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The Validity And Reliability Studies Of The Computer 
Anxiety Scale On Educational Administrators (Cas-Ea)

Year 2008, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 45 - 58, 01.09.2008

Abstract

This study aims at investigating the validity and reliability studies of the “Computer Anxiety Scale” (Ceyhan & Gurcan Namlu, 2000) on educational administrators. The data gathered from 143 educational administrators of state schools located in Eskişehir show that the scale consists of 2 factors. The first of these factors, affective anxiety regarding computers independently explains 37.99 % of the variance; the second factor, cognitive anxiety regarding computers forms 12.49 % of the variance. These two factors, which consist of 20 items altogether, explain 50.48 % of the variance. It was found that the scale was able to discriminate the computer anxiety level of educational administrators with respect to computer efficacy. With the scale, the correlation between Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (Öner and Le Compte,1983) was calculated as 0.34 and 0.25. In addition, the correlation coefficient between the scale and Happner and Petersen’s Problem-Solving Inventory (Şahin, Şahin, Happner,1993) was found to be 0.40. The internal consistency coefficient was calculated as (a) 0.87. Item total score reliability coefficients were calculated between 0.23 and 0.71. As a result, the “Computer Anxiety Scale of Educational Administrators” (CAS-EA) was developed.

References

  • Alkan, C. (1998). Egitim Teknolojisi [Educational Technology]. Ankara: Ani yayincilik.
  • Altun, S. A. (2000). “Okul Yöneticilerinin Bilgisayar Kullanma Düzeyleri [The Level of Computer Usage of Educational Administrators]”,Educational Researches. 1, 10–16.
  • Buyukozturk, S. (2002). Sosyal Bilimler Icin Veri Analizi El Kitabı [Data analysis handbook for Social Sciences]. Second Edition. Ankara: PegemA.
  • Ceyhan. E. ve Gurcan N., A. (2000). “Bilgisayar Kaygısı Olcegi (BKO): Geçerlik ve Guvenirlik Calısması [Computer Anxiety Scale (BKO): Reliability and Validity Studies]”. Anadolu University Educational Faculty Journal. 10 (2), 77–93.
  • Celikten, M. (2002). “Okul Mudurlerinin Bilgisayar Kullanma Becerileri” [Computer Usage Skills of School Principals]. National Education. 155-156, 182-190.
  • Deniz, L. (1994). “Bilgisayar Tutum Olceği (BTO-M)’nin Gecerlik, Guvenirlik, Norm Calısması ve Ornek Bir Uygulama [Validity and Reliability Norm Studies of (BTO-M) Computer Attitude Scale and Application]”. Not Published Doctorate Thesis. İstanbul: Marmara University Social Sciences Institute.
  • Dupagne, M. & Kathy A. K. (1992). “Teachers’ Attitudes Toward Computers: A Review Of The
  • Literature”. Journal of Research on Computing in Education. 24 (3), 420–430.
  • Green. S.B., Salkind. N. J. & Akey. T.M. (1997). Using SPSS for Windows Analyzing and Understanding Data. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.
  • Günes, A. (Ed.). (2006). Bilgisayar I: Temel Bilgisayar Becerileri [Computer I Basic Computer Skills ]. Ankara: PegemA.
  • Gurcan N., A. and Ceyhan. E. (2002). Bilgisayar Kaygısı (Universite Ogrencileri Uzerine Bir Calısma) [Computer Anxiety (Study upon University Students)]. Eskişehir: Anadolu University Publications, No. 1353.
  • Gurcan. A. (2005). “Bilgisayar Ozyeterliliği Algisi ile Bilissel Ogrenme Stratejileri Arasındaki Iliski [The Relationship Between Computer Self Sufficency Perception And Cognitive Leraning Strategies]”, Educational Researches Journal. 5 (1), 179-193.
  • Hisli. N. (1989). “Back Depresyon Envanteri’nin Universite Ogrencileri Icin Gecerliligi, Guvenirligi [Reliabiliy and Validiy of Beck Depresssion Inventory’s for University Students ]”,Psychology Journal. 7 (23), 3-13.
  • Imer, G. and Bayrak, N. (2000). “Okul Yöneticilerinin Okul Yönetimi ve Hizmetlerinde Bilgisayar Kullanımına Iliskin Gorusleri [View of School Administrators Related to Computer Usage for School Management and Tasks]”, II. Ulusal Ogretmen Yetistirme Sempozyumu [II. Teacher Breeding National Symposium. Canakkale: Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Egitim Faculty Publications. 785-790.
  • Kalayci. S. (2005). SPSS Uygulamalı Cok Degiskenli Istatistik Teknikleri [Statistic Techniques with SPSS Application and Many Variables]. Ankara: Asil.
  • Kass, R.A., & Tinsley, H. E. A. (1979). “Factor analysis”, Journal of Leisure Research. 11, 120- 138.
  • Kline. P. (1994). An Easy Guide to Factor Analysis. London: Routledge.
  • Maurer, M. M. and Simonson, M. R. (Winter 1993-94). “The reduction of computer anxiety: ıts relation to relaxation training, previous computer coursework, achievement, and need for cognition”, Journal of Research on Computing in Education. 26 (2), 205-219.
  • Ozer, B. (Ed.) (1998). Cagdas Egitimde Cagdas Teknolojiler [Contemporary Technologies in Contemporary Education]. Eskisehir: Anadolu University Open Education Faculty Publications, Degree Completion Program in Primary School Teacher Education.
  • Savasır. I. and Sahin. N.H. (1997).Bilissel-Davranısci Terapilerde Degerlendirme: Sik Kullanılan Olcekler [Evaluation in Cognitive and Behavioural Theraphies : Frequently used scales]. Ankara: Turkısh Psychologist Association Publications.
  • Yilmaz, A. (2005). “Egitim Yonetiminde Bilgisayarlardan Faydalanmanin Avantajlari ve Dezavantajlari [The advantages and disadvanteges of computer usage in education management]”. National Education. 33, 166.
Year 2008, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 45 - 58, 01.09.2008

Abstract

References

  • Alkan, C. (1998). Egitim Teknolojisi [Educational Technology]. Ankara: Ani yayincilik.
  • Altun, S. A. (2000). “Okul Yöneticilerinin Bilgisayar Kullanma Düzeyleri [The Level of Computer Usage of Educational Administrators]”,Educational Researches. 1, 10–16.
  • Buyukozturk, S. (2002). Sosyal Bilimler Icin Veri Analizi El Kitabı [Data analysis handbook for Social Sciences]. Second Edition. Ankara: PegemA.
  • Ceyhan. E. ve Gurcan N., A. (2000). “Bilgisayar Kaygısı Olcegi (BKO): Geçerlik ve Guvenirlik Calısması [Computer Anxiety Scale (BKO): Reliability and Validity Studies]”. Anadolu University Educational Faculty Journal. 10 (2), 77–93.
  • Celikten, M. (2002). “Okul Mudurlerinin Bilgisayar Kullanma Becerileri” [Computer Usage Skills of School Principals]. National Education. 155-156, 182-190.
  • Deniz, L. (1994). “Bilgisayar Tutum Olceği (BTO-M)’nin Gecerlik, Guvenirlik, Norm Calısması ve Ornek Bir Uygulama [Validity and Reliability Norm Studies of (BTO-M) Computer Attitude Scale and Application]”. Not Published Doctorate Thesis. İstanbul: Marmara University Social Sciences Institute.
  • Dupagne, M. & Kathy A. K. (1992). “Teachers’ Attitudes Toward Computers: A Review Of The
  • Literature”. Journal of Research on Computing in Education. 24 (3), 420–430.
  • Green. S.B., Salkind. N. J. & Akey. T.M. (1997). Using SPSS for Windows Analyzing and Understanding Data. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.
  • Günes, A. (Ed.). (2006). Bilgisayar I: Temel Bilgisayar Becerileri [Computer I Basic Computer Skills ]. Ankara: PegemA.
  • Gurcan N., A. and Ceyhan. E. (2002). Bilgisayar Kaygısı (Universite Ogrencileri Uzerine Bir Calısma) [Computer Anxiety (Study upon University Students)]. Eskişehir: Anadolu University Publications, No. 1353.
  • Gurcan. A. (2005). “Bilgisayar Ozyeterliliği Algisi ile Bilissel Ogrenme Stratejileri Arasındaki Iliski [The Relationship Between Computer Self Sufficency Perception And Cognitive Leraning Strategies]”, Educational Researches Journal. 5 (1), 179-193.
  • Hisli. N. (1989). “Back Depresyon Envanteri’nin Universite Ogrencileri Icin Gecerliligi, Guvenirligi [Reliabiliy and Validiy of Beck Depresssion Inventory’s for University Students ]”,Psychology Journal. 7 (23), 3-13.
  • Imer, G. and Bayrak, N. (2000). “Okul Yöneticilerinin Okul Yönetimi ve Hizmetlerinde Bilgisayar Kullanımına Iliskin Gorusleri [View of School Administrators Related to Computer Usage for School Management and Tasks]”, II. Ulusal Ogretmen Yetistirme Sempozyumu [II. Teacher Breeding National Symposium. Canakkale: Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Egitim Faculty Publications. 785-790.
  • Kalayci. S. (2005). SPSS Uygulamalı Cok Degiskenli Istatistik Teknikleri [Statistic Techniques with SPSS Application and Many Variables]. Ankara: Asil.
  • Kass, R.A., & Tinsley, H. E. A. (1979). “Factor analysis”, Journal of Leisure Research. 11, 120- 138.
  • Kline. P. (1994). An Easy Guide to Factor Analysis. London: Routledge.
  • Maurer, M. M. and Simonson, M. R. (Winter 1993-94). “The reduction of computer anxiety: ıts relation to relaxation training, previous computer coursework, achievement, and need for cognition”, Journal of Research on Computing in Education. 26 (2), 205-219.
  • Ozer, B. (Ed.) (1998). Cagdas Egitimde Cagdas Teknolojiler [Contemporary Technologies in Contemporary Education]. Eskisehir: Anadolu University Open Education Faculty Publications, Degree Completion Program in Primary School Teacher Education.
  • Savasır. I. and Sahin. N.H. (1997).Bilissel-Davranısci Terapilerde Degerlendirme: Sik Kullanılan Olcekler [Evaluation in Cognitive and Behavioural Theraphies : Frequently used scales]. Ankara: Turkısh Psychologist Association Publications.
  • Yilmaz, A. (2005). “Egitim Yonetiminde Bilgisayarlardan Faydalanmanin Avantajlari ve Dezavantajlari [The advantages and disadvanteges of computer usage in education management]”. National Education. 33, 166.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Esmahan Agaoglu This is me

Esra Ceyhan This is me

A. Aykut Ceyhan This is me

Yucel Sımsek

Publication Date September 1, 2008
Submission Date February 27, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2008 Volume: 9 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Agaoglu, E., Ceyhan, E., Ceyhan, A. A., Sımsek, Y. (2008). The Validity And Reliability Studies Of The Computer 
Anxiety Scale On Educational Administrators (Cas-Ea). Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 9(3), 45-58.