www.col.org/colweb/site/pid/3974 Retrieved, July , 2009.
  • Brennan, J. & Shah, T. (Eds). (2000). Managing quality in higher education. (Milton
  • Keynes, OECD, SRHE & Open University Press). Burns, M. (Forthcoming, 2010). Modes, models and methods of distance education: A global perspective. Washington, DC: Education Development Center.
  • Burns, M. (June 2009). Threading, tagging and higher order thinking:
  • Using Web 2.0 applications with Indonesian teacher trainers. In eLearn Magazine. http://www.elearnmag.org/subpage.cfm?section=case_studies&article=43-1 Retrieved, October 31, 2009.
  • Burns, M. & Dimock, K.V. (2007). Technology as a catalyst for school communities:
  • Beyond boxes and bandwidth. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. Center for Children and Technology. (2008). Online professional development formative research report—report to the Public Broadcasting Corporation (New York, Education Development Center).
  • Commonwealth of Learning. (2008). Education for a digital world: Advice, guidelines and effective practice from around the globe. Vancouver: Author. Retrieved, July 22, 2009 from: http://www.col.org/colweb/site/pid/5312
  • Dimock, K. V., Burns, M. & Heath, M. (2000). Applying technology to restructuring and learning: How teachers use computers in technology assisted, constructivist learning environments. (Austin, TX, Southwest Educational Development Laboratory)
  • Gaible, E. & Burns, M. (2007). Using technology to train teachers: Appropriate uses of
  • ICTs for professional development. Washington, DC: World Bank. Retrieved, July 22, from: http://www.infodev.org/en/Publication.13.html Holmes, D.R., Karmacharya, D.M. & Mayo, J.K. (1993). Radio education in Nepal, in H.
  • Perraton (Ed) Distance Education for Teacher Training (London, Routledge Press), 136- Hope, A. (2006). Factors for success in dual mode institutions, Vancouver,
  • Commonwealth of Learning. Hord, S., Rutherford, W.L., Huling-Austin, L. & Hall, G.E. (1987). Taking charge of change.
  • (Austin, TX, Southwest Educational Development Laboratory). McGhee, P. (March 2002). Web-based learning design: Planning for diversity, in United
  • States Distance Learning Association Journal, (16), 3. Retrieved, July 22, 2009 from: http://www.usdla.org/html/journal/MAR02_Issue/article03.html
  • National Commission on Teaching and America‘s Future. (2003). No dream denied:
  • Teaching and America‘s future. Washington, DC: Author. National Staff Development Council. (2002). Standards for professional development. (Oxford, OH: Author).
  • Nielsen, H.D. & Tatto, M.T (1993). Teacher upgrading in Sri Lanka and Indonesia, in H.
  • Perraton (Ed) Distance Education for Teacher Training, London, Routledge Press, 95-135. Oliveira, J. B. & Orivel, F. (1993). Logos II in Brazil, in H. Perraton (Ed) Distance
  • Education for Teacher Training, London, Routledge Press, 69-94. Perraton, H. (Ed.). (1993). Distance education for teacher training, London, Routledge Press.
  • Perraton, H., Creed, C. & Robinson, B. (2002). Teacher education guidelines: Using open and distance learning. Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
  • Organization. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001253/125396e.pdf Retrieved, July 22, 2009.
  • Potashnik, M., & Capper, J. (1998). Distance education: Growth and diversity. Retrieved, July 22, 2009 from: http://www.worldbank.org/fandd/english/0398/articles/0110398.htm.
  • Prescott, W. & Robinson, B. (1993). Teacher education at the Open University, in H.
  • Perraton (Ed) Distance Education for Teacher Training, London, Routledge Press, 287- Sparks, D. (2002) Designing Powerful Professional Development for Teachers and Principals. (Oxford, OH: National Staff Development Council).
  • Sulistyo-Basuki, L. (2007). IT and education: The Case of E-learning in Indonesia, in
  • Proceedings Korea-ASEAN Academic Conference on Information Revolution and Cultural Integration in East Asia, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Retrieved, July 22, 2009 from: http://eprints.rclis.org/archive/00008856/
  • UNESCO Bangkok. (2007). ICT in education: Case studies from the Asia-Pacific region. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001567/156757e.pdf Retrieved, July 22,
  • Wang, Y. (March 2000). Providing teacher training through educational television: The China experience. Washington, D.C., Educational Development Center and the Academy for Educational Development. http://pdf.dec.org/pdf_docs/PNACH453.pdf Retrieved, July 22, 2009
  • Williams, J.B. (1999). Flexible Assessment for Flexible Delivery: Preliminary Results and Tentative Conclusions. Paper presented at Effective Courses/Effective Teaching at
  • University Conference, University of Queensland Australia. Retrieved, July 22, 2009 from: http://www.tedi.uq.edu.au/conferences/teach_conference99/papers/Williams.html
  • Zibit, M. (2004). The peaks and valley of online professional development, in eLearn
  • Magazine. http://www.elearnmag.org/subpage.cfm?section=research&article=3-1 Retrieved, July 22, 2009.
Year 2010, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 108 - 117, 01.06.2010

Abstract

References

  • Abrioux, D.A.M.X. (2006). Strategic issues in single- and dual-mode distance education:
  • The organizational blending of two Canadian distance universities. Vancouver: Commonwealth of Learning. http://www.col.org/colweb/site/pid/3974 Retrieved, July , 2009.
  • Brennan, J. & Shah, T. (Eds). (2000). Managing quality in higher education. (Milton
  • Keynes, OECD, SRHE & Open University Press). Burns, M. (Forthcoming, 2010). Modes, models and methods of distance education: A global perspective. Washington, DC: Education Development Center.
  • Burns, M. (June 2009). Threading, tagging and higher order thinking:
  • Using Web 2.0 applications with Indonesian teacher trainers. In eLearn Magazine. http://www.elearnmag.org/subpage.cfm?section=case_studies&article=43-1 Retrieved, October 31, 2009.
  • Burns, M. & Dimock, K.V. (2007). Technology as a catalyst for school communities:
  • Beyond boxes and bandwidth. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. Center for Children and Technology. (2008). Online professional development formative research report—report to the Public Broadcasting Corporation (New York, Education Development Center).
  • Commonwealth of Learning. (2008). Education for a digital world: Advice, guidelines and effective practice from around the globe. Vancouver: Author. Retrieved, July 22, 2009 from: http://www.col.org/colweb/site/pid/5312
  • Dimock, K. V., Burns, M. & Heath, M. (2000). Applying technology to restructuring and learning: How teachers use computers in technology assisted, constructivist learning environments. (Austin, TX, Southwest Educational Development Laboratory)
  • Gaible, E. & Burns, M. (2007). Using technology to train teachers: Appropriate uses of
  • ICTs for professional development. Washington, DC: World Bank. Retrieved, July 22, from: http://www.infodev.org/en/Publication.13.html Holmes, D.R., Karmacharya, D.M. & Mayo, J.K. (1993). Radio education in Nepal, in H.
  • Perraton (Ed) Distance Education for Teacher Training (London, Routledge Press), 136- Hope, A. (2006). Factors for success in dual mode institutions, Vancouver,
  • Commonwealth of Learning. Hord, S., Rutherford, W.L., Huling-Austin, L. & Hall, G.E. (1987). Taking charge of change.
  • (Austin, TX, Southwest Educational Development Laboratory). McGhee, P. (March 2002). Web-based learning design: Planning for diversity, in United
  • States Distance Learning Association Journal, (16), 3. Retrieved, July 22, 2009 from: http://www.usdla.org/html/journal/MAR02_Issue/article03.html
  • National Commission on Teaching and America‘s Future. (2003). No dream denied:
  • Teaching and America‘s future. Washington, DC: Author. National Staff Development Council. (2002). Standards for professional development. (Oxford, OH: Author).
  • Nielsen, H.D. & Tatto, M.T (1993). Teacher upgrading in Sri Lanka and Indonesia, in H.
  • Perraton (Ed) Distance Education for Teacher Training, London, Routledge Press, 95-135. Oliveira, J. B. & Orivel, F. (1993). Logos II in Brazil, in H. Perraton (Ed) Distance
  • Education for Teacher Training, London, Routledge Press, 69-94. Perraton, H. (Ed.). (1993). Distance education for teacher training, London, Routledge Press.
  • Perraton, H., Creed, C. & Robinson, B. (2002). Teacher education guidelines: Using open and distance learning. Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
  • Organization. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001253/125396e.pdf Retrieved, July 22, 2009.
  • Potashnik, M., & Capper, J. (1998). Distance education: Growth and diversity. Retrieved, July 22, 2009 from: http://www.worldbank.org/fandd/english/0398/articles/0110398.htm.
  • Prescott, W. & Robinson, B. (1993). Teacher education at the Open University, in H.
  • Perraton (Ed) Distance Education for Teacher Training, London, Routledge Press, 287- Sparks, D. (2002) Designing Powerful Professional Development for Teachers and Principals. (Oxford, OH: National Staff Development Council).
  • Sulistyo-Basuki, L. (2007). IT and education: The Case of E-learning in Indonesia, in
  • Proceedings Korea-ASEAN Academic Conference on Information Revolution and Cultural Integration in East Asia, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Retrieved, July 22, 2009 from: http://eprints.rclis.org/archive/00008856/
  • UNESCO Bangkok. (2007). ICT in education: Case studies from the Asia-Pacific region. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001567/156757e.pdf Retrieved, July 22,
  • Wang, Y. (March 2000). Providing teacher training through educational television: The China experience. Washington, D.C., Educational Development Center and the Academy for Educational Development. http://pdf.dec.org/pdf_docs/PNACH453.pdf Retrieved, July 22, 2009
  • Williams, J.B. (1999). Flexible Assessment for Flexible Delivery: Preliminary Results and Tentative Conclusions. Paper presented at Effective Courses/Effective Teaching at
  • University Conference, University of Queensland Australia. Retrieved, July 22, 2009 from: http://www.tedi.uq.edu.au/conferences/teach_conference99/papers/Williams.html
  • Zibit, M. (2004). The peaks and valley of online professional development, in eLearn
  • Magazine. http://www.elearnmag.org/subpage.cfm?section=research&article=3-1 Retrieved, July 22, 2009.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mary Burns This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2010
Submission Date February 27, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2010 Volume: 11 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Burns, M. (2010). Not Too Distant: A Survey Of Strategies For Teacher Support In Distance Education Programs. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 11(2), 108-117.