2022 DÜNYA KUPASI’NDA BAĞIL YAŞ ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Year 2023, , 224 - 236, 30.04.2023

Mehmet Kara , Idris Demirsoy

https://doi.org/10.22282/tojras.1267530

Abstract

Bağıl yaş etkisi (BYE) sporda rekabet açısından dezavantaj oluşturan bir durum olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu çalışma 2022 dünya kupasına katılan takımlarda bağıl yaş etkisinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya Katar’da düzenlenen 2022 Dünya Kupasına katılma hakkı elde eden 32 takımdan 831 profesyonel futbolcu dahil edilmiştir. Futbolculara ait bilgiler erişime açık olan FİFA’nın resmi web sitesinden, katılan ülkelerin resmi web sitelerinden, ayrıca transfermarkt ve tamamen ulusal takımlar ile ilgili bilgilerin olduğu web sitesinden (national football teams) elde edilmiştir. Futbolculara ait doğum aylarına göre beklenen ve gözlenen dağılımlar arasındaki farkları analiz etmek için ki-kare ve olasılık oranı testleri kullanılmıştır. Beklenen sıklıklar, yıl boyunca doğum oranlarının eşit dağıldığı varsayımından yola çıkılarak çeyrek başına %25 olarak alınmıştır. Ki-kare testinde bulunan değerlerin etki büyüklüğünü ölçmek için Cramer’s V kullanılmıştır. Istatistiksel analizler R programlamada yapılmıştır. Elde edilen araştırma bulgularına bakıldığında, 2022 Dünya Kupasına katılan takımlarda bağıl yaş etkisinin görüldüğü, profesyonel futbolcuların doğdukları aylara göre çeyrek yıl ve yarım yıl dağılımları arasında anlamlı bir istatistiksel farklılık olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Profesyonel futbolcular mevkilere göre değerlendiğinde; orta saha mevkisinde oynayan futbolcuların çeyrek yıl dağılımları açısından anlamlı bir istatistiksel farklılık olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Diğer mevkilerin (kaleci-defans-forvet) çeyrek yıl dağılımlarında anlamlı bir farklılık olmadığı gözlemlenmiştir. Profesyonel futbolcuların mevkilere göre yarım yıl dağılımlarına göre, kaleci ve orta saha mevkisinde oynayan futbolcuların yarım yıl dağılımları açısından anlamlı bir istatistiksel farklılık olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Diğer mevkilerin (defans-forvet) yarım yıl dağılımları açısından ise; anlamlı bir istatistiksel farklılık olmadığı gözlemlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak; futbolda en üst seviyede (Dünya Kupası-Ulusal Takım) dahi bağıl yaş etkisinin olduğu görülmektedir.

Keywords

Profesyonel futbolcu, Bağıl yaş etkisi, 2022 Dünya Kupası

EXAMINATION OF RELATIVE AGE EFFECT IN 2022 WORLD CUP

Abstract

The relative age effect (RAE) is considered a disadvantage in terms of competition in sports. This study was carried out to examine the RAE in the 2022 World Cup. There were 831 professional footballers in the study from 32 teams that qualified for the World Cup in Qatar. Information about the players is obtained from the official website of FIFA, which is open to access, from the official websites of the participating countries, and from a website where there is information about ultimately national teams and from transfermarkt. Chi-square and odds ratio tests were used to analyze the differences between expected and observed distributions according to the birth months of the football players. The expected frequencies are taken as 25% per quarter, based on the assumption that birth rates are evenly distributed throughout the year. Cramer's V was used to measure the effect size of the values found in the chi-square test. All analyzes were performed using the R programming. The RAE is seen in the teams participating in the 2022 World Cup, and there is a statistically significant difference between the quarter-year and half-year distributions of professional football players according to the months they were born. When professional football players are evaluated according to their positions; There is a statistically significant difference in terms of the quarter-year distribution of football players playing in the midfield position. The quarterly distribution of other positions (goalkeeper-defender-forward); there was no statistically significant difference. There is a statistically significant difference in the half-year distribution of professional football players according to the positions, and the half-year distributions of the football players playing in the goalkeeper and midfield positions. Half-year distributions of other positions, there was no statistically significant difference. In conclusion, there is a relative age effect even at the highest level in football.

Keywords

Professional football player, Relative age effect, 2022 World Cup

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