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DUNS SCOTUS, OCKHAMLI WILLIAM VE JEAN BURIDAN’DA KİMERALAR VE MANTIKSAL OLANAK

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 259 - 270, 28.03.2025

Abstract

Bu çalışmada ortaçağ filozofları Duns Scotus, Ockhamlı William ve Jean Buridan’ın varlık-olmayan ve mantıksal olanak ilişkisi farklı hayvan parçalarından kompoze edilmiş hayali bir varlık olan kimera üzerinden tartışılmaktadır. Öncelikle bu tartışmanın zeminini oluşturması dolayısıyla Aristoteles’in “Varlık-olmayan varlık-olmayandır” yargısının çerçevesi incelenmekte ve varlık-olmayan entitelerin mantıksal olanağı gözden geçirilmektedir. Aristoteles’te mantıksal olanak ve özdeşlik, metafizik olanağa bağlı olmakla birlikte filozof var olmayan nesnelerin düşünülebileceği fikrindedir. Ortaçağ felsefesinde varlık-olmayanın bir temsili olarak görülen kimera, zihne bağlı bir kurgu statüsündedir. Scotus mantıksal olanağı çelişki ve bir şey ve gerçek olmaya uygun olma üzerinden ele alarak kimeranın mantıksal olarak olanaksız olduğunu savunur. Düşünülebilme konusunda Scotus Aristoteles’i takip eder. Ockhamlı William kimerayı, yerine geçme (suppositio) ve imlem (significatio) teorileri üzerinden inceleyerek kimeraların olanaksızlığını metafiziksel açıdan değerlendirir. Jean Buridan ise Ockhamlı William’ın yerine geçme teorisini kullanarak kimeraların varlığı, mantıksal olanağı ve özdeşliği açısından radikal bir yerde durur.

References

  • Aristoteles (1996) Metafizik. çev. Ahmet Arslan. 2. bs. İstanbul. Sosyal Yay.
  • Aristoteles. (2002) Kategoriler. çev. Saffet Babür. Ankara. İmge Kitabevi.
  • Aristoteles (2002) Yorum Üzerine. çev. Saffet Babür. Ankara. İmge Kitabevi. Boehner, P. (1948). The Metaphysics of William Ockham. The Review of Metaphysics, pp. 59-86.
  • Buridan, J. Summualae de Dialectica, trans. Gyula Klima, Yale UP, 2001.
  • Buridan, J., Jean Buridan’s Logic: The Treatise on Supposition The Treatise on Consequences. çev. Peter King, 1985.
  • Buridan, J., Treatise on Consequences. çev. Stephen Read. Fordham UP, 2015
  • Cross, R. (2023, August). Esse intentionale in Some Early Scotists. içinde Cognitive Issues in the Long Scotist Tradition (pp. 205-228). Schwabe Verlag.
  • Çotuksöken, B., & Babür, S. (1993). Ortaçağda felsefe. Kabalcı Yayınevi.
  • Klima, G. Ontological Alternatives vs. Alternative Semantics.
  • de Ockham, Guillelmi (1970). Opera Theologica II. St. Bonaventure. N. Y.
  • de Ockham, Guillelmi (1974). Opera Philosophica I. St. Bonaventure. N. Y.
  • Ockham, Ockham's Theory of Propositions. çev. A.J. Freddoso and H. Schuurman. St. Augustine's Press, 1998.
  • Ockham. "Ockham's theory of terms. çev. Michael J. Loux, University of Notre Dame Press. 1974.
  • Pasnau, I. R. (2020, July). Medieval modal spaces. In Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume (Vol. 94, No. 1, pp. 225-254). Oxford University Press.
  • Pelletier, J. (2013). William Ockham on Metaphysics (Vol. 109). Brill.
  • Pini, G. (2002). Categories and logic in Duns Scotus: An interpretation of Aristotle’s categories in the late thirteenth century (Vol. 77). Brill.
  • Pini, G. (2012). Scotus and Avicenna on What it is to Be a Thing (Vol. 7, p. 365). Için de The Arabic, Hebrew and Latin Reception of Avicenna’s Metaphysics edited by Dag Nikolaus Hasse and Amos Bertolacci. Walter de Gruyter.
  • Ross, D. (2005). Aristotle, Routledge, Taylor & Francis e-Library.
  • Scoti, Iohannis Duns (1950) Opera Omnia. II. Civitas Vaticana.
  • Scoti, Iohannis Duns (1962). Opera Omnia, VI, Civitas Vaticana.
  • Scoti, Iohannis Duns (1973). Opera Omnia. VII. Civitas Vaticana.
  • Iohannis Duns Scoti (2001). Opera Omnia. VIII. Civitas Vaticana.
  • Scotus, D. (1998). Questions on the Metaphysics of Aristotle. Çev. Girard J. Etzkorn ve Allan B. Wolter, O.F.M. Franciscan Institute Publications.
  • Spade, P. V. (2002). Thoughts, words and things: An introduction to late mediaeval logic and semantic theory. Copyright by Paul Vincent Spade.

CHIMERAS AND LOGICAL POSSIBILITY IN DUNS SCOTUS, WILLIAM OF OCKHAM AND JEAN BURIDAN

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 259 - 270, 28.03.2025

Abstract

This article discusses the relation between non-being and the logical possibility of the medieval philosophers Duns Scotus, William of Ockham, and Jean Buridan through the chimera, an imaginary being composed of different animal parts. Firstly, the framework of Aristotle's judgment “Non-being is non-being” as the groundwork will be examined for this discussion. It will also review the logical possibility of non-beings in his philosophy. In Aristotle, logical possibility and identity depend on metaphysical possibility, but the philosopher thinks that non-beings are opinionable. In medieval philosophy, the chimera, seen as a representation of the non-being, is considered a mind-dependent fiction. Scotus argues that the chimera is logically impossible by assessing the logical possibility in terms of contradiction and being suitable for being something and being real. He follows Aristotle in terms of being opinable. William of Ockham analyzes the chimera through the theories of suppositio and significatio and evaluates the impossibility of chimeras from a metaphysical perspective. By using William of Ockham's theory of substitution, Buridan takes a radical stance on chimera’s being, logical possibility, and logical identity.

References

  • Aristoteles (1996) Metafizik. çev. Ahmet Arslan. 2. bs. İstanbul. Sosyal Yay.
  • Aristoteles. (2002) Kategoriler. çev. Saffet Babür. Ankara. İmge Kitabevi.
  • Aristoteles (2002) Yorum Üzerine. çev. Saffet Babür. Ankara. İmge Kitabevi. Boehner, P. (1948). The Metaphysics of William Ockham. The Review of Metaphysics, pp. 59-86.
  • Buridan, J. Summualae de Dialectica, trans. Gyula Klima, Yale UP, 2001.
  • Buridan, J., Jean Buridan’s Logic: The Treatise on Supposition The Treatise on Consequences. çev. Peter King, 1985.
  • Buridan, J., Treatise on Consequences. çev. Stephen Read. Fordham UP, 2015
  • Cross, R. (2023, August). Esse intentionale in Some Early Scotists. içinde Cognitive Issues in the Long Scotist Tradition (pp. 205-228). Schwabe Verlag.
  • Çotuksöken, B., & Babür, S. (1993). Ortaçağda felsefe. Kabalcı Yayınevi.
  • Klima, G. Ontological Alternatives vs. Alternative Semantics.
  • de Ockham, Guillelmi (1970). Opera Theologica II. St. Bonaventure. N. Y.
  • de Ockham, Guillelmi (1974). Opera Philosophica I. St. Bonaventure. N. Y.
  • Ockham, Ockham's Theory of Propositions. çev. A.J. Freddoso and H. Schuurman. St. Augustine's Press, 1998.
  • Ockham. "Ockham's theory of terms. çev. Michael J. Loux, University of Notre Dame Press. 1974.
  • Pasnau, I. R. (2020, July). Medieval modal spaces. In Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume (Vol. 94, No. 1, pp. 225-254). Oxford University Press.
  • Pelletier, J. (2013). William Ockham on Metaphysics (Vol. 109). Brill.
  • Pini, G. (2002). Categories and logic in Duns Scotus: An interpretation of Aristotle’s categories in the late thirteenth century (Vol. 77). Brill.
  • Pini, G. (2012). Scotus and Avicenna on What it is to Be a Thing (Vol. 7, p. 365). Için de The Arabic, Hebrew and Latin Reception of Avicenna’s Metaphysics edited by Dag Nikolaus Hasse and Amos Bertolacci. Walter de Gruyter.
  • Ross, D. (2005). Aristotle, Routledge, Taylor & Francis e-Library.
  • Scoti, Iohannis Duns (1950) Opera Omnia. II. Civitas Vaticana.
  • Scoti, Iohannis Duns (1962). Opera Omnia, VI, Civitas Vaticana.
  • Scoti, Iohannis Duns (1973). Opera Omnia. VII. Civitas Vaticana.
  • Iohannis Duns Scoti (2001). Opera Omnia. VIII. Civitas Vaticana.
  • Scotus, D. (1998). Questions on the Metaphysics of Aristotle. Çev. Girard J. Etzkorn ve Allan B. Wolter, O.F.M. Franciscan Institute Publications.
  • Spade, P. V. (2002). Thoughts, words and things: An introduction to late mediaeval logic and semantic theory. Copyright by Paul Vincent Spade.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects History of Philosophy (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Esma Kayar 0000-0001-8429-4402

Publication Date March 28, 2025
Submission Date February 22, 2025
Acceptance Date March 17, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kayar, E. (2025). DUNS SCOTUS, OCKHAMLI WILLIAM VE JEAN BURIDAN’DA KİMERALAR VE MANTIKSAL OLANAK. Uluslararası Toplumsal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(1), 259-270.