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The Histological Evaluation of the Testes of Rats which Applied Formaldehyde and Lavender Oil

Year 2010, Volume: 17 Issue: 3, 169 - 173, 01.06.2010

Abstract

Aim: In our study, harmful effects of formaldehyde (FA) inhalation on the testes were investigated histologically. In addition, the possible protective effects of lavender oil which often used in aromatherapy, were examined against these damages. Material-Methods: For this purpose, 21 albino-Wistar rats were used. The rats of group I was used as control group. The rats of group II were exposed FA (10 ppm/ 1hour) for 35 days. The rats of group III inhaleted lavender oil (1ml/1 hour) with FA. At the end of the experiment, all rats were sacrified and testes were removed for histological examination. In this examination, the diameters of seminiferous tubul, Leydig cells and Leydig cells with damaged nucleus were determined. Results: When the rats were exposed to formaldehyde compared with the control group, it was determined that the diameter of tubuls and number of Leydig cells were decreased and Leydig cells with damaged nucleus were increased. And also it was seen that there were atrophic changes in the tubuls. In the group in which the lavender oil was applied with formaldehyde exposure it was determined that the histological changes of testes occured via FA exposure were improved. Conclusion: It was shown that harmful effects of FA on testes occured via formaldehyde exposure and lavender oil have protective effects to the these damages. Key words: Formaldehyde, Lavender Oil, Testes, Histology, Rat

References

  • Smith AE. Formaldehyde. Occup Med 1992; 42:83-8.
  • Zararsiz I, Kus I, Akpolat N, et al. Melatonin prevents formaldehyde-induced neurotoxicity in prefrontal cortex of rats: an immunohistochemical and biochemical study. Cell Biochem Funct 2007;25:413–8.
  • Blair A, Stewart PA, Hoover RN. Mortality from lung cancer among workers employed in formaldehyde industries. Am J Ind Med 1990;17:683-99.
  • Kim H, Kim YD, Cho SH. Formaldehyde exposure levels and serum antibodies to formaldehyde human serum albumin of Korean medical students. Arch Environ Health 1998;54:115-8.
  • Zararsiz I, Kus I, Akpolat N, et al. Protective effects of w-3 essential fatty acids against formaldehyde-induced neuronal damage in prefrontal cortex of rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2006;24:237-44.
  • Zararsiz I, Sönmez MF, Yilmaz HR et al. Effects of omega- 3 essential fatty acids against formaldehyde-induced nephropathy in rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2006; 22:223-29.
  • Sarsilmaz M, Kaplan S, Songur A, et al. Effects of postnatal formaldehyde exposure on pyramidal cell number, volume of cell layer in hippocampus and hemisphere in the rat: a stereological study. Brain Res 2007; 1145: 157-67.
  • Kriebel D, Myers D, Cheng M, et al. Short term effect of formaldehyde on peak expiratory flow and irritant symptoms. Arch Environ Health 2001;56:11-8.
  • Canbilen A, Sezen Ş, Avunduk MC, et al. Formaldehit ve toksik etkileri. Genel Tıp Dergisi 1999; 9:33-9.
  • Collins JJ, Ness R, Tyl RW, et al. A review of adverse pregnancy outcomes and formaldehyde exposure in human and animal studies. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2001; 34:17-34.
  • Taskinen H, Kyyronen P, Hemminki K, et al. Laboratory work and pregnancy outcome. J Occup Med 1994;36:311-9.
  • Martin WJ. A teratology study of inhaled formaldehyde in the rat. Reprod Toxicol 1990; 4:237-9.
  • Majumder PK, Kumar VL. Inhibitory effects of formaldehyde on the reproductive system of male rats. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1995;39:80-2.
  • Odeigah PG. Sperm head abnormalities and dominant lethal effects of formaldehyde in albino rats. Mutat Res 1997; 389:141- 8.
  • Sarsılmaz M, Özen O.A, Akpolat N, et al. Subakut dönemde solunan formaldehitin sıçanların Leydig hücreleri üzerindeki histopatolojik etkileri. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 1999;13:37-40.
  • Sarsılmaz M, Özen O.A. Subkronik dönem boyunca formaldehit soluyan sıçanların leydig hücrelerindeki histopatolojik değişiklikler. Fırat Tıp Dergisi 2000;2:1-5.
  • Ergen A, Özkan G, Biçer A. The effect of pressure on the extraction of essential oil from flowers of lavender plants with supercritical CO2. Gazi Üniversitesi Journal of Science 2003; 17:717-23.
  • Koç H. Doğrudan, Doğadan Bitkilerle Sağlıklı Yaşama. 1. Baskı, Ankara: Ümit Ofset, 2002:251-254.
  • Buckle RJ. Aromatherapy in the USA. Int J Aromatherapy 2003; 13: 42-6.
  • Chu CJ, Kemper KJ. Lavender (Lavandula spp.). Longwood Herbal Task Force: http://www.mep.edu/herbal/.2005.
  • Heber D. PDR for Herbal Medicines.3. edition, Montvale: Thomson-PDR, 2004: 285–8.
  • Shaw D, Annett JM, Doherty B, et al. Anxiolytic effects of lavender oil inhalation on open-field behaviour in rats. Phytomedicine 2007; 14: 613-20.
  • Shen J, Niijima A, Tanida M, et al. Olfactory stimulation with scent of lavender oil affects autonomic nerves, lipolysis and appetite in rats. Neurosci Lett 2005; 383:188-193.
  • Buchbauer G, Jirovetz L, Jager W, et al. Aromatherapy: evidence for sedative effects of the essential oil of lavender after inhalation. Z Naturforsch (C) 1991;46 1067-72.
  • Yang SA, Jeon SK, Lee EJ, et al. Comparative study of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of six essential oils and their components. Nat Prod Res 2010; 24: 140-51.
  • Atsumi T, Tonosaki K. Smelling lavender and rosemary increases free radical scavenging activity and decreases cortisol level in saliva. Psychiatry Res 2007; 150: 89-96.
  • Zhou DX, Qiu SD, Zhang J, et al. Reproductive toxicity of formaldehyde to adult male rats and the functional mechanism concerned. Sichuan Da Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2006; 37: 566-69.
  • Ozen OA, Akpolat N, Songur A, et al. Effect of formaldehyde inhalation on Hsp70 in seminiferous tubules of rat testes: an immunohistochemical study. Toxicology and Industrial Health 2005;21:249-54.
  • Chowdhury AR, Gautam AK, Patel KG, et al. Steroidogenic inhibition in testicular tissue of formaldehyde exposed rats. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1992; 36: 162-8.
  • Golalipour MJ, Azarhoush R, Ghafari S, et al. Formaldehyde exposure induces histopathological and morphometric changes in the rat testis. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2007;66:167–171.
  • Ozen OA, Yaman M, Sarsilmaz M, et al. Testicular zinc, copper and iron concentrations in male rats exposed to subacute and subchronic formaldehyde gas inhalation. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2002;16:119-22.
  • Ozen OA, Songur A, Sarsilmaz M, et al. Changes of zinc, copper and iron levels in the lung of male rats after subacute (4-week) and subchronic (13-week) exposure to formaldehyde. J Trace El Exp Med 2003;16:67-74.
  • Zararsız İ, Kuş İ, Çolakoğlu N, Pekmez H, et al. Formaldehit maruziyeti sonucu sıçan akciğerinde oluşan oksidatif hasara karşı melatonin hormonunun koruyucu etkisi: Işık mikroskobik ve biyokimyasal çalışma. Van Tıp Dergisi 2004;11:105-12.
  • Kuş İ, Zararsız İ, Yılmaz HR, et al. Sıçan prefrontal korteksinde formaldehit maruziyetiyle oluşan oksidatif hasara karşı melatonin hormonunun koruyucu etkisi. Erciyes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2004;13:1–7.
  • Ozen OA, Kus MA, Kus I, et al. Protective effects of melatonin against formaldehyde-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in rat testes: an immunohistochemical and biochemical study. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2008;54:169-76.
  • Türk G, Ateşşahin A, Sönmez M, et al. Lycopene protects against cyclosporine A-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Theriogenology 2007;67:778-85.
  • Zhou DX, Qui SD, Zhang J, et al. The protective effect of vitamin E against oxidative damage caused by formaldehyde in the testes of adult rats. Asian J Androl 2006;8:584-8.

Solunum Yoluyla Formaldehit ve Lavanta Uygulanan Sıçan Testislerinin Değerlendirilmesi; Bir Histolojik Çalışma

Year 2010, Volume: 17 Issue: 3, 169 - 173, 01.06.2010

Abstract

Amaç: Çalışmamızda, solunum yolu ile uygulanan formaldehit'in sıçan testislerinde yaptığı hasar histolojik olarak araştırıldı. Aynı zamanda, bu hasarlara karşı aromaterapi uygulamalarında sık kullanılan lavanta yağının muhtemel koruyucu etkileri de incelendi. Gereç-Yöntem: Bu amaçla, 21 adet Wistar-Albino cinsi erkek sıçan kullanıldı. Grup I'deki sıçanlar kontrol olarak kullanılırken, Grup II'deki sıçanlar, 35 gün boyunca solunum yoluyla formaldehit'e (10 ppm/1saat) maruz bırakıldı. Grup III'deki sıçanlara ise formaldehit uygulamasının yanı sıra saf lavanta yağı (1ml/1saat) yine solunum yoluyla verildi. Uygulama sonunda hayvanlar sakrifiye edildi ve histolojik incelemeler için testisler çıkarıldı. Çalışmada, tubuli seminiferi contorti çapları, Leydig hücre sayıları ve çekirdek hasarlı Leydig hücreleri incelendi. Bulgular: Formaldehit'e maruz kalan sıçanlar kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında, tubül çapları ve Leydig hücre sayılarında azalma, çekirdek hasarlı Leydig hücrelerinde ise artma tespit edildi. Ayrıca tubül duvarlarında atrofik değişiklikler gözlendi. Formaldehit maruziyetiyle birlikte lavanta yağı uygulanan grupta ise, formaldehit maruziyetine bağlı olarak testiste gelişen histolojik değişikliklerin düzelmiş olduğu belirlendi. Sonuç: Solunum yolu ile formaldehit maruziyetine bağlı olarak testiste önemli histolojik hasarların meydana geldiği ve bu hasarlara karşı lavanta yağının koruyucu özellik gösterdiği tespit edildi. Anahtar kelimeler: Formaldehit, Lavanta Yağı, Testis, Histoloji, Rat

References

  • Smith AE. Formaldehyde. Occup Med 1992; 42:83-8.
  • Zararsiz I, Kus I, Akpolat N, et al. Melatonin prevents formaldehyde-induced neurotoxicity in prefrontal cortex of rats: an immunohistochemical and biochemical study. Cell Biochem Funct 2007;25:413–8.
  • Blair A, Stewart PA, Hoover RN. Mortality from lung cancer among workers employed in formaldehyde industries. Am J Ind Med 1990;17:683-99.
  • Kim H, Kim YD, Cho SH. Formaldehyde exposure levels and serum antibodies to formaldehyde human serum albumin of Korean medical students. Arch Environ Health 1998;54:115-8.
  • Zararsiz I, Kus I, Akpolat N, et al. Protective effects of w-3 essential fatty acids against formaldehyde-induced neuronal damage in prefrontal cortex of rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2006;24:237-44.
  • Zararsiz I, Sönmez MF, Yilmaz HR et al. Effects of omega- 3 essential fatty acids against formaldehyde-induced nephropathy in rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2006; 22:223-29.
  • Sarsilmaz M, Kaplan S, Songur A, et al. Effects of postnatal formaldehyde exposure on pyramidal cell number, volume of cell layer in hippocampus and hemisphere in the rat: a stereological study. Brain Res 2007; 1145: 157-67.
  • Kriebel D, Myers D, Cheng M, et al. Short term effect of formaldehyde on peak expiratory flow and irritant symptoms. Arch Environ Health 2001;56:11-8.
  • Canbilen A, Sezen Ş, Avunduk MC, et al. Formaldehit ve toksik etkileri. Genel Tıp Dergisi 1999; 9:33-9.
  • Collins JJ, Ness R, Tyl RW, et al. A review of adverse pregnancy outcomes and formaldehyde exposure in human and animal studies. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2001; 34:17-34.
  • Taskinen H, Kyyronen P, Hemminki K, et al. Laboratory work and pregnancy outcome. J Occup Med 1994;36:311-9.
  • Martin WJ. A teratology study of inhaled formaldehyde in the rat. Reprod Toxicol 1990; 4:237-9.
  • Majumder PK, Kumar VL. Inhibitory effects of formaldehyde on the reproductive system of male rats. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1995;39:80-2.
  • Odeigah PG. Sperm head abnormalities and dominant lethal effects of formaldehyde in albino rats. Mutat Res 1997; 389:141- 8.
  • Sarsılmaz M, Özen O.A, Akpolat N, et al. Subakut dönemde solunan formaldehitin sıçanların Leydig hücreleri üzerindeki histopatolojik etkileri. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 1999;13:37-40.
  • Sarsılmaz M, Özen O.A. Subkronik dönem boyunca formaldehit soluyan sıçanların leydig hücrelerindeki histopatolojik değişiklikler. Fırat Tıp Dergisi 2000;2:1-5.
  • Ergen A, Özkan G, Biçer A. The effect of pressure on the extraction of essential oil from flowers of lavender plants with supercritical CO2. Gazi Üniversitesi Journal of Science 2003; 17:717-23.
  • Koç H. Doğrudan, Doğadan Bitkilerle Sağlıklı Yaşama. 1. Baskı, Ankara: Ümit Ofset, 2002:251-254.
  • Buckle RJ. Aromatherapy in the USA. Int J Aromatherapy 2003; 13: 42-6.
  • Chu CJ, Kemper KJ. Lavender (Lavandula spp.). Longwood Herbal Task Force: http://www.mep.edu/herbal/.2005.
  • Heber D. PDR for Herbal Medicines.3. edition, Montvale: Thomson-PDR, 2004: 285–8.
  • Shaw D, Annett JM, Doherty B, et al. Anxiolytic effects of lavender oil inhalation on open-field behaviour in rats. Phytomedicine 2007; 14: 613-20.
  • Shen J, Niijima A, Tanida M, et al. Olfactory stimulation with scent of lavender oil affects autonomic nerves, lipolysis and appetite in rats. Neurosci Lett 2005; 383:188-193.
  • Buchbauer G, Jirovetz L, Jager W, et al. Aromatherapy: evidence for sedative effects of the essential oil of lavender after inhalation. Z Naturforsch (C) 1991;46 1067-72.
  • Yang SA, Jeon SK, Lee EJ, et al. Comparative study of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of six essential oils and their components. Nat Prod Res 2010; 24: 140-51.
  • Atsumi T, Tonosaki K. Smelling lavender and rosemary increases free radical scavenging activity and decreases cortisol level in saliva. Psychiatry Res 2007; 150: 89-96.
  • Zhou DX, Qiu SD, Zhang J, et al. Reproductive toxicity of formaldehyde to adult male rats and the functional mechanism concerned. Sichuan Da Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2006; 37: 566-69.
  • Ozen OA, Akpolat N, Songur A, et al. Effect of formaldehyde inhalation on Hsp70 in seminiferous tubules of rat testes: an immunohistochemical study. Toxicology and Industrial Health 2005;21:249-54.
  • Chowdhury AR, Gautam AK, Patel KG, et al. Steroidogenic inhibition in testicular tissue of formaldehyde exposed rats. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1992; 36: 162-8.
  • Golalipour MJ, Azarhoush R, Ghafari S, et al. Formaldehyde exposure induces histopathological and morphometric changes in the rat testis. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2007;66:167–171.
  • Ozen OA, Yaman M, Sarsilmaz M, et al. Testicular zinc, copper and iron concentrations in male rats exposed to subacute and subchronic formaldehyde gas inhalation. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2002;16:119-22.
  • Ozen OA, Songur A, Sarsilmaz M, et al. Changes of zinc, copper and iron levels in the lung of male rats after subacute (4-week) and subchronic (13-week) exposure to formaldehyde. J Trace El Exp Med 2003;16:67-74.
  • Zararsız İ, Kuş İ, Çolakoğlu N, Pekmez H, et al. Formaldehit maruziyeti sonucu sıçan akciğerinde oluşan oksidatif hasara karşı melatonin hormonunun koruyucu etkisi: Işık mikroskobik ve biyokimyasal çalışma. Van Tıp Dergisi 2004;11:105-12.
  • Kuş İ, Zararsız İ, Yılmaz HR, et al. Sıçan prefrontal korteksinde formaldehit maruziyetiyle oluşan oksidatif hasara karşı melatonin hormonunun koruyucu etkisi. Erciyes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2004;13:1–7.
  • Ozen OA, Kus MA, Kus I, et al. Protective effects of melatonin against formaldehyde-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in rat testes: an immunohistochemical and biochemical study. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2008;54:169-76.
  • Türk G, Ateşşahin A, Sönmez M, et al. Lycopene protects against cyclosporine A-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Theriogenology 2007;67:778-85.
  • Zhou DX, Qui SD, Zhang J, et al. The protective effect of vitamin E against oxidative damage caused by formaldehyde in the testes of adult rats. Asian J Androl 2006;8:584-8.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Evren Köse This is me

Mustafa Sarsılmaz This is me

Sedat Meydan This is me

Hıdır Pekmez This is me

Durrin Özlem Dabak This is me

Ahmet Kavaklı Murat Ögetürk This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2010
Published in Issue Year 2010 Volume: 17 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Köse, E., Sarsılmaz, M., Meydan, S., Pekmez, H., et al. (2010). Solunum Yoluyla Formaldehit ve Lavanta Uygulanan Sıçan Testislerinin Değerlendirilmesi; Bir Histolojik Çalışma. Journal of Turgut Ozal Medical Center, 17(3), 169-173.
AMA Köse E, Sarsılmaz M, Meydan S, Pekmez H, Dabak DÖ, Ögetürk AKM. Solunum Yoluyla Formaldehit ve Lavanta Uygulanan Sıçan Testislerinin Değerlendirilmesi; Bir Histolojik Çalışma. J Turgut Ozal Med Cent. June 2010;17(3):169-173.
Chicago Köse, Evren, Mustafa Sarsılmaz, Sedat Meydan, Hıdır Pekmez, Durrin Özlem Dabak, and Ahmet Kavaklı Murat Ögetürk. “Solunum Yoluyla Formaldehit Ve Lavanta Uygulanan Sıçan Testislerinin Değerlendirilmesi; Bir Histolojik Çalışma”. Journal of Turgut Ozal Medical Center 17, no. 3 (June 2010): 169-73.
EndNote Köse E, Sarsılmaz M, Meydan S, Pekmez H, Dabak DÖ, Ögetürk AKM (June 1, 2010) Solunum Yoluyla Formaldehit ve Lavanta Uygulanan Sıçan Testislerinin Değerlendirilmesi; Bir Histolojik Çalışma. Journal of Turgut Ozal Medical Center 17 3 169–173.
IEEE E. Köse, M. Sarsılmaz, S. Meydan, H. Pekmez, D. Ö. Dabak, and A. K. M. Ögetürk, “Solunum Yoluyla Formaldehit ve Lavanta Uygulanan Sıçan Testislerinin Değerlendirilmesi; Bir Histolojik Çalışma”, J Turgut Ozal Med Cent, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 169–173, 2010.
ISNAD Köse, Evren et al. “Solunum Yoluyla Formaldehit Ve Lavanta Uygulanan Sıçan Testislerinin Değerlendirilmesi; Bir Histolojik Çalışma”. Journal of Turgut Ozal Medical Center 17/3 (June 2010), 169-173.
JAMA Köse E, Sarsılmaz M, Meydan S, Pekmez H, Dabak DÖ, Ögetürk AKM. Solunum Yoluyla Formaldehit ve Lavanta Uygulanan Sıçan Testislerinin Değerlendirilmesi; Bir Histolojik Çalışma. J Turgut Ozal Med Cent. 2010;17:169–173.
MLA Köse, Evren et al. “Solunum Yoluyla Formaldehit Ve Lavanta Uygulanan Sıçan Testislerinin Değerlendirilmesi; Bir Histolojik Çalışma”. Journal of Turgut Ozal Medical Center, vol. 17, no. 3, 2010, pp. 169-73.
Vancouver Köse E, Sarsılmaz M, Meydan S, Pekmez H, Dabak DÖ, Ögetürk AKM. Solunum Yoluyla Formaldehit ve Lavanta Uygulanan Sıçan Testislerinin Değerlendirilmesi; Bir Histolojik Çalışma. J Turgut Ozal Med Cent. 2010;17(3):169-73.