Yeni Bir Dünya İnşa Etmek: Çin Uluslararası İlişkiler Teorilerinde Güvensizlikler ve Kimlik İnşası

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 21 - 34, 29.12.2025

Ata Demirus

Abstract

Bu etkinin bir sonucu olarak, Uİ alanındaki anlayışımız çoğunlukla Batı düşüncesi tarafından şekillendirilmiştir. Ancak son yıllarda, Çin’in küresel sahnede büyük bir güç olarak hızla yükselmesiyle birlikte, Batı hegemonyasına doğrudan meydan okuyan yeni bir düşünce ortaya çıkmıştır. Temel olarak, elde edilen bulgular, Çin Uİ’sinin ahlak, görecelik ve mevcut Batı merkezli uluslararası düzenin sorunlarını çözmeye yönelik politika önerileriyle şekillendiği öne sürmektedir. Ontolojik güvenlik literatürünün argümanları çerçevesinde bu, yeni bir anlatının ortaya çıkması, biyografik kimliğin devamının sağlanması ve Uİ alanındaki sorunların Çin bakış açısıyla yeniden çerçevelenmesi anlamına gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Çin Uİ perspektifinin Batı Uİ’sine karşı taşıdığı kaygı ve güvensizlik türleri analiz edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır.

Keywords

Çin Merkezli Uluslararası İlişkiler , Batı Merkezli Uluslararası İlişkiler , Ontolojik Güvenlik , Dış Politika

Constructing a New World: Insecurities and Identity-Building in the Chinese International Relations Theories

Abstract

For a very long time, the International Relations (IR) has been largely dominated by the Western schools of thought. As a result of this domination, our understanding of IR is mostly shaped by the Western thought. However in recent years, due to the rapid rise of China as great power in the global stage. A new thinking has emerged which directly challenges the Western hegemony. Basically the findings suggest that Chinese IR came up as a representation of morality, relativism and policy recommendations to solve the problems of the current Western-dominated international order. In the arguments of the ontological security literature, this is about emergence of the new narrative, assuring continuation of the biographical identity and new framing of problems approach in IR within the Chinese outlook. In this work, the main aims is to analyze what kind of anxiety and insecurity that Chinese IR perspective hold to the Western IR.

Keywords

Chinese-Centered Internationaşl Relations , Western-Centered International Relations , Ontological Security , Foreign Policy

References

• Rumelili, B., and Adısönmez, U. C. (2020). A New Paradigm on the Identity-Security Nexus in International Relations: Ontological Security Theory, International Relations Journal, 66(17), 1304-7175.
• Giddens, A. (1991). Modernity and Self Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age. Cambridge: Polity Press.
• Kinvall, C., and Mitzen, J. (2017). An Introduction to the Special Issue: Ontological Securities in World Politics. Cooperation and Conflict, 7(1), 3-11.
• Kinvall, C., and Mitzen, J. (2020). Anxiety, Fear and Ontological Security in World Politics: Thinking with and Beyond Giddens. International Theory, 12(2), 240-256.
• Ho, B. (2019, July 30). Chinese Thinking about International Relations. The National Bureau of Asian Research. https://www.nbr.org/publication/chinese-thinking-about-international-relations-from-theory-to-practice/ Ikenberry, J. (2009). Liberal Internationalism 3.0: America and the Dilemmas of Liberal World Order. Perspectives on Politics 7(1), 71-87.
• Jeyaretnam, M. (2025, June 23). If Middle East is Unstable, World Will not be at Peace’: How China Views the Israel-Iran War. Time. https://time.com/7296139/china-iran-israel-us-weapons-mediate-war-peace-oil-diplomacy/
• Katzenstein, P. J. (2018). The Second Coming? Reflections on a Global Theory of International Relations. Chinese Journal of International Politics, 11(4): 373-390.
• Kumar, S. (2018). Theorizing Chinese International Relations and the Rise of China: A Preliminary Investigation. Relaciones Internacionales, 27(54), 23-32.
• Foucault, M. (1980).Truth and Power. In C. Gordon (Ed.), Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings (pp: 109-133). The Harvester Press.
• Pu, X. (2019, July 30). One Mountain, Two Tigers. The National Bureau of Asian Research. https://www.nbr.org/publication/one-mountain-two-tigers-china-the-united-states-and-the-status-dilemma-in-the-indo-pacific/
• Shiping, T. (2013). The Social Evolution of International Politics. Oxford University Press.
• Steele, B. J. (2008). Ontological Security in International Relations. Routledge.
• Wendt, A. (1999). Social Theory of International Politics. Cambridge Studies in International Relations.
• Tingyang, Z. (2021). All under Heaven: The Tianxia System for a Possible World Order. University of California Press.
• Tingyang, Z. (2009). A Political Philosophy in Terms of All-Under-heaven (Tian-Xia). Diogenes, 56(1), 5-18.
• Xiao, R. (2019). Zouxiang shijie de gongsheng [Toward the symbiosis of the world]. Commercial Press.
• Xiong, H., Peterson, D. A., and Braumoeller, B. F. (2024). International Organization, 78(3), 538-574.
• Xuetong, Y. (2020). Grown from Within: Building a Chinese School of International Relations. Pacific Review, 33(3-4), 386-412.
• Xuetong, Y. (2019). Leadership and the Rise of Great Powers. Princeton University Press.
• Yaqing, Q. (2018). A Relational Theory of Politics. Cambridge University Press.
• Zhang F. (2019). The Xi Jinping Doctrine of China’s International Relations. The National Bureau of Asian Research. https://www.nbr.org/publication/the-xi-jinping-doctrine-of-chinas-international-relations/
• Zhang, Y. (2020). The Chinese School, Global Production of Knowledge, and Contentious Politics in the Disciplinary IR, All Azimuth, 9(2), 283-298.