Farklı Yağış Yoğunluğu Altında Geçirimsiz Toprakta Akış ve Sediment Simülasyonu

Year 2021, Volume: Özel Sayı , 46 - 55, 29.01.2021

Reyhanehsadat Mousavizadeh Sayyed Hassan Tabatabaeı , Negar Nourmahnad Sinan Aras

https://doi.org/10.21657/topraksu.700846

Abstract

Yağış yoğunluğu ve toprak geçirimsizliğinin, yüzey akış oluşumu ve toprak erozyonunu üzerine etkileri tam olarak anlaşılamamıştır. Bu iki faktör yüzey akışı ve ilişkili olarak sedimenti etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada, farklı hidrofobiklik seviyeleri altında ve aynı zamanda farklı yapay yağış yoğunluklarına göre yüzey akış ve sediment verimini simüle etmek için “Advanced Hydrological Investigations (AHI)” adlı fiziksel bir model kullanılmıştır. Kumlu tınlı bünyeye sahip bir toprak, beş derece hidrofobiklik elde etmek için farklı yoğunluklarda stearik asit kullanılarak yapay olarak hidrofobikleştirilmiştir. Öte yandan, modelde beş yağış yoğunluğu seviyesi yapay bir yağış olarak kabul edilmiş ve 25 uygulama test edilmiştir. Sonuçlar hidrofibiklik arttığında, yüzey akış hacminde artış, sediment veriminde, derine süzülmede ve suyun havzada toplanma süresinde azalma olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca, toprak geçirimsizlik seviyesinin yükselmesi sediment veriminin düşmesine neden olmuştur. Kontrol konusu ile karşılaştırıldığında(6,5 gr toprak kaybı), aşırı geçirimsiz topraktan 80 litre/saat yağış yoğunluğu altında 2 gr toprak kaybı olmuştur. Hidrofobik toprakta tortu azalmasının olası açıklaması, organik madde içeriği ile pozitif olarak ilişkili olan hidrofobik işlemlerde agrega stabilitesi olabilir.Yüksek derecede geçirimsiz topraklardaki sediment azalması, kurak ve yarı kurak bölgelerde toprak yönetimi politikası olarak düşünülebilir.

Keywords

Hidrofobi, Akış Katsayısı, Derine Sızma, Toprak Yönetimi, Kurak ve Yarı kurak Bölge

Simulation of Runoff and Sediment in a Water Repellent Soil under Different Rainfall Intensity

Abstract

The impact of rainfall intensity and soil water repellence (SWR) on runoff generation and soil erosion are not fully understood. These two factors affect runoff and the related sediment. In this paper, a physical model, “Advanced Hydrological Investigations” (AHI) was employed to simulate runoff and sediment yield under different degree of hydrophobicity level also in respect with different artificial rainfall intensities. A sandy loam soil was artificially hydrophobized using different concentration of stearic acid to achieve five degrees of repellence (hydrophilic as the control). On the other hand, these five levels of artificial rainfall intensity were considered as an artificial rainfall in the  model and finally 25 treatments were tested. The results showed an increase in runoff volume, decrease in sediment yield, and decrease in deep percolation volume and decrease in time of concentration by increasing hydrophobicity. The higher SWR level, the lower sediment yield. It was recorded 2 gr soil loss in extreme repellent soil under 80 l/h rainfall intensity in compare with control treatment of this situation (6.5 gr soil loss). Possible explanation of sediment reduction in hydrophobic soil, could be aggregate stability in hydrophobic treatments which is positively related with organic matter content. Sediment reduction in higher degree of SWR could be considered as soil management policy in arid and semi-arid region.

Keywords

: Hydrophobicity, Runoff coefficient, Deep Percolation, Soil Management, Arid and Semi arid Region

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