Rhinosinusitis in Children and Adults

Abstract

Rhinosinusitis is a common disease all over the world and costs very much on health care services. Acute rhinosinusitis is frequently caused by viruses and treated symptomatically. Diagnosis depends on the clinical and radiologic findings. Bacterial infection should be considered when the symptoms persist beyond ten days. Sinus puncture is the best way for obtaining sinus culture material. Surgical intervention should be reserved for complicating acute rhinosinusitis and chronic rhinosinusitis unresponsive to medical treatment. False diagnosis and treatments cause overuse of antibiotics. Key words: Rhinosinusitis, Child, Adult, Diagnosis, Treatment.

Keywords

• Rhinosinusitis, Child, Adult, Diagnosis, Treatment.

Erişkin ve Çocuklarda Rinosinüzit

Öz

Rinosinüzit tüm dünyada sık görülen ve sağlık harcamalarında önemli yeri olan bir hastalıktır. Akut rinosinüzit sıklıkla viraldir ve tedavisi semptomatik yapılmalıdır. Tanı klinik ve radyolojik bulgulara göre konulur. Şikayetleri onuncu günden sonraya uzayan hastalarda bakteriyel enfeksiyon düşünülmelidir. Bakteriyel ajanı belirlemede en değerli yöntem sinüs ponksiyonu ile kültür alınmasıdır. Cerrahi tedavi komplikasyona giden akut veya medikal tedaviye yanıt vermeyen kronik vakalarda tercih edilmelidir. Teşhis ve tedavide yapılan yanlışlıklar gereksiz antibiyotik kullanımına yol açmaktadır. Anahtar kelimeler: Rinosinüzit, Çocuk, Erişkin, Tanı, Tedavi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Rinosinüzit, Çocuk, Erişkin, Tanı, Tedavi.

References

1. Ashworth M, Charlton J, Ballard K, Latinovic R, Gulliford M. Variations in antibiotic prescribing and consultation rates for acute respiratory infection in UK general practices 1995-2000. Br J Gen Pract 2005;55(517): 603-8.
2. Gonzales R, Steiner JF, Lum A, Barrett PH Jr. Decreasing antibiotic use in ambulatory practice: impact of a multidimensional intervention on the treatment of uncomplicated acute bronchitis in adults. JAMA 1999;28;281(16): 1512-9.
3. Groupe d'Etude des Sinusites Infectieuses (GESI). Current approaches to community-acquired acute maxillary rhinosinusitis or sinusitis in France and literature review. Rhinol Suppl 2001;17:1-38.
4. Schappert SM. Ambulatory care visits to physician offices, hospital outpatient departments, and emergency departments: United States, 1996. Vital Health Stat 13 1998;134:1-37.
5. Fokkens W, Lund V, Bachert C, Clement P, Helllings P, Holmstrom M, Jones N, Kalogjera L, Kennedy D, Kowalski M, Malmberg H, Mullol J, Passali D, Stammberger H, Stierna P; EAACI. EAACI position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps executive summary. Allergy 2005; 60(5): 583-601.
6. Sherrill DL, Guerra S, Cristina Minervini M, Wright AL, Martinez FD. The relation of rhinitis to recurrent cough and wheezing: a longitudinal study. Respir Med 2005;99(11):1377-85.
7. Marple BF, Brunton S, Ferguson BJ. Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis: a review of U.S. treatment guidelines. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2006;135(3):341-8.
8. Benninger MS, Ferguson BJ, Hadley JA, Hamilos DL, Jacobs M, Kennedy DW, Lanza DC, Marple BF, Osguthorpe JD, Stankiewicz JA, Anon J, Denneny J, Emanuel I, Levine H. Adult chronic rhinosinusitis: definitions, diagnosis, epidemiology, and pathophysiology. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003;129(3 Suppl):S1-32.

9. Bousquet J, Van Cauwenberge P, Khaltaev N; Aria Workshop Group; World Health Organization. Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001;108(5 Suppl):S147-334.
10. Karlsson G, Holmberg K. Does allergic rhinitis predispose to sinusitis? Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 1994;515:26-8.
11. Osguthorpe JD. Surgical outcomes in rhinosinusitis: what we know. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999;120(4):451-3.
12. Lane AP, Pine HS, Pillsbury HC 3rd. Allergy testing and immunotherapy in an academic otolaryngology practice: a 20-year review. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2001;124(1):9-15.
13. Lusk R. Pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2006;14(6):393-6.
14. Ilki A, Ulger N, Inanli S, Ozer E, Arikan C, Bakir M, Soyletir G. Microbiology of sinusitis and the predictive value of throat culture for the aetiology of sinusitis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2005;11(5):407-10.
15. Costa Carvalho BT, Nagao AT, Arslanian C, Carneiro Sampaio MM, Naspitz CK, Sorensen RU, Leiva L, Solé D. Immunological evaluation of allergic respiratory children with recurrent sinusitis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2005;16(6):534-8.
16. Park AH, Muntz HR, Smith ME, Afify Z, Pysher T, Pavia A. Pediatric invasive fungal rhinosinusitis in immunocompromised children with cancer. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005;133(3):411-6.
17. Jones NS. Acute and chronic sinusitis in children. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2000;6(3):221-5.
18. Monteiro VR, Sdepanian VL, Weckx L, Fagundes-Neto U, Morais MB. Twenty-four-hour esophageal pH monitoring in children and adolescents with chronic and/or recurrent hinosinusitis. Braz J Med Biol Res 2005;38(2):215-20.
19. Ray NF, Baraniuk JN, Thamer M, Rinehart CS, Gergen PJ, Kaliner M, Josephs S, Pung YH. Healthcare expenditures for sinusitis in 1996: contributions of asthma, rhinitis, and other airway disorders. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103(3 Pt 1):408- 14.
20. Mehra P, Murad H. Maxillary sinus disease of odontogenic origin. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2004;37(2):347-64.
21. Berg O, Carenfelt C, Kronvall G. Bacteriology of maxillary sinusitis in relation to character of inflammation and prior treatment. Scand J Infect Dis 1988;20(5):511-6.
22. Brook I. Microbiology and management of sinusitis. J Otolaryngol 1996;25(4):249-56.
23. Lindberg S. Morphological and functional studies of the mucociliary system during infections in the upper airways. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 1994;515:22-4.
24. Eyigör H, Başak S.Evaluation of predisposing factors and bacteriologic agents in pediatric rhinosinusitis. Kulak Burun Bogaz Ihtis Derg 2005;15(3-4):49-55.
25. Legert KG, Zimmerman M, Stierna P. Sinusitis of odontogenic origin: pathophysiological implications of early treatment. Acta Otolaryngol 2004;124(6):655-63.
26. Hinni ML, McCaffrey TV, Kasperbauer JL. Early mucosal changes in experimental sinusitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1992;107(4):537-48.
27. Ah-See KW, Evans AS. Sinusitis and its management. BMJ 2007 17;334(7589):358-61.
28. Friedman DP, Rao VM, Flanders AE. Lesions causing a mass in the medial canthus of the orbit: CT and MR features. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1993;160(5):1095-9.
29. Iinuma T, Hirota Y, Kase Y. Radio-opacity of the paranasal sinuses. Conventional views and CT. Rhinology 1994;32(3):134- 6.
30. Lindbaek M, Hjortdahl P. The clinical diagnosis of acute purulent sinusitis in general practice--a review. Br J Gen Pract 2002;52(479):491-5.
31. Klossek JM, Dubreuil L, Richet H, Richet B, Sedallian A, Beutter P. Bacteriology of the adult middle meatus. J Laryngol Otol 1996;110(9):847-9.
32. Dubin MG, Ebert CS, Coffey CS, Melroy CT, Sonnenburg RE, Senior BA. Concordance of middle meatal swab and maxillary sinus aspirate in acute and chronic sinusitis: a meta-analysis. Am J Rhinol 2005;19(5):462-70.
33. Daele JJ. Chronic sinusitis in children. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg 1997;51(4):285-304.
34. Incaudo GA, Wooding LG. Diagnosis and treatment of acute and subacute sinusitis in children and adults. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 1998;16(1-2):157-204.
35. McAlister WH, Lusk R, Muntz HR. Comparison of plain radiographs and coronal CT scans in infants and children with recurrent sinusitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1989;153(6):1259-64.
36. Low DE, Desrosiers M, McSherry J, Garber G, Williams JW Jr, Remy H, Fenton RS, Forte V, Balter M, Rotstein C, Craft C, Dubois J, Harding G, Schloss M, Miller M, McIvor RA, Davidson RJ. A practical guide for the diagnosis and treatment of acute sinusitis. CMAJ 1997;156 (Suppl 6):S1-14.
37. Bravo EL. Phenylpropanolamine and other over-the-counter vasoactive compounds. Hypertension 1988;11(3 Pt 2):II7-10.
38. Mabry RL. Therapeutic agents in the medical management of sinusitis. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1993;26(4):561-70.
39. Sisson JH, Yonkers AJ, Waldman RH. Effects of guaifenesin on nasal mucociliary clearance and ciliary beat frequency in healthy volunteers. Chest 1995;107(3):747-51.
40. Malm L. Pharmacological background to decongesting and anti- inflammatory treatment of rhinitis and sinusitis. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 1994;515:53-5; discussion 55-6.
41. Rabago D, Zgierska A, Mundt M, Barrett B, Bobula J, Maberry R. Efficacy of daily hypertonic saline nasal irrigation among patients with sinusitis: a randomized controlled trial. J Fam Pract 2002;51(12):1049-55.
42. Qvarnberg Y, Valtonen H, Laurikainen K. Intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate in the treatment of common cold. Rhinology 2001;39(1):9-12.
43. Meltzer EO, Bachert C, Staudinger H. Treating acute rhinosinusitis: comparing efficacy and safety of mometasone furoate nasal spray, amoxicillin, and placebo. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;116(6):1289-95.
44. Hoban D, Felmingham D. The PROTEKT surveillance study: antimicrobial susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis from community-acquired respiratory tract infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 2002;50 (Suppl S1):49-59.
45. Poole MD, Portugal LG. Treatment of rhinosinusitis in the outpatient setting. Am J Med 2005;118 (Suppl 7A):45S-50S.
46. Jacobs MR, Felmingham D, Appelbaum PC, Grüneberg RN; The Alexander Project Group. The Alexander Project 1998-2000: susceptibility of pathogens isolated from community-acquired respiratory tract infection to commonly used antimicrobial agents. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003;52(2):229-46.
47. Anon JB, Jacobs MR, Poole MD, Ambrose PG, Benninger MS, Hadley JA, Craig WA; Sinus And Allergy Health Partnership. Antimicrobial treatment guidelines for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004;130(1 Suppl):1- 45.
48. Buchman CA, Yellon RF, Bluestone CD. Alternative to endoscopic sinus surgery in the management of pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis refractory to oral antimicrobial therapy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999 120(2):219-24.