Doğa ve kültür fotoğrafçılığı kapsamında rekreasyonel motivasyonun demografik özelliklere göre incelenmesi

Year 2019, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 23 - 30, 30.06.2019

Üzeyir Kement Aziz Bükey

Abstract

Bu
araştırmanın amacı doğa ve kültür fotoğrafçılığı etkinliğine katılan bireylerin
demografik özellikleri ile rekreasyonel motivasyonları arasındaki ilişkinin
incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın evrenini Bingöl Foto safari etkinliğine katılan
bireyler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında 436 anket formu katılımcılara
uygulanmıştır. Araştırma hipotezlerinin test edilmesi için T ve Anova
testlerinden faydalanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre kadın katılımcılar
erkek katılımcılarından daha yüksek rekreasyonel motivasyona sahiptir. Ayrıca bekâr
katılımcılar evli katılımcılardan daha yüksek rekreasyonel motivasyona
sahiptir. 55 ve üzeri yaş grubu katılımcılar diğer genç yaş aralıklarındaki
katılımcılardan daha düşük rekreasyonel motivasyona sahiptir. Son olarak katılımcıların
eğitim seviyeleri ile rekreasyonel motivasyonları arasında bir ilişki yoktur. 

Keywords

Rekreasyonel motivasyon, doğa fotoğrafçılığı, fotoğraf turizmi, kültür fotoğrafçılığı

References

• Algan, E. (2007). Fotoğrafın ilk yüz yılı, belgesel fotoğrafçılık ve sayısal gelecek. Anadolu Sanat Dergisi (18): 87-100.
• Annett, S., C. Dabrowski and R. A. Robertson (1995). Motivations and constraints to spring break travel: A cross gender. Proceedings of the 1995 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium. New York. 217-221.
• Bagozzi, R. P. and Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74-94.
• Bansal, H. and Eıselt, H. A. (2004). Exploratory research of tourist motivations and planning. Tourism Management, 25(3): 387-396.
• Bærenholdt, J. O., Framke, W., Haldrup, M., Larsen, J., and Urry, J. (2004). Performing tourist places. UK: Ashgate Publishing.
• Bodur, Y. D. D. F. (2006). Fotoğraf ve renk: fotoğraftaki renklerin iletilerin algılanmasındaki rolleri. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 15 (1): 77-86.
• Carroll, B. and Alexandris, K., (1997). Perception of constraints and strength of motivation: Their relationship to recreation sport participation in Greece. Journal of Leisure Research, 29(3), 279-299.
• Caton, K. and Santos, C. A. (2008). Closing the hermeneutic circle. photographic encounters with The others. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(1): 7-26.
• Ceyhun S. (2008). Spor tesislerinin rekreatif açıdan kullanımı. Kastamonu Üniversitesi Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi. 12(1), 325-332.
• Chalfen, R. (1981). Redundant imagery: Some observations on the use of snapshots in American culture. Journal of American Culture, 4(1), 106–113.
• Crawshaw, C. and Urry, J. (1997).Tourism and the photographic eye. Touring Cultures. London: Routledge, 176–95.
• Czaja, P. C. (1973). Writing with light, a simple workshop İn basic photograhy, The Chatham Press, Inc. Connecticut.
• Demirel, G. (2015). Fotoğrafın manipülasyon ve gündem saptama gücü. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 1 (2) 758- 771.
• Donaire, J. A., Camprubí, R. and Galí, N. (2014). Tourist clusters from flickr travel photography. Tourism Management Perspectives, 11, 26-33.
• Driver, B. L. (1976). Quantification o f outdoor recieationsts preferences, p. 165-187 in Research camping and environmental education. Betty van der Smissen (ed.) Penn State Series II, Univ. Park, Pa.
• Edensor, T. (2000). Staging tourism: tourists as performers. Annals of Tourism Research, 27(2), 322-324.
• Ek, R., Larsen, J., Hornskov, S. B. and Mansfeldt, O. K. (2008). A Dynamic framework of tourist experiences: Space‐time and performances in the experience economy. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 8(2): 122-140.
• Ewert, A. (1999). Outdoor recreation and natural resource management: An uneasy alliance. Parks & Recreation, 39(2): 58-67.
• Feighey, W. (2003). Negative image? Developing the visual in tourism research. Current Issues in Tourism, 6(1), 76-85. Fornell, C., and Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics.
• Franklin, A., and Crang, M. (2001). The trouble with tourism and travel theory. Tourist Studies, 1(1), 5-22.
• Garlick, Steve (2002). The beauty of friendship: Foucault, masculinity, and the work of art. Philosophy and Social Criticism, 28(1) 119–38.
• Garrod, B. (2008). Exploring place perception a photo-based analysis. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(2), 381-401.
• George, D., and Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for windows step by step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 update (10a ed.) Boston: Pearson.
• Goodman, E. (2007). Destination services: Tourist media and networked places. UC Berkeley: School of Information Report 2007-004.
• Groves, D. L., and Timothy, D. J. (2001). Photographic techniques and the measurement of impact and importance attributes on trip design: a case study. Loisir et Societe, 24(1), 311-317.
• Günay, V. D. (2016). Göstergebilim ve fotoğrafta anlam. Kontrast Dergisi, (50) Şubat-Mart, 6-10.
• Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Babin, B. J., and Black, W. C. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective (Vol. 7).
• Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., and Mena, J. A. (2012). An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 40(3), 414-433.
• Harman, S. ve Tan, E. (2018). Turist fotoğrafları ve turizm pazarlaması açısından önemi, Türk Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, Cilt.2, Sayı.3, ss.1-9.
• Hendee, J.C., Stankey, G.H., Lucas, R.C., (1990). Wilderness management. Golden CO: North American Press.
• Ho, J.T.S. (1996). Stress, health and leisure satisfaction: The case of teachers. International Journal of Educational Management, 10(1), 41–48.
• Kil, N., Holland, S. M., and Stein, T. V. (2014). Structural relationships between environmental attitudes, recreation motivations, and environmentally responsible behaviors. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 7, 16-25.
• Kinnaird, V., D. Hall, (1994). Tourism: A gender analysis. Chichester, England: John Willey and Sons.
• Larsen, J. (2001). Tourism mobilities and the travel glance: experiences of being on the move. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 1(2), 80-98.
• Larsen, J. (2005). Families seen sightseeing: performativity of tourist photograph.Space and Culture, 8(4), 416e434.
• Lo, I. S., McKercher, B., Lo, A., Cheung, C. and Law, R. (2011). Tourism and Online Photography. Tourism Management, 725-731.
• Llyod KM, Auld CJ. (2002). The roles of leisure in determining quality of life: Issues of content and measurement. Social Indicators Research, 57, 43-71.
• MacKay, K. J., and Couldwell, C. M. (2004). Using visitor-employed photography to investigate destination image. Journal of Travel Research, 42(4), 390-396.
• Markwell, K. W. (1997). Dimensions of photography in a nature-based tour. Annals of Tourism Research, 24(1): 131-155.
• McCabe, S., and Stokoe, E. H. (2004). Place and identity in tourists’ accounts. Annals of Tourism Research, 31, 601-622.
• Morrison, K.S., (2008). Moving beyond Constraints: Understanding How and Why Physically Active Women make Leisure a Priority, The University of New Brunswick, Master Dissertation.
• Morosan, C. and Jeong, M. (2008). The role of the ınternet in the process of travel ınformation search. Information Technology in Hospitality, 5(1): 13-23.
• Munir, K. A. and Phillips, N. (2005). The birth of the ‘kodak moment’: Institutional Entrepreneurship and the Adoption of New Technologies, 26(11): 1665–1687.
• Neumann, M. (1992). The traveling eye photography, tourism and ethnography. Visual Studies, 7(2), 22-38.
• Ngai, V.T. (2005). Leisure satisfaction and quality of life in Macao, China. Leisure Studies, 24, 195-207.
• Osborne, P. (2000). Travelling light: Photography, travel and visual culture: Manchester: Manchester University Press.
• Öztürk, Z. ve Dündar, H. (2003). Örgütsel motivasyon ve kamu çalışanlarını motive eden faktörler. C.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 4(2), 57-67.
• Page, S. J., Steele, W., and Connell, J. (2006). Analysing the promotion of adventure tourism: A case study of Scotland. Journal of sport & tourism, 11(1), 51-76.
• Pearson M.Q. (1998). Job satisfaction, life satisfaction and psychological health, Career Development Quarterly, 7(46), 416-426.
• Pearson M.Q. (2008). Role overload, job satisfaction, leisure satisfaction and psychological health among employed women. Journal of Counselling & Development, 86, 56-63.
• Ragheb, M.G. (1993). Leisure and perceived wellness: A field investigation. Leisure Science, 15, 13-24.
• Rosenthal, D. H., Waldman, D. A. and Driver, B. L. (1982). Construct validity of instruments measuring recreationists’ preferences. Leisure Sciences, 5(2), 89-108.
• Ryan, M.G. (1991). The effects of climate change on plant respiration. Ecol. Applications 1:157-167.
• Schoettle, A.W. (1989). Potential effect of premature needle loss on the foliar biomass and nutrient retention of lodgepole pine. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, pp 443-454. Schulze, E.-D.
• Palacıo, V. and Mccool, S.F. (1997) Identifying ecotourists in Belize through benefit segmentation: A preliminary analysis, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 5(3):234-243.
• Pearce, D. W. and Atkinson, G. D. (1993). Capital theory and the measurement of sustainable development: an indicator of “weak” sustainability; Ecological Economics,Volume 8, Issue 2, Pages 103-108.
• Pocock, C. (2009). Entwined histories: Photography and tourism at the Great Barrier Reef. The framed world: Tourism, tourists and photography (pp. 199–216).
• Prideaux, B. and Coghlan, A. (2010). Digital cameras and photo taking behaviour on the Great Barrier Reef marketing opportunities for Reef tour operators. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 16(3), 171-183.
• Rojek, C. and Urry, J. (1997) ‘Transformations of Travel and Theory’. In their (eds) Touring Cultures. London: Routledge, 1–19.
• Scarles, C. (2010). Where words fail, visuals ignite: Opportunities for visual autoethnography in tourism research. Annals of Tourism Research, 37(4), 905-926.
• Schroeder, J. E. (2002). Visual consumption. London: Routledge.
• Schuelt, M.A. (1991). Testing the adventure modelfor outdoor adventure recreation participation, Unpublisheddoctoral dissertation, University of İllinois. Champaign- Urbana,IL.
• Sontag, S. (1977). On Photography New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, pp: 154.
• Stylianou-Lambert, T. (2012). Tourists with cameras: Reproducing or producing. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(4), 1817–1831.
• Thompson, F., Hannam, K., and Petrie, K. (2012). Producing ceramic art works through tourism research. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(1), 336-360.
• Teymur, N. (1993). Phototourism or the social epistemology of photography in tourism. Tourism in Focus, 6:6, 16.
• The International Ecotourism Society (TIES), (2006). TIES Global Ecotourism Fact Sheet
• Tillman, K. G. (1974) Journal of health, physical education, Recreation, Volume 45, Issue 6: 59-60.
• Urry, J. (1990). The consumption of tourism. sociology, 24(1): 23-35.
• Walker, A. L. and Moulton, R. K. (1989). Photo albums: Images of time and reflections on self. Qualitative Sociology, 12 (2): 155-182.
• Vromm, V. (1964). Work and motivation, New York: Willey Publishers.
• Kinnaird, V. , Kothari, U. and Hall, D. R. (1994). Department of geography, University of Sunderland, UK. Tourism: a Gender Analysis. 1994 pp.1-34 ref.95
• Van House, N. A. (2011). Personal photography, digital technologies and the uses of the visual. Visual Studies, 26(2), 125-134.
• Vogelsong, H., Graefe, A.R., Confer, J.J., Solan, D.S. and Kramp, J.K.. (1997). Relationships between motivations and recreation activity preferences among Delaware State Park visitors an exploratory analysis. Proceedings of the 1997 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium. New York. pp : 124-127.
• Wang, C.C. (2008). Leisure Participation, Leisure Motivation, and Life Satisfaction for Elders in Public Senior Resident Homes in Taiwan, The University of Incarnate Word, Doctoral Dissertation.
• Wearıng, S. and NEIL J. (1999). Ecotourısm ımpact, potentials and possibilities, ButterworthHeinemann an Imprint of Elsevier Science, Oxford, London.
• Yeh, J. H. (2009). The embodiment of sociability through the tourist camera. In M. Robinson & D. Picard (Eds.), The framed world:Tourism, tourists and photography (pp. 199–216). Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.
• Yoon, Y. and Uysal, M. (2005) An examination of the effects of motivation and satisfaction on destination loyalty: a structural model, Tourism Management, 26(1):45-56.
• Young, R., (1993). Towards an understanding of wilderness participation. Leisure sciences, 5, pp: 339-357.
• Zheng, X., & Gretzel, U. (2010). Role of social media in online travel information search. Tourism Management, 31, 179-188.