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Web 2.0 Learning Platform: Harnessing Collective Intelligence

Year 2007, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 16 - 33, 01.09.2007

Abstract

The rate of technological diffusion and the pace at which technology is altering how and with whom we connect is astounding. Although not at the same pace, theoretical views of learning and teaching are also changing. Whereas much of the initial e-learning simply patterned old models of teaching and learning, the new technological possibilities and realities encourage us to think differently about what is meant by education (Brown, 2000). In this paper, we provide a stepping stone in some of the theoretical background, history, and possibilities for learning systems and platforms in the Web 2.0 era. We share a case study that reflects the experiences of a small university that is moving towards E-Learning 2.0 while simultaneously increasing interoperability by using e-learning standards reflected in the widely-used reference model called SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model). We also highlight the strengths and weaknesses of SCORM in allowing for learning management systems to have a Web 2.0 character.

References

  • Beck, R.J. (2003). Online list of learning object collections. Retrieved February 2, from the World Wide Web: http://www.uwm.edu/Dept/CIE/AOP/LO_collections.html
  • Blackmon, B. (2007). ADL and SCORM Update. Presented at the ID+SCORM conference, Provo, UT.
  • Blumen, R. (2003). Knowledge Capitalism: Business, work, and learning in the new economy. Economic Affairs 23(3), 58–59.
  • Brown, J.S. (2000). Growing Up Digital: How the Web Changes Work, Education, and the Ways People Learn. Change. Retrieved from http://www.johnseelybrown.com/speeches.html#digitalage on 1/31/2007.
  • Brown, J.S., Collins, A., & Duguid, P. (1989). Situated cognition and the culture of learning. Educational Researcher, 18(1), 32-42.
  • Bush, M. D. (2002). Connecting Instructional Design to International Standards for
  • Content Reusability, Educational Technology, 42(6), 5-13. Retrieved from http://arclite.byu.edu/digital/edtechscorm.htm on 6/13/2007.
  • Carnevale, D. 2006. E-Mail is for old people. The Chronicle of Higher Education. 53(7): A27.
  • Collins, A., Brown, J.S., & Newman, S.E. (1989). Cognitive apprenticeship: Teaching the crafts of reading, writing, and mathematics. In L.B. Resnick (Ed.), Knowing, learning, and instruction: Essays in honor of Robert Glaser (pp. 453-494). Hillsdale,
  • NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Downes, S. (2003). Commentary: Design, Standards and Reusability. Retrieved from http://www.downes.ca/cgi-bin/page.cgi?post=54 on 6/13/2007.
  • Downes, S. (2006). Learning Networks and Connective Knowledge. IT Forum.
  • Retrieved on Jan 29, 2007 from the World Wide Web: http://it.coe.uga.edu/itforum/Previous.html
  • Duke Digital Initiative. (2006). iPods at Duke. Retrieved from http://www.duke.edu/ddi/projects/ipod.html
  • Ferris, S. P., & Wilder, H. (2006). Uses and potentials of wikis in the classroom.
  • Innovate 2 (5). Retrieved from http://www.innovateonline.info/index.php?view=article&id=258 on 6/14/2007.
  • Glogoff, S. (2005). Instructional blogging: Promoting interactivity, student-centered learning, and peer input. Innovate 1 (5). Retrieved http://www.innovateonline.info/index.php?view=article&id=126 on 6/14/2007.
  • Hodgins, H. W. (2000). Into the future: A vision paper. Commission on Technology and Adult Learning. Retrieved from http://www.learnativity.com/download/MP7.PDF on 6/13/2007.
  • Hylen, J. (2006). Open Educational Resources: Opportunities and Challenges.
  • Presented at OpenEd 2006, Logan, UT. Retrieved from http://cosl.usu.edu/conferences/opened2006/program/ on 1/29/2007.
  • Inouye, D. (2004). Learning and teaching in the latter-days: A general education in honors experiment. Retrieved from http://education.byu.edu/ipt/php/employmentDB/viewSpecific.php?id=155 on /28/2007.
  • Lave, J. & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation.
  • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Lohnes, S., & Kinzer, C. (2007). Questioning Assumptions about Student’s
  • Expectations for Technology in College Classrooms. Innovate 3 (5). Retrieved from http://innovateonline.info/index.php?view=article&id=431 on 6/14/2007.
  • Masie (2003). Making Sense of Learning Specifications & Standards: A decision maker’s guide to their adoption, version 2. The MASIE Center. Saratoga Springs, New
  • York. Retrieved from http://www.masie.com/standards/s3_2nd_edition.pdf. on /13/2007.
  • Mejias, U. (2006). Teaching social software with social software. Innovate 2 (5).
  • Retrieved from http://www.innovateonline.info/index.php?view=article&id=260 on /14/2007.
  • Miller, G., Galanter, E., & Pribram, K. (1960). Plans and the Structure of Behavior.
  • New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. Oblinger, D., & Oblinger, J. (Eds.). (2005). Educating the Net Generation. Boulder, CO:
  • EDUCAUSE. Retrieved from http://www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/pub7101.pdf on 6/14/2007.
  • O’Hear, S. (2006). e-learning 2.0 - how Web technologies are shaping education.
  • Read/Write Web. Retrieved February 3, 2007 from the World Wide Web: http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/e-learning_20.php
  • O’Reilly, T. (2005). What Is Web 2.0: Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software. Retrieved from http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web- html on 2/02/2007.
  • Parish, P. (2004) The Trouble with Learning Objects. Educational Technology
  • Research and Development 52(1). Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants. On the Horizon 9 (5).
  • Retrieved from http://www.marcprensky.com/writing on 6/14/2007.
  • Pylyshyn, Z. W. (1984). Computation and Cognition: Toward a Foundation for
  • Cognitive Science. Cambridge: MIT Press. Reigeluth, C. M. (1994) Introduction: The imperative for systemic change. In
  • Reigeluth, C. M. & Garfinkle, R. J. (Eds.) Systemic Change in Education. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Educational Technology Publications, pp. 3-12. Reusable Learning. (2007). Reusable Learning:SCORM Primer. Retrieved from http://www.reusablelearning.org/index.asp?id=78 on 6/13/2007.
  • Roberts, G. (2005). Technology and learning expectations of the Net Generation. In
  • Educating the Net Generation, eds. D. Oblinger and J. Oblinger, 3.1-3.7. Boulder, CO: EDUCAUSE. Retrieved from http://www.educause.edu/EducatingtheNetGeneration/5989 on 6/14/2007.
  • Rogers, P.C., Liddle, S.W., Allen, C. (2007, May). Moving from E-Learning 1.0 to E
  • Learning 2.0: A global community learning platform. Presented at the 11th Annual Global Chinese Conference on Computers in Education, Guanzhou, China. Rumelhart, D. E., McClelland, J.L., & the PDP Research Group. (1986). Parallel
  • Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition. Vol. 1: Foundations. Cambridge: MIT Press. SCORM 2004 3rd Ed. – CAM. Retrieved from www.adlnet.gov on 2/11/2007.
  • Searle, J. (1984). Mind, Brains and Science. London: British Broadcasting Corporation.
  • Siemens, G. (2004). Connectivism: A Learning Theory for the Digital Age.
  • Elearnspace. Retrieved on February 3, 2007 from the World Wide Web: http://www.elearnspace.org/Articles/connectivism.htm
  • Skinner, B. F. (1968) The Technology of Teaching. New York: Appleton-Century- Crofts.
  • Skinner, B. F. (1972) Beyond Freedom and Dignity. New York: Knopf.
  • Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2002). Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/connectionism/ on 2/03/2007.
  • Tapscott, D. & Williams, A.D. (2006) Wikinomics: How mass collaboration changes everything. New York: Penguin Books.
  • Thompson, J. (2007). Is Education 1.0 Ready for Web 2.0 Students? Innovate 3 (4).
  • Retrieved from http://innovateonline.info/index.php?view=article&id=393 on /14/2007.
  • Wikipedia.com. 2006. Web 2.0. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2 on 6/14/2007.
  • Wiley, D. A. (2000). “Connecting learning objects to instructional design theory: A definition, a metaphor, and a taxonomy,” in D. A. Wiley, ed., The Instructional Use of
  • Learning Objects: Online Version. Retrieved from http://reusability.org/read/chapters/wiley.doc
Year 2007, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 16 - 33, 01.09.2007

Abstract

References

  • Beck, R.J. (2003). Online list of learning object collections. Retrieved February 2, from the World Wide Web: http://www.uwm.edu/Dept/CIE/AOP/LO_collections.html
  • Blackmon, B. (2007). ADL and SCORM Update. Presented at the ID+SCORM conference, Provo, UT.
  • Blumen, R. (2003). Knowledge Capitalism: Business, work, and learning in the new economy. Economic Affairs 23(3), 58–59.
  • Brown, J.S. (2000). Growing Up Digital: How the Web Changes Work, Education, and the Ways People Learn. Change. Retrieved from http://www.johnseelybrown.com/speeches.html#digitalage on 1/31/2007.
  • Brown, J.S., Collins, A., & Duguid, P. (1989). Situated cognition and the culture of learning. Educational Researcher, 18(1), 32-42.
  • Bush, M. D. (2002). Connecting Instructional Design to International Standards for
  • Content Reusability, Educational Technology, 42(6), 5-13. Retrieved from http://arclite.byu.edu/digital/edtechscorm.htm on 6/13/2007.
  • Carnevale, D. 2006. E-Mail is for old people. The Chronicle of Higher Education. 53(7): A27.
  • Collins, A., Brown, J.S., & Newman, S.E. (1989). Cognitive apprenticeship: Teaching the crafts of reading, writing, and mathematics. In L.B. Resnick (Ed.), Knowing, learning, and instruction: Essays in honor of Robert Glaser (pp. 453-494). Hillsdale,
  • NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Downes, S. (2003). Commentary: Design, Standards and Reusability. Retrieved from http://www.downes.ca/cgi-bin/page.cgi?post=54 on 6/13/2007.
  • Downes, S. (2006). Learning Networks and Connective Knowledge. IT Forum.
  • Retrieved on Jan 29, 2007 from the World Wide Web: http://it.coe.uga.edu/itforum/Previous.html
  • Duke Digital Initiative. (2006). iPods at Duke. Retrieved from http://www.duke.edu/ddi/projects/ipod.html
  • Ferris, S. P., & Wilder, H. (2006). Uses and potentials of wikis in the classroom.
  • Innovate 2 (5). Retrieved from http://www.innovateonline.info/index.php?view=article&id=258 on 6/14/2007.
  • Glogoff, S. (2005). Instructional blogging: Promoting interactivity, student-centered learning, and peer input. Innovate 1 (5). Retrieved http://www.innovateonline.info/index.php?view=article&id=126 on 6/14/2007.
  • Hodgins, H. W. (2000). Into the future: A vision paper. Commission on Technology and Adult Learning. Retrieved from http://www.learnativity.com/download/MP7.PDF on 6/13/2007.
  • Hylen, J. (2006). Open Educational Resources: Opportunities and Challenges.
  • Presented at OpenEd 2006, Logan, UT. Retrieved from http://cosl.usu.edu/conferences/opened2006/program/ on 1/29/2007.
  • Inouye, D. (2004). Learning and teaching in the latter-days: A general education in honors experiment. Retrieved from http://education.byu.edu/ipt/php/employmentDB/viewSpecific.php?id=155 on /28/2007.
  • Lave, J. & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation.
  • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Lohnes, S., & Kinzer, C. (2007). Questioning Assumptions about Student’s
  • Expectations for Technology in College Classrooms. Innovate 3 (5). Retrieved from http://innovateonline.info/index.php?view=article&id=431 on 6/14/2007.
  • Masie (2003). Making Sense of Learning Specifications & Standards: A decision maker’s guide to their adoption, version 2. The MASIE Center. Saratoga Springs, New
  • York. Retrieved from http://www.masie.com/standards/s3_2nd_edition.pdf. on /13/2007.
  • Mejias, U. (2006). Teaching social software with social software. Innovate 2 (5).
  • Retrieved from http://www.innovateonline.info/index.php?view=article&id=260 on /14/2007.
  • Miller, G., Galanter, E., & Pribram, K. (1960). Plans and the Structure of Behavior.
  • New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. Oblinger, D., & Oblinger, J. (Eds.). (2005). Educating the Net Generation. Boulder, CO:
  • EDUCAUSE. Retrieved from http://www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/pub7101.pdf on 6/14/2007.
  • O’Hear, S. (2006). e-learning 2.0 - how Web technologies are shaping education.
  • Read/Write Web. Retrieved February 3, 2007 from the World Wide Web: http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/e-learning_20.php
  • O’Reilly, T. (2005). What Is Web 2.0: Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software. Retrieved from http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web- html on 2/02/2007.
  • Parish, P. (2004) The Trouble with Learning Objects. Educational Technology
  • Research and Development 52(1). Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants. On the Horizon 9 (5).
  • Retrieved from http://www.marcprensky.com/writing on 6/14/2007.
  • Pylyshyn, Z. W. (1984). Computation and Cognition: Toward a Foundation for
  • Cognitive Science. Cambridge: MIT Press. Reigeluth, C. M. (1994) Introduction: The imperative for systemic change. In
  • Reigeluth, C. M. & Garfinkle, R. J. (Eds.) Systemic Change in Education. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Educational Technology Publications, pp. 3-12. Reusable Learning. (2007). Reusable Learning:SCORM Primer. Retrieved from http://www.reusablelearning.org/index.asp?id=78 on 6/13/2007.
  • Roberts, G. (2005). Technology and learning expectations of the Net Generation. In
  • Educating the Net Generation, eds. D. Oblinger and J. Oblinger, 3.1-3.7. Boulder, CO: EDUCAUSE. Retrieved from http://www.educause.edu/EducatingtheNetGeneration/5989 on 6/14/2007.
  • Rogers, P.C., Liddle, S.W., Allen, C. (2007, May). Moving from E-Learning 1.0 to E
  • Learning 2.0: A global community learning platform. Presented at the 11th Annual Global Chinese Conference on Computers in Education, Guanzhou, China. Rumelhart, D. E., McClelland, J.L., & the PDP Research Group. (1986). Parallel
  • Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition. Vol. 1: Foundations. Cambridge: MIT Press. SCORM 2004 3rd Ed. – CAM. Retrieved from www.adlnet.gov on 2/11/2007.
  • Searle, J. (1984). Mind, Brains and Science. London: British Broadcasting Corporation.
  • Siemens, G. (2004). Connectivism: A Learning Theory for the Digital Age.
  • Elearnspace. Retrieved on February 3, 2007 from the World Wide Web: http://www.elearnspace.org/Articles/connectivism.htm
  • Skinner, B. F. (1968) The Technology of Teaching. New York: Appleton-Century- Crofts.
  • Skinner, B. F. (1972) Beyond Freedom and Dignity. New York: Knopf.
  • Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2002). Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/connectionism/ on 2/03/2007.
  • Tapscott, D. & Williams, A.D. (2006) Wikinomics: How mass collaboration changes everything. New York: Penguin Books.
  • Thompson, J. (2007). Is Education 1.0 Ready for Web 2.0 Students? Innovate 3 (4).
  • Retrieved from http://innovateonline.info/index.php?view=article&id=393 on /14/2007.
  • Wikipedia.com. 2006. Web 2.0. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2 on 6/14/2007.
  • Wiley, D. A. (2000). “Connecting learning objects to instructional design theory: A definition, a metaphor, and a taxonomy,” in D. A. Wiley, ed., The Instructional Use of
  • Learning Objects: Online Version. Retrieved from http://reusability.org/read/chapters/wiley.doc
There are 56 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

P. Clint Rogers This is me

Stephen W. Lıddle This is me

Peter Chan This is me

Aaron Doxey This is me

Brady Isom This is me

Publication Date September 1, 2007
Submission Date February 27, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2007 Volume: 8 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Rogers, P. C., Lıddle, S. W., Chan, P., Doxey, A., et al. (2007). Web 2.0 Learning Platform: Harnessing Collective Intelligence. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 8(3), 16-33.