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NOTE FOR EDITOR: Self-Efficacy Of Formally and Non-Formally Trained Public Sector Teachers

Year 2009, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 9 - 22, 01.09.2009

Abstract

The main objective of the study was to compare the formally and non-formally trained in-service public sector teachers’ Self-efficacy. Five hypotheses were developed describing no difference in the self-efficacy of formally and non-formally trained teachers to influence decision making, influence school resources, instructional self-efficacy, disciplinary self-efficacy and create positive school climate. Teacher Efficacy Instrument (TSES) developed by Bandura (2001) consisting of thirty 9-point items was used in the study. 342 formally trained and 255 non-formally trained respondents’ questionnaires were received out of 1500 mailed. The analysis of data revealed that the formally trained public sector teachers are high in their self-efficacy on all the five categories: to influence decision making, to influence school resources, instructional self-efficacy, disciplinary self-efficacy and self-efficacy to create positive school climate.

References

  • Ahearn, E. M. (2000). Educational accountability: A synthesis of the literature and review of a balanced model of accountability. Final Report. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 439573).
  • Anderson, R., Greene, M., & Loewen, P. (1988). Relationships among teachers‘ and students‘ thinking skills, sense of efficacy, and student achievement. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 34(2), 148-165.
  • Aness, M. (2005). A Comparison of formal and non-formal systems of teacher education in Pakistan. [Unpublished] Ph.D. Thesis, University of Arid Agriculture,
  • Rawalpindi, Pakistan. pp.55-65. Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavior change.
  • Psychological Review, 84(9), 215. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freeman & Company.
  • Coladarci, T., & Breton, W. (1997). Teacher efficacy, supervision, and the special education resource-room teacher. Journal of Educational Research, 90(4), 230-239.
  • Commonwealth Secretariat. 1993. Quality of Basic Education and Professional
  • Development of Teachers. Paren and Stacy, London. pp.30-32. Crowther, D.T. & Cannon, C.R. (1998). How much is enough? Preparing elementary science teachers through science practicum. In Proceedings of the Annual
  • International Conference of the Association for the Education of Teachers in Science, Ruba, P. A., & Rye, J. A. (Eds.) Minneapolis: Association for the Education of Teachers in Science. Darling-Hammond L. (2004). Standards, accountability, and school reform. Teachers College Record, 106(6), 1047-1085.
  • Darling-Hammond L. & McLaughlin M.W. (1995). Policies that support professional development in an era of reform. Phi Delta Kappan, 76(8), 597-604.
  • Emmer, E., & Hickman, J. (1990, April). Teacher decision making as a function of efficacy, attribution, and reasoned action. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Boston.
  • Gibson, S., & Dembo, M. (1984). Teacher efficacy: A construct validation. Journal of
  • Educational Psychology, 76, 569-582. Gorrell, J., & Dhamadasa, K.H. (1994). Perceived selfefficacy of preservice and in- service Sri Lankan Teachers. International Education.
  • Gorrell, J., & Hwang, Y.S. (1995). A study of self-efficacy beliefs among preservice teachers in Korea. Journal of Research and Development in Education, 28, 101-105.
  • Guskey, T. R. (1987). Context variables that affect measures of teacher efficacy.
  • Journal of Educational Research, 81(1), 41-47. Guskey, T. R., & Passaro, P. D. (1994). Teacher efficacy: A study of construct dimensions. American Educational Research Journal, 31(3), 627-643.
  • Hipp, K.A. (1996). Teacher efficacy: Influence of principal leadership behavior. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational research Association, New York.
  • Huinker, D., & Madison, S.K. (1997). Preparing Efficacious elementary teachers in science and mathematics: The influence of methods courses. Journal of Science Teacher Education, 8, 107-126.
  • Joseph, G. 1(989). ―The Emerging Model of Vocational Educational and Training‖. In: J.Burke (eds) Competency Based Educational and Training. The Falmer Press. Lewes, U.K. P.26. Khan, N. A. (1986). Pakistan‘s Model of Distance Education. Pakistan
  • Education Journal, Ministry of Education, Islamabad. pp.50-51. Lin, H. & Gorrell, J. (2001). Expiatory analysis of pre-service teacher efficacy in
  • Taiwan. Teaching and Teacher Education, 17, 623-635. Midgley, C., Feldlaufer, H., & Eccles, J. (1989). Change in teacher efficacy and student self- and task-related beliefs in mathematics during the transition to junior high school. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, 247-258.
  • Olson, L (2002). Schools discovering riches in data. Education Week, 21(40), 1-3.
  • Pajares, F. (1992). Teachers' beliefs and educational research: Cleaning up a messy onstruct. Review of Educational Research, 62, 307-332.
  • Parkay, F.W., Greenwood, G., Olejnik, S., & Proller, N. (1988). A study of the relationships among teacher efficacy, locus of control, and stress. Journal of
  • Research and Development in Education, 21, 13-22. Ramzan, M. (2002). A Comparative Study of Teacher Education System of United
  • State of America and Pakistan. [Unpublished] Ph.D. Thesis, University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. pp.1-214. Riggs, LM &.Enochs, L.G. (1990). Further development of an elementary science teaching efficacy belief instrument: A preservice elementary scale. School Science and Mathematics, 90, 694-706.
  • Ramey-Gassert, L., Shroyer, M.G. & Staver,J.R.( 1996). A qualitative study of factors influencing science teaching self-efficacy of elementary level teachers. Science Education, 80, 283-315.
  • Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs, 80, 1-28.
  • Sewart, D., D. Keegan, and B. Holmberg. (1983). Distance Education. Croom Helm, London. pp.16-22.
  • Smylie, M. A. (1988). The enhancement function of staff development: organizational and psychological antecedents to individual teacher change. American Educational Research Journal, 25, 1-30.
  • Tschannen-Moran,M., Woolfolk-Hoy, A & Hoy, W.K. (1998). Teacher Efficacy: Its
  • Meaning and Measure. Review of Educational Research, 68, 202-48. UNESCO. (1986). Regional Seminar on Non-Formal Education Coordination and Complementarity. Regional Office for Asia and Pacific, Bangkok. P.1.
  • Woolfolk, A. E., & Hoy, W. K. (1990). Prospective teachers‘ sense of efficacy and beliefs about control. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 81-91.
Year 2009, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 9 - 22, 01.09.2009

Abstract

References

  • Ahearn, E. M. (2000). Educational accountability: A synthesis of the literature and review of a balanced model of accountability. Final Report. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 439573).
  • Anderson, R., Greene, M., & Loewen, P. (1988). Relationships among teachers‘ and students‘ thinking skills, sense of efficacy, and student achievement. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 34(2), 148-165.
  • Aness, M. (2005). A Comparison of formal and non-formal systems of teacher education in Pakistan. [Unpublished] Ph.D. Thesis, University of Arid Agriculture,
  • Rawalpindi, Pakistan. pp.55-65. Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavior change.
  • Psychological Review, 84(9), 215. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freeman & Company.
  • Coladarci, T., & Breton, W. (1997). Teacher efficacy, supervision, and the special education resource-room teacher. Journal of Educational Research, 90(4), 230-239.
  • Commonwealth Secretariat. 1993. Quality of Basic Education and Professional
  • Development of Teachers. Paren and Stacy, London. pp.30-32. Crowther, D.T. & Cannon, C.R. (1998). How much is enough? Preparing elementary science teachers through science practicum. In Proceedings of the Annual
  • International Conference of the Association for the Education of Teachers in Science, Ruba, P. A., & Rye, J. A. (Eds.) Minneapolis: Association for the Education of Teachers in Science. Darling-Hammond L. (2004). Standards, accountability, and school reform. Teachers College Record, 106(6), 1047-1085.
  • Darling-Hammond L. & McLaughlin M.W. (1995). Policies that support professional development in an era of reform. Phi Delta Kappan, 76(8), 597-604.
  • Emmer, E., & Hickman, J. (1990, April). Teacher decision making as a function of efficacy, attribution, and reasoned action. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Boston.
  • Gibson, S., & Dembo, M. (1984). Teacher efficacy: A construct validation. Journal of
  • Educational Psychology, 76, 569-582. Gorrell, J., & Dhamadasa, K.H. (1994). Perceived selfefficacy of preservice and in- service Sri Lankan Teachers. International Education.
  • Gorrell, J., & Hwang, Y.S. (1995). A study of self-efficacy beliefs among preservice teachers in Korea. Journal of Research and Development in Education, 28, 101-105.
  • Guskey, T. R. (1987). Context variables that affect measures of teacher efficacy.
  • Journal of Educational Research, 81(1), 41-47. Guskey, T. R., & Passaro, P. D. (1994). Teacher efficacy: A study of construct dimensions. American Educational Research Journal, 31(3), 627-643.
  • Hipp, K.A. (1996). Teacher efficacy: Influence of principal leadership behavior. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational research Association, New York.
  • Huinker, D., & Madison, S.K. (1997). Preparing Efficacious elementary teachers in science and mathematics: The influence of methods courses. Journal of Science Teacher Education, 8, 107-126.
  • Joseph, G. 1(989). ―The Emerging Model of Vocational Educational and Training‖. In: J.Burke (eds) Competency Based Educational and Training. The Falmer Press. Lewes, U.K. P.26. Khan, N. A. (1986). Pakistan‘s Model of Distance Education. Pakistan
  • Education Journal, Ministry of Education, Islamabad. pp.50-51. Lin, H. & Gorrell, J. (2001). Expiatory analysis of pre-service teacher efficacy in
  • Taiwan. Teaching and Teacher Education, 17, 623-635. Midgley, C., Feldlaufer, H., & Eccles, J. (1989). Change in teacher efficacy and student self- and task-related beliefs in mathematics during the transition to junior high school. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, 247-258.
  • Olson, L (2002). Schools discovering riches in data. Education Week, 21(40), 1-3.
  • Pajares, F. (1992). Teachers' beliefs and educational research: Cleaning up a messy onstruct. Review of Educational Research, 62, 307-332.
  • Parkay, F.W., Greenwood, G., Olejnik, S., & Proller, N. (1988). A study of the relationships among teacher efficacy, locus of control, and stress. Journal of
  • Research and Development in Education, 21, 13-22. Ramzan, M. (2002). A Comparative Study of Teacher Education System of United
  • State of America and Pakistan. [Unpublished] Ph.D. Thesis, University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. pp.1-214. Riggs, LM &.Enochs, L.G. (1990). Further development of an elementary science teaching efficacy belief instrument: A preservice elementary scale. School Science and Mathematics, 90, 694-706.
  • Ramey-Gassert, L., Shroyer, M.G. & Staver,J.R.( 1996). A qualitative study of factors influencing science teaching self-efficacy of elementary level teachers. Science Education, 80, 283-315.
  • Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs, 80, 1-28.
  • Sewart, D., D. Keegan, and B. Holmberg. (1983). Distance Education. Croom Helm, London. pp.16-22.
  • Smylie, M. A. (1988). The enhancement function of staff development: organizational and psychological antecedents to individual teacher change. American Educational Research Journal, 25, 1-30.
  • Tschannen-Moran,M., Woolfolk-Hoy, A & Hoy, W.K. (1998). Teacher Efficacy: Its
  • Meaning and Measure. Review of Educational Research, 68, 202-48. UNESCO. (1986). Regional Seminar on Non-Formal Education Coordination and Complementarity. Regional Office for Asia and Pacific, Bangkok. P.1.
  • Woolfolk, A. E., & Hoy, W. K. (1990). Prospective teachers‘ sense of efficacy and beliefs about control. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 81-91.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Muhammad Nadeem Anwar This is me

Publication Date September 1, 2009
Submission Date February 27, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2009 Volume: 10 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Anwar, M. N. (2009). NOTE FOR EDITOR: Self-Efficacy Of Formally and Non-Formally Trained Public Sector Teachers. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 10(3), 9-22.