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Psychological Counseling Model Proposal for Reducing Violence in Emergency Services

Year 2024, , 21 - 36, 29.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.17066/tpdrd.1215804_2

Abstract

Violence is destructive and abrasive for patients and their relatives as well as for healthcare workers. Violence, which leads to various emotional and physical injuries, job dissatisfaction, and absenteeism, causes fatal mistakes and has a negative impact on service quality. On the other hand, the patient and his relatives may be anxious, nervous, sensitive or inclined to show anger behavior due to the situation they are in. These summarized reasons can bring the healthcare worker and patient, who should be on the same side, and their relatives face to face. However, healthcare professionals and patients share a common goal and have to act together. Accordingly, it is thought that when the causes of violence are eliminated for both groups, violence will decrease to a large extent. In this context, efforts should be made to identify and eliminate the psychological and social reasons that lead people to act aggressively in order to prevent violence in the emergency room. The proposed model aims to build a bridge of compassion between healthcare workers and patients and their relatives, while also providing psychological support to healthcare workers and patients and their relatives, training healthcare workers in communication, compassion, empathy and emotion management, and teaching stress-reducing techniques to prevent violence in emergency services. Various search engines were used in the literature search. The search terms were determined as "violence in an emergency", "causes of violence", "prevention of violence" and "violence in health", but studies involving environmental risk management and security measures were excluded.

References

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  • Baby, M., Gale, C., & Swain, N. (2019). A communication skills intervention to minimise patient perpetrated aggression for healthcare support workers in New Zealand: A cluster randomised controlled trial. Health & Social Care in the Community, 27(1), 170–181. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12636
  • Bingöl, S., & İnce, S. (2021). Factors influencing violence at emergency departments: Patients’ relatives’ perspectives. International Emergency Nursing, 54, 100942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2020.100942
  • Boissy, A., Windover, A. K., Bokar, D., Karafa, M., Neuendorf, K., Frankel, R. M., Merlino, J., & Rothberg, M. B. (2016). Communication Skills Training for Physicians Improves Patient Satisfaction. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 31(7), 755–761. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-016-3597-2
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  • Değerli, F.İ., & Odacı, H. (2020). Effect of an Emotional Intelligence Training Program Developed for Prospective Psychological Counselors on Psychological Counseling Skill Levels. Journal of Rational-Emotion&Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 38, 568–578 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-020-00352-5
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  • D’Ettorre, G., Pellicani, V., Mazzotta, M., & Vullo, A. (2018). Preventing and managing workplace violence against healthcare workers in  Emergency Departments. Acta Bio-Medica: Atenei Parmensis, 89(4-S), 28–36. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v89i4-S.7113
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  • Fener, E., & Aydıntuğ, N. (2019). Evaluation of the causes of violence in health sector from community perspective. J Int Social Res, 12, 1272–1282.
  • Gates, D., Gillespie, G., Smith, C., Rode, J., Kowalenko, T., & Smith, B. (2011). Using Action Research to Plan a Violence Prevention Program for Emergency Departments. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 37(1), 32–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2009.09.013
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Year 2024, , 21 - 36, 29.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.17066/tpdrd.1215804_2

Abstract

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References

  • Akbaş, M., Boz, A., Dursun, A., Çetin, S., & Kılıçaslan, A. (2016). Determination of Exposure Status to Violence of 112 Employees and Their Behavior Towards Violence. E-Journal of Dokuz Eylul University Nursing Faculty, 9(3), 93–100.
  • Aljohani, B., Burkholder, J., Tran, Q. K., Chen, C., Beisenova, K., & Pourmand, A. (2021). Workplace violence in the emergency department: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health, 196, 186–197. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2021.02.009
  • American Counseling Association. (1997). Definitions of professional counseling and professional counseling specialty. Alexandria, VA: Author.
  • Angland, S., Dowling, M., & Casey, D. (2014). Nurses’ perceptions of the factors which cause violence and aggression in the emergency department: A qualitative study. International Emergency Nursing, 22(3), 134–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2013.09.005
  • Aydemir, İ., Rabia, Ü., & Aydoğan, A. (2020). According to the emergency room staff the reasons for violence. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, 83(1), 60–68.
  • Baby, M., Gale, C., & Swain, N. (2019). A communication skills intervention to minimise patient perpetrated aggression for healthcare support workers in New Zealand: A cluster randomised controlled trial. Health & Social Care in the Community, 27(1), 170–181. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12636
  • Bingöl, S., & İnce, S. (2021). Factors influencing violence at emergency departments: Patients’ relatives’ perspectives. International Emergency Nursing, 54, 100942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2020.100942
  • Boissy, A., Windover, A. K., Bokar, D., Karafa, M., Neuendorf, K., Frankel, R. M., Merlino, J., & Rothberg, M. B. (2016). Communication Skills Training for Physicians Improves Patient Satisfaction. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 31(7), 755–761. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-016-3597-2
  • Boyacı, K., Şensoy, F., Beydağ, K. D., & Kıyak, M. (2014). Stress and Stress Management in Health Institutions. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 152, 470–475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.233
  • Büyükbayram, A., & Engin, E. (2018). Acil psikiyatrik bakım ve ruh sağlığı triyajı. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi, 9(1), 61–67.
  • Cannavò, M., & Fioravanti, M. (2018). A model of multidimensional intervention for the prevention and management of violence and stress in emergency department healthcare professionals. Senses and Sciences, 5(4).
  • Cannavo, M., Fusaro, N., Colaiuda, F., Rescigno, M., & Fioravanti, M. (2017). Studio preliminare sulla presenza e la rilevanza della violenza nei confronti del personale sanitario dell’emergenza. Clin Ter, 168(2), e99-112.
  • Cenk, S. C., & Karahan, S. (2019). Acil servis çalışanlarında şiddete maruz kalma durumunun incelenmesi. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 3, 493–499.
  • Cinti, M. E., Cannavo, M., & Fioravanti, M. (2018). Stress at work: development of the Stress Perception Questionnaire of Rome (SPQR), an ad hoc questionnaire for multidimensional assessment of work related stress. La Clinica Terapeutica, 169(3), e114–e119.
  • Corbett, S. W., White, P. D., & Wittlake, W. A. (2000). Benefits of an informational videotape for emergency department patients. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 18(1), 67–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(00)90053-6
  • Cormier, L. S., Nurius, P., & Osborn, C. J. (2009). Interviewing and change strategies for helpers: Fundamental skills and cognitive behavioral interventions. Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning.
  • CPI-Crisis Prevention Intervention. (2017). Nonviolent crisis intervention. Retrieved from https://www.crisisprevention.com/Blog/August-2017/A-Safe-Work-Environment-Starts-With-You
  • Çağatay, H. T. (2022). Sağlıkta Şiddet. In Z. Öztürk (Ed.), Sağlık Yönetiminde Çağdaş Gelişmeler (pp. 67–86). Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Deans C. (2004). The effectiveness of a training program for emergency department nurses in managing violent situations. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, 21(4), 17-22. PMID: 18646649.
  • Değerli, F.İ., & Odacı, H. (2020). Effect of an Emotional Intelligence Training Program Developed for Prospective Psychological Counselors on Psychological Counseling Skill Levels. Journal of Rational-Emotion&Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 38, 568–578 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-020-00352-5
  • Demirtas-Zorbaz, S., & Ulas, O. (2015). Views of Psychological Counselor Candidates About Psychological Counseling and Guidance Education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 186, 1298–1301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.198
  • D’Ettorre, G., Pellicani, V., Mazzotta, M., & Vullo, A. (2018). Preventing and managing workplace violence against healthcare workers in  Emergency Departments. Acta Bio-Medica: Atenei Parmensis, 89(4-S), 28–36. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v89i4-S.7113
  • Devebakan, N. (2018). Workplace Violence In Health Care Organızations and Evaluation of “Code White” Application In Dokuz Eylul University Application and Research Hospital. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(2), 383–399. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/sduiibfd/issue/52999/703454
  • Doğanay, İ. (2014). Alo 113-beyaz kod: acil sağlık hizmetlerinde çalışan sağlık personelinin yaşadığı şiddet olgusu ve çözüm önerileri. Sağlık Akademisyenleri Dergisi, 1(2), 136–140.
  • Edward, K., Ousey, K., Warelow, P., & Lui, S. (2014). Nursing and aggression in the workplace: a systematic review. British Journal of Nursing, 23(12), 653–659. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2014.23.12.653
  • Fener, E., & Aydıntuğ, N. (2019). Evaluation of the causes of violence in health sector from community perspective. J Int Social Res, 12, 1272–1282.
  • Gates, D., Gillespie, G., Smith, C., Rode, J., Kowalenko, T., & Smith, B. (2011). Using Action Research to Plan a Violence Prevention Program for Emergency Departments. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 37(1), 32–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2009.09.013
  • Geoffrion, S., Hills, D. J., Ross, H. M., Pich, J., Hill, A. T., Dalsbø, T. K., Riahi, S., Martínez-Jarreta, B., & Guay, S. (2020). Education and training for preventing and minimizing workplace aggression directed toward healthcare workers. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 9. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011860.pub2
  • Gerdtz MF, Daniel C, Dearie V, Prematunga R, Bamert M, & Duxbury J. (2013). The outcome of a rapid training program on nurses' attitudes regarding the prevention of aggression in emergency departments: a multi-site evaluation. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 50(11), 1434-1445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2013.01.007
  • Gopalakrishna, G., & Malwitz, K. (2017). Impact of psychiatric nurses in a liaison role on mental health care in emergency room: A systemic review. Current Psychiatry Reviews, 13(1), 65–71.
  • Hackney, H., & Cormier, S. (2008). Psychological counseling principles and techniques: Psychological help process handbook (T. Ergene, & S. Aydemir Sevim, Trans.). In Ankara: Mentis Publishing.(Original work published 1987).
  • Han, C.-Y., Lin, C.-C., Barnard, A., Hsiao, Y.-C., Goopy, S., & Chen, L.-C. (2017). Workplace violence against emergency nurses in Taiwan: A phenomenographic study. Nursing Outlook, 65(4), 428–435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2017.04.003
  • Heckemann B, Zeller A, Hahn S, Dassen T, Schols JM, Halfens RJ. (2015). The effect of aggression management training programmes for nursing staff and students working in an acute hospital setting. A narrative review of current literature. Nurse Education Today. 35(1): 212-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2014.08.003
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There are 69 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Yüksel Demirel 0000-0002-2011-4481

Publication Date March 29, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Demirel, Y. (2024). Psychological Counseling Model Proposal for Reducing Violence in Emergency Services. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 14(72), 21-36. https://doi.org/10.17066/tpdrd.1215804_2

!! From 30 November 2023, English language proofreading will be required for accepted articles to ensure language quality.