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Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Siber Mağduriyet Deneyimlerinin Psikolojik Belirtiler ve Sosyal Medya Kullanımı Açısından İncelenmesi

Year 2022, , 579 - 592, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.17066/tpdrd.12250824

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, üniversite öğrencilerinin siber mağduriyet deneyimlerini psikolojik belirtiler ve sosyal medya kullanımı açısından incelemektir. Toplam 1746 lisans öğrencisi ile kesitsel ve öz bildirime dayalı bir anket yapılmıştır. Veriler, Revize Edilmiş Siber Zorbalık Envanteri-II, Kısa Semptom Envanteri ve Medya ve Teknoloji Kullanımı ve Tutumları Ölçeği aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Ki-kare analiz sonuçlarına göre, siber mağduriyet deneyimi ile ilgili cinsiyetler arasında anlamlı fark ortaya çıkmamıştır. Mann-Whitney U testi sonuçları, siber mağdurların psikolojik belirti puanları ve sosyal medya kullanım puanlarının, mağdur olmayanlara göre önemli ölçüde daha yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. İkili lojistik regresyon analizi, genel sosyal medya kullanımı, sosyal medya arkadaşlığı, çevrimiçi arkadaşlık, düşmanlık ve paranoid düşüncedeki artışın siber mağduriyeti bildirme olasılığını artırdığını göstermiştir. Sonuçlar tartışılmış ve literatür ışığında önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

References

  • Akada, T., & Kabasakal, Z. (2018). Siber Zorbalık ve Üniversite Öğrencilerine İlişkin Bir Değerlendirme [An Evaluation Regarding Cyber Bullying and University Students]. Social Sciences Studies Journal, 4(24), 4977-4993. https://doi.org/10.26449/sssj.961
  • Andreassen, C. S., Billieux, J., Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J., Demetrovics, Z., Mazzoni, E., & Pallesen, S. (2016). The relationship between addictive use of social media and video games and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: A large-scale cross-sectional study. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 30(2), 252-262. https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000160
  • Arıcak, O. T. (2009). Psychiatric symptomatology as a predictor of cyberbullying among university students. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 34, 167-184.
  • Arıcak, O. T. (2011). Siber zorbalık: gençlerimizi bekleyen yeni tehlike [Cyberbullying is the new danger facing our youth.]. Kariyer Penceresi, 2(6), 10-12.
  • Ayas, T., & Horzum, M. B. (2014). Orta öğretim öğrencilerin psikolojik belirtilere göre sanal zorba ve sanal mağdur düzeylerinin yordanması [Prediction of cyberbully and cyber victimization levels of secondary school students according to psychological symptoms]. Online Journal of Technology Addiction & Cyberbullying, 1(2), 21-36.
  • Baldry, A. C., Sorrentino, A., Farrington, D. P., & Blaya, C. (2019). Epidemiology of Cyberbullying across Europe: Differences between Countries and Genders. Educatıonal Scıences: Theory & Practıce, 19(2), 74-91. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2019.2.005
  • Baldwin, J. R., Ayorech, Z., Rijsdijk, F. V., Schoeler, T., & Pingault, J. B. (2020). Cyber-victimisation and mental health in young people: A co-twin control study. Psychol Med, 4, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720001178
  • Bauman, S., & Baldasare, A. (2015). Cyber aggression among college students: Demographic differences, predictors of distress, and the role of the university. Journal of College Student Development, 56(4), 317–330. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2015.0039
  • Belsey, B. (2007). Cyberbullying: A real and growing threat. ATA Magazine, 88(1), 14-21.
  • Calpbinici, P., & Tas-Arslan, F. (2019). Virtual behaviors affecting adolescent mental health: The usage of Internet and mobile phone and cyberbullying. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 32(3), 139-148. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcap.12244
  • Craig, W., Boniel-Nissim, M., King, N., Walsh, S. D., Boer, M., Donnelly, P. D., Harel-Fisch, Y., Malinowska-Cieślik, M., Gaspar de Matos, M., Cosma, A., & Van den Eijnden, R. (2020). Social Media Use and Cyber-Bullying: A Cross-National Analysis of Young People in 42 Countries. Journal of Adolescent Health, 66(6), 100-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.03.006
  • Derogatis, L. R. (1992). BSI: Administration, scoring, and procedures Manual-II. Clinical Psychometric Research.
  • Dilmaç, B. (2009). Sanal zorbalığı yordayan psikolojik ihtiyaçlar: Lisans öğrencileri için bir ön çalışma [Psychological needs as a predictor of cyber bullying: a preliminary report on college students]. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, 9(3), 1291-1325.
  • Dinç, Y. (2020). Öğretmen Adaylarının Uzaktan Eğitim Tercihlerini Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi (YOK TEZ publication number: 659972) [Master dissertation, Necmettin Erbakan University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
  • Erdur-Baker, Ö. (2010). Cyberbullying and its correlation to traditional bullying, gender, and frequent and risky usage of internet-mediated communication tools. New Media & Society, 12(1), 109–125. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444809341260
  • Fansher, A. K., & Randa, R. (2019). Risky Social Media Behaviors and the Potential for Victimization: A Descriptive Look at College Students Victimized by Someone Met Online. Violence and Gender. 6(2), 115-123. https://doi.org/10.1089/vio.2017.0073
  • Felipe-Castaño, E., León-del-Barco, B., Polo-del-Río, M. I., Mendo-Lázaro, S., Gómez-Carroza, S., & Fajardo-Bullón, F. (2019). Differential Analysis of Psychopathological Impact of Cyberbullying in University Students. Front Psychol, 10, 1620. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01620
  • Fırat, M., & Ayran, G. (2016). Üniversite Öğrencileri Arasında Sanal Zorbalık [Cyberbullying among college students]. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 15(4), 322-329. https://doi.org/10.5455/pmb.1-1450776947
  • Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education. McGraw-Hill.
  • Freeman, D. (2016). Persecutory delusions: A cognitive perspective on understanding and treatment. Lancet Psychiatry, 3, 685-692. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(16)00066-3
  • Henson, B., Reyns, B. W., & Fisher, B. S. (2011). Security in the 21st Century: Examining the Link Between Online Social Media Activity, Privacy, and Interpersonal Victimization. Criminal Justice Review, 36(3), 253-268. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734016811399421
  • Ildırım, E., Çalıcı, C., & Erdoğan, B. (2017). Psychological correlates of cyberbullying and cyber-victimization. International Journal of Human and Behavioral Science, 3(2): 7-21. http://doi.org/10.19148/ijhbs.365829
  • Kemp, S. (2020). Digital in 2020: 3.8 billion people use social media. https://wearesocial.com/uk/blog/2020/01/digital-2020-3-8-billion-people-use-social-media/
  • Kowalski, R. M., & Whittaker, E. (2015). Cyberbullying: Prevalence, causes, and consequences. In L. D. Rosen, N. A. Cheever, L. M. Carrier, L. D. Rosen, N. A. Cheever, & L. M. Carrier (Eds.), The Wiley handbook of psychology, technology and society (pp. 142–157). Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N., & Lattanner, M. R. (2014). Bullying in the digital age: A critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth. Psychological Bulletin, 140, 1073–1137. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035618
  • Kowalski, R. M., Morgan, C. A., Drake-Lavelle, K., & Allison, B. (2016). Cyberbullying Among College Students with Disabilities. Computers in Human Behavior, 57, 416-427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.044
  • Kross, E., Verduyn, P., Demiralp, E., Park, J., Lee, D. S., Lin, N., Shablack, H., Jonides, J., & Ybarra, O. (2013). Facebook use predicts declines in subjective well-being in young adults. PLoS ONE, 8(8), Article e69841. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069841
  • Laconi, S., Kaliszewska-Czeremska, K., Gnisci, A., Sergi, I., Barke, A., Jeromin, F., Groth, J., Gamez-Guadix, M., Ozcan, N. K., Demetrovics, Z., Király, O., Siomos, K., Floros, G., & Kuss, D. J. (2018). Cross-cultural study of Problematic Internet Use in nine European countries. Computers in Human Behavior, 84, 430–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.03.020
  • Lenhart, A. (2015, August 6). Teens, Technology and Friendships. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2015/08/06/teens-technology-and-friendships/
  • Lin, L. Y., Sidani, J. E., Shensa, A., Radovic, A., Miller, E., Colditz, J. B., Hoffman, B. L., Giles, L. M., & Primack, B. A. (2016). Association between social media use and depression among U.S. young adults. Depression and Anxiety, 33 (4), 323-331. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22466
  • Lin, L., Liu, J., Cao, X., Wen, S., Xu, J., Xue, Z., & Lu, J. (2020). Internet addiction mediates the association between cyber-victimization and psychological and physical symptoms: Moderation by physical exercise. BMC Psychiatry, 20, Article 144. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02548-6
  • Mesch, G. S. (2009). Parental mediation, online activities, and cyberbullying. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 12(4), 387-393. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2009.0068
  • Özgür, H. (2016). Adapting the media and technology usage and attitudes scale to Turkish. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 16(5), 1711-1735. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2016.5.0085
  • Rosen, L. D., Whaling, K., Carrier, L. M., Cheever, N. A., & Rokkum, J. (2013). The Media and Technology Usage and Attitudes Scale: An empirical investigation. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2501–2511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.06.006
  • Şahin, N. H., & Durak, A. (1994). Kısa Semptom Envanteri: Türk gençleri için uyarlanması [Brief Symptom Inventory: Adaptation for the Turkish youth]. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 9, 44-56.
  • Sahin, N. H., Batigün, A. D., & Uğurtaş, S. (2002). The validity, reliability, and factor structure of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Turkish journal of psychiatry, 13(2), 125-135.
  • Sampasa-Kanyinga, H., & Hamilton H. A. (2015). Social mediaing sites and mental health problems in adolescents: The mediating role of cyberbullying victimization. European Psychiatry, 30(8), 1021-1027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.09.011
  • Schenk, A. M., Fremouw, W. J., & Keelan, C. M. (2013). Characteristics of College Cyberbullies. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 2320–2327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.05.013
  • Sorrentino, A., Baldry, A. C., Farrington, D. P., & Blaya, C. (2019). Epidemiology of cyberbullying across Europe: Differences between countries and genders. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 19(2), 74-91. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2019.2.005
  • Spears B. A, Taddeo C. M, Daly A. L, Stretton A, & Karklins L. T. (2015). Cyberbullying, helpseeking and mental health in young Australians: implications for public health. Int J Public Health, 60(2), 219–226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-014-0642-y
  • Topcu, Ç. (2014). Modeling the relationships among coping strategies, emotion regulation, rumination, and perceived social support in victims of cyber and traditional bullying (YOK TEZ publication number: 377835) [Doctoral dissertation, Middle East Technical University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
  • Wells, C. (2012, October 9). Family of Jessica Logan, who hanged herself after nude-picture sexting led to bullying, awarded $154,000 in settlement. Daily News. https://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/teen-bullying-victim-family-settlement-article-1.1178783
  • Yang, S. C. (2012). Paths to bullying in online gaming: The effects of gender, preference for playing violent games, hostility, and aggressive behavior on bullying. J. Educatıonal Computıng Research, 47(3), 235-249.
  • Ybarra, M. L., & Mitchell, K. J. (2004). Online aggressor/targets, aggressors, and targets: A comparison of associated youth characteristics. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(7), 1308–1316. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00328.x
  • Yıldırım, T. (2006). Sosyal kaygısı yüksek üniversite öğrencilerine uygulanan kısa-yoğun-acil psikoterapinin etkililiği (YOK TEZ publication number: 159443) [Doctoral dissertation, Hacettepe University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.

Investigation of University Students' Cyber Victimization Experience in Relation to Psychological Symptoms and Social Media Use

Year 2022, , 579 - 592, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.17066/tpdrd.12250824

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine university students' cyber-victimization experience in terms of psychological symptoms and social media use. A cross-sectional and self-reported survey was conducted among a total of 1746 undergraduate students. Data were collected through the Revised Cyber Bullying Inventory-II, Brief Symptom Inventory, and the Media and Technology Usage and Attitudes Scale. Chi-square analysis revealed non-significant gender differences for the cyber-victimization experience. Mann-Whitney U test results showed that psychological symptom scores and social media usage scores of cyber victims are significantly higher than non-victims. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that an increase in general social media usage, social media friendship, online friendship, hostility, and paranoid ideation increases the probability of reporting cyber-victimization. The results were discussed, and suggestions were provided in the light of the literature.

References

  • Akada, T., & Kabasakal, Z. (2018). Siber Zorbalık ve Üniversite Öğrencilerine İlişkin Bir Değerlendirme [An Evaluation Regarding Cyber Bullying and University Students]. Social Sciences Studies Journal, 4(24), 4977-4993. https://doi.org/10.26449/sssj.961
  • Andreassen, C. S., Billieux, J., Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J., Demetrovics, Z., Mazzoni, E., & Pallesen, S. (2016). The relationship between addictive use of social media and video games and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: A large-scale cross-sectional study. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 30(2), 252-262. https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000160
  • Arıcak, O. T. (2009). Psychiatric symptomatology as a predictor of cyberbullying among university students. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 34, 167-184.
  • Arıcak, O. T. (2011). Siber zorbalık: gençlerimizi bekleyen yeni tehlike [Cyberbullying is the new danger facing our youth.]. Kariyer Penceresi, 2(6), 10-12.
  • Ayas, T., & Horzum, M. B. (2014). Orta öğretim öğrencilerin psikolojik belirtilere göre sanal zorba ve sanal mağdur düzeylerinin yordanması [Prediction of cyberbully and cyber victimization levels of secondary school students according to psychological symptoms]. Online Journal of Technology Addiction & Cyberbullying, 1(2), 21-36.
  • Baldry, A. C., Sorrentino, A., Farrington, D. P., & Blaya, C. (2019). Epidemiology of Cyberbullying across Europe: Differences between Countries and Genders. Educatıonal Scıences: Theory & Practıce, 19(2), 74-91. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2019.2.005
  • Baldwin, J. R., Ayorech, Z., Rijsdijk, F. V., Schoeler, T., & Pingault, J. B. (2020). Cyber-victimisation and mental health in young people: A co-twin control study. Psychol Med, 4, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720001178
  • Bauman, S., & Baldasare, A. (2015). Cyber aggression among college students: Demographic differences, predictors of distress, and the role of the university. Journal of College Student Development, 56(4), 317–330. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2015.0039
  • Belsey, B. (2007). Cyberbullying: A real and growing threat. ATA Magazine, 88(1), 14-21.
  • Calpbinici, P., & Tas-Arslan, F. (2019). Virtual behaviors affecting adolescent mental health: The usage of Internet and mobile phone and cyberbullying. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 32(3), 139-148. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcap.12244
  • Craig, W., Boniel-Nissim, M., King, N., Walsh, S. D., Boer, M., Donnelly, P. D., Harel-Fisch, Y., Malinowska-Cieślik, M., Gaspar de Matos, M., Cosma, A., & Van den Eijnden, R. (2020). Social Media Use and Cyber-Bullying: A Cross-National Analysis of Young People in 42 Countries. Journal of Adolescent Health, 66(6), 100-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.03.006
  • Derogatis, L. R. (1992). BSI: Administration, scoring, and procedures Manual-II. Clinical Psychometric Research.
  • Dilmaç, B. (2009). Sanal zorbalığı yordayan psikolojik ihtiyaçlar: Lisans öğrencileri için bir ön çalışma [Psychological needs as a predictor of cyber bullying: a preliminary report on college students]. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, 9(3), 1291-1325.
  • Dinç, Y. (2020). Öğretmen Adaylarının Uzaktan Eğitim Tercihlerini Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi (YOK TEZ publication number: 659972) [Master dissertation, Necmettin Erbakan University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
  • Erdur-Baker, Ö. (2010). Cyberbullying and its correlation to traditional bullying, gender, and frequent and risky usage of internet-mediated communication tools. New Media & Society, 12(1), 109–125. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444809341260
  • Fansher, A. K., & Randa, R. (2019). Risky Social Media Behaviors and the Potential for Victimization: A Descriptive Look at College Students Victimized by Someone Met Online. Violence and Gender. 6(2), 115-123. https://doi.org/10.1089/vio.2017.0073
  • Felipe-Castaño, E., León-del-Barco, B., Polo-del-Río, M. I., Mendo-Lázaro, S., Gómez-Carroza, S., & Fajardo-Bullón, F. (2019). Differential Analysis of Psychopathological Impact of Cyberbullying in University Students. Front Psychol, 10, 1620. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01620
  • Fırat, M., & Ayran, G. (2016). Üniversite Öğrencileri Arasında Sanal Zorbalık [Cyberbullying among college students]. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 15(4), 322-329. https://doi.org/10.5455/pmb.1-1450776947
  • Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education. McGraw-Hill.
  • Freeman, D. (2016). Persecutory delusions: A cognitive perspective on understanding and treatment. Lancet Psychiatry, 3, 685-692. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(16)00066-3
  • Henson, B., Reyns, B. W., & Fisher, B. S. (2011). Security in the 21st Century: Examining the Link Between Online Social Media Activity, Privacy, and Interpersonal Victimization. Criminal Justice Review, 36(3), 253-268. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734016811399421
  • Ildırım, E., Çalıcı, C., & Erdoğan, B. (2017). Psychological correlates of cyberbullying and cyber-victimization. International Journal of Human and Behavioral Science, 3(2): 7-21. http://doi.org/10.19148/ijhbs.365829
  • Kemp, S. (2020). Digital in 2020: 3.8 billion people use social media. https://wearesocial.com/uk/blog/2020/01/digital-2020-3-8-billion-people-use-social-media/
  • Kowalski, R. M., & Whittaker, E. (2015). Cyberbullying: Prevalence, causes, and consequences. In L. D. Rosen, N. A. Cheever, L. M. Carrier, L. D. Rosen, N. A. Cheever, & L. M. Carrier (Eds.), The Wiley handbook of psychology, technology and society (pp. 142–157). Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N., & Lattanner, M. R. (2014). Bullying in the digital age: A critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth. Psychological Bulletin, 140, 1073–1137. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035618
  • Kowalski, R. M., Morgan, C. A., Drake-Lavelle, K., & Allison, B. (2016). Cyberbullying Among College Students with Disabilities. Computers in Human Behavior, 57, 416-427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.044
  • Kross, E., Verduyn, P., Demiralp, E., Park, J., Lee, D. S., Lin, N., Shablack, H., Jonides, J., & Ybarra, O. (2013). Facebook use predicts declines in subjective well-being in young adults. PLoS ONE, 8(8), Article e69841. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069841
  • Laconi, S., Kaliszewska-Czeremska, K., Gnisci, A., Sergi, I., Barke, A., Jeromin, F., Groth, J., Gamez-Guadix, M., Ozcan, N. K., Demetrovics, Z., Király, O., Siomos, K., Floros, G., & Kuss, D. J. (2018). Cross-cultural study of Problematic Internet Use in nine European countries. Computers in Human Behavior, 84, 430–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.03.020
  • Lenhart, A. (2015, August 6). Teens, Technology and Friendships. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2015/08/06/teens-technology-and-friendships/
  • Lin, L. Y., Sidani, J. E., Shensa, A., Radovic, A., Miller, E., Colditz, J. B., Hoffman, B. L., Giles, L. M., & Primack, B. A. (2016). Association between social media use and depression among U.S. young adults. Depression and Anxiety, 33 (4), 323-331. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22466
  • Lin, L., Liu, J., Cao, X., Wen, S., Xu, J., Xue, Z., & Lu, J. (2020). Internet addiction mediates the association between cyber-victimization and psychological and physical symptoms: Moderation by physical exercise. BMC Psychiatry, 20, Article 144. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02548-6
  • Mesch, G. S. (2009). Parental mediation, online activities, and cyberbullying. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 12(4), 387-393. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2009.0068
  • Özgür, H. (2016). Adapting the media and technology usage and attitudes scale to Turkish. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 16(5), 1711-1735. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2016.5.0085
  • Rosen, L. D., Whaling, K., Carrier, L. M., Cheever, N. A., & Rokkum, J. (2013). The Media and Technology Usage and Attitudes Scale: An empirical investigation. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2501–2511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.06.006
  • Şahin, N. H., & Durak, A. (1994). Kısa Semptom Envanteri: Türk gençleri için uyarlanması [Brief Symptom Inventory: Adaptation for the Turkish youth]. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 9, 44-56.
  • Sahin, N. H., Batigün, A. D., & Uğurtaş, S. (2002). The validity, reliability, and factor structure of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Turkish journal of psychiatry, 13(2), 125-135.
  • Sampasa-Kanyinga, H., & Hamilton H. A. (2015). Social mediaing sites and mental health problems in adolescents: The mediating role of cyberbullying victimization. European Psychiatry, 30(8), 1021-1027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.09.011
  • Schenk, A. M., Fremouw, W. J., & Keelan, C. M. (2013). Characteristics of College Cyberbullies. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 2320–2327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.05.013
  • Sorrentino, A., Baldry, A. C., Farrington, D. P., & Blaya, C. (2019). Epidemiology of cyberbullying across Europe: Differences between countries and genders. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 19(2), 74-91. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2019.2.005
  • Spears B. A, Taddeo C. M, Daly A. L, Stretton A, & Karklins L. T. (2015). Cyberbullying, helpseeking and mental health in young Australians: implications for public health. Int J Public Health, 60(2), 219–226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-014-0642-y
  • Topcu, Ç. (2014). Modeling the relationships among coping strategies, emotion regulation, rumination, and perceived social support in victims of cyber and traditional bullying (YOK TEZ publication number: 377835) [Doctoral dissertation, Middle East Technical University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
  • Wells, C. (2012, October 9). Family of Jessica Logan, who hanged herself after nude-picture sexting led to bullying, awarded $154,000 in settlement. Daily News. https://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/teen-bullying-victim-family-settlement-article-1.1178783
  • Yang, S. C. (2012). Paths to bullying in online gaming: The effects of gender, preference for playing violent games, hostility, and aggressive behavior on bullying. J. Educatıonal Computıng Research, 47(3), 235-249.
  • Ybarra, M. L., & Mitchell, K. J. (2004). Online aggressor/targets, aggressors, and targets: A comparison of associated youth characteristics. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(7), 1308–1316. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00328.x
  • Yıldırım, T. (2006). Sosyal kaygısı yüksek üniversite öğrencilerine uygulanan kısa-yoğun-acil psikoterapinin etkililiği (YOK TEZ publication number: 159443) [Doctoral dissertation, Hacettepe University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Taşkın Yıldıırm 0000-0002-6592-7865

Dilvin Tan Kurtay 0000-0003-2936-9496

Sonay Caner-yıldırım 0000-0002-0381-2798

Publication Date December 31, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Yıldıırm, T., Tan Kurtay, D., & Caner-yıldırım, S. (2022). Investigation of University Students’ Cyber Victimization Experience in Relation to Psychological Symptoms and Social Media Use. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 12(67), 579-592. https://doi.org/10.17066/tpdrd.12250824

!! From 30 November 2023, English language proofreading will be required for accepted articles to ensure language quality.