Adaptation of the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale in Children (8-14 Years) into Turkish Culture

Tuncay Oral; Aykut Günlü

Adaptation of the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale in Children (8-14 Years) into Turkish Culture

Abstract

The aim of this research is to adopt the "Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale in Children (8-14 Years)" to Turkish culture, and to conduct validity and reliability studies. The data in the study were obtained from a total of 385 students, 169 female and 216 male. The students in the study group were between the ages of 8-14 and the average age was 10.85. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the construct validity of the scale. In addition, one of the validity analyses, the criterion-related validity method, was utilized. Test-retest method, corrected item-total correlations for scale items and Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient methods were used for reliability analysis. In this study, confirmatory factor analysis results showed that the one-factor structure was well adapted as in the original form. The test-retest coefficient obtained was r = .72 in this research. The Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient of the scale is .82. In conclusion, findings of the study supported that the Turkish form of the scale is a reliable and valid instrument.

Keywords

Dysfunctional attitudes,children,validity,reliability

References

Acar, K. (2013). Futbol eğitimi alan çocuklarda problem çözme becerilerinin ve fonksiyonel olmayan tutumlarının incelenmesi [The investigation of problem-solving skills and non-functional behaviours of junior football players] (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Konya.
Akbaba-Türkoğlu, S. (2013). Depresif bozukluğu olan kadın hastalarda çocukluk çağı ruhsal travmaları ve fonksiyonel olmayan tutumlarla ilişkisi [Disfunctional attitudes and relationship with childhood traumas in female patients with depressive disorder] (Yayımlanmamış tıpta uzmanlık tezi). Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Eskişehir.
Atalan-Ergin, D. (2013). Ankara’da yaşayan ilköğretim öğrencilerinde olumsuz otomatik düşüncelerin incelenmesi[Analysıs of negatıve automatıc thoughts in elementary school students lıvıng in ankara] (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara.
Barnett, P.A. & Gotlib, I.H. (1988). Dysfunctional attitudes and psychosocial stress: The differential prediction of future pyshological symtomatolgy. Motivation and Emotion, 12(3), 251-270.
Bayram, N. (2016). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş AMOS uygulamaları[Introduction to structural equation medeling SEM applications]. (3th ed.). Bursa: Ezgi Yayıncılık.
Beck, A.T. (1979). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. New York, NY: A Meridian Book.
Beck, J. S. (2001). Cognitive therapy: Basic principles and beyond [Bilişsel terapi: Temel ilkeler ve ötesi]. (N.H. Şahin, trans.) Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları.
Beck, J.S. (2011). Cognitive behavior therapy: Basics and beyond (2th ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Beck, A.T. & Alford, B.A. (2009). Depression-causes and treatment (2th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Beck, A.T., Rush, A.J., Shaw, B.F. & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Bilgin, M. (2001). Üniversite öğrencilerinin değerlerinin ve fonksiyonel olmayan tutumlarının bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi [Investigation of university students’ values and dysfunctional attitudes in terms of some variables]. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 8(8), 33-54.
Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2016). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı [Handbook of data analysis for social sciences] (22th ed.). Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2014). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları [Multivariate statistics for social sciences: SPSS and LISREL practice] (3th ed.). Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
D’Alessandro, D.U. & Burton, K.D. (2006). Development and validation of the dysfunctional attitudes scale for children: Tests of Beck’s cognitive diathesis-stress theory of depression, of its causal mediation component and of developmental effects. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 30(3), 335-353.
Dinç, M. (2012). Aaron Temkin Beck: Eleştirel düşüncenin peşinden yaratıcı bir psikoterapi kuramına [Aaron Temkin Beck: After cricitical thinking to a creative psychotherapy theory]. Bilişsel Davranışçı Psikoterapi ve Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1, 70-76.
Duy, B. (2003). Bilişsel-davranışçı yaklaşıma dayalı grupla psikolojik danışmanın yalnızlık ve fonksiyonel olmayan tutumlar üzerine etkisi [The effect of cognitive-behavioral group counseling on loneliness and dysfunctional attitude] (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara.
Eryüksel, G.N. & Akün, E. (2003). Depresyonu olan ergenler ile ana babalarının aile ilişkilerinin ve bilişsel çarpıtmalarının incelenmesi [Family Relations and Cognitive Distortions in Depressive Adolescents and Their Parents], Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 18(51), 59-73.
Floyd, F.J. & Widaman, K.F. (1995). Factor analysis in the development and refinement of clinical assessment instruments. Psychological Assessment, 7(3), 286-299.
Gökçakan, Z. & Gökçakan, N. (2005). Depresyonda bilişsel terapi [Cognitive Therapy on Depression]. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(1), 91-101.
Gökdağ, C. (2014). Otomatik düşünceler, fonksiyonel olmayan tutumlar ve mizaç ve karakter arasındaki ilişkiler [The relationships between automatic thoughts, dysfunctional attitudes, and temperament and character] (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Ege Üniversitesi, İzmir.
Gül, E. (2016). Ergenlerde sosyal görünüş kaygısı ve sosyal karşılaştırmanın fonksiyonel olmayan tutum ve bilişsel çarpıtmalarla ilişkisi [Relationship between social appearance anxiety, social comparison and dysfuncitonal attitude, cognitive distortion in adolsencts] (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Üsküdar Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
Hamamcı, Z. & Duy, B. (2005). Bilişsel davranışçı yaklaşıma dayalı sosyal beceri eğitiminin üniversite öğrencilerinin yalnızlık düzeyleri ve fonksiyonel olmayan tutumları üzerindeki etkisi [The effect of social skill training based on cognitive behavioral approach on loneliness levels and dysfunctional attitudes of university students]. Eğitim Bilimleri ve Uygulama, 4(7), 3-20.
Hamarta, E. & Demirbaş, E. (2009). Lise öğrencilerinin utangaçlık ve benlik saygılarının fonksiyonel olmayan tutumlar açısından incelenmesi [Examination of shyness and self-esteem of high school students from the point of view of dysfunctional attitude]. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21, 239-247.
Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2006). Yeni insan ve insanlar [New person and people] (10th ed.). İstanbul: Evrim Yayınları.
Kaya, Ç. & Kaya, S. (2015). Öğretmen adaylarının fonksiyonel olmayan tutumları ile öğretmenlik mesleğine yönelik tutumları arasındaki ilişki [Relationship between prospective teachers’ dysfunctional attitudes and their attitudes towards the teaching profession]. Eğitim Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(1), 23-40.
Keser, N. & Voltan-Acar, N. (2013). Türk atasözlerinde bilişsel çarpıtmalar [Cognitive distortions in Turkish proverbs]. Akademik Bakış Dergisi, 35, 1-20.
Kınık, Ö. (2015). Üniversite öğrencilerinin akademik erteleme davranışları ile fonksiyonel olmayan tutumları, depresyon düzeyleri ve benlik saygıları arasındaki ilişki [The relationship between the academic procrastination behaviours, dysfunctional attitudes, depression levels and self esteem of university students] (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Trabzon.
Lovibond, P.F. & Lovibond, S.H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the depression anxiety stres scales (DASS) with the Beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335-343.
Meydan, C.H. & Şeşen, H. (2015). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi AMOS uygulamaları [Structural equation modeling SEM practice (2th ed.). Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
Oral, T. & Ersan, C. (2017). Çocuklarda (8-11 yaş) algılanan stres ölçeği’nin Türkçeye uyarlama çalışması [Adaptation of the perceived stress scale in children (8-11 years) into Turkish]. Selçuk Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 37, 419-428.
Padesky, C.A. (1994). Schema change processes in cognitive therapy. Clinical Psychology and Psycotherapy, 1(5), 267-268.
Robins, C.J. & Hayes, A.M. (1995). An appraisal of cognitive therapy. M.J. Mahoney (Ed.), Cognitive and constructive psychotherapies: Theory, research and practice in (pp. 41-65). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.
Schumacker, R.E. & Lomax, R.G. (2010). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling (3th ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.
Seçer, İ. (2015). SPSS ve LISREL ile pratik veri analizi [Practical data analysis with SPSS and LISREL]. (2th ed.). Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
Sharf, R.S. (2012). Theories of psychotherapy & counseling: Concepts and cases (5th ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Snoeren, F. & Hoefnagels, C. (2014). Measuring percieved social support and perceived stres among primary school children in the Netherlands. Child Indicators Research 7(3), 473-486.
Şahin, N.H. & Batıgün, A.D. (2016). Fonksiyonel olmayan tutumlar ölçeği kısa formu (FOTÖ-17) uyarlama çalışması [Turkish adaptation of disfunctional attitude scale - short form (DAS-17)]. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 19(38), 91-99.
Şahin, M. & Sarı, S.V. (2010). Ergenlerde görülen zorbalık eğiliminin bilişsel çarpıtmalar ve fonksiyonel olmayan tutumlarla ilişkisi [The relationship between bullying tendency in adolescents with cognitive distortions and dysfunctional attitudes]. Akademik Bakış Dergisi, 20, 1-14.
Şahin, N.H. & Şahin, N. (1992). How dysfunctional are the dysfunctional attitudes in another culture? British Journal of Medical Psychology, 65(1), 17-26.
Savaşır, I. & Şahin, N.H. (1997). Bilişsel-davranışçı terapilerde değerlendirme: Sık kullanılan ölçekler [Interpretation in cognitive-behavioral therapies: Frequently used scales]. Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları.
Şencan, H. (2005). Sosyal ve davranışsal ölçümlerde güvenirlik ve geçerlik [Reliability and validity in social and behavioral measurements]. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları.
Şenormancı, Ö., Konkan, R., Güçlü, O., Şenormancı, G. & Sungur, M.Z. (2013). The relationship between dysfunctional attitudes, ruminataion response styles and depression. Düşünen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 26(3), 239-247.
Tabachnick, B.G. & Fidell, L.S. (2012). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). New York, NY: Harper Collins College Publishers.
Tezbaşaran, A. (1996). Likert tipi ölçek geliştirme kılavuzu [Likert type scale development guide]. Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları.
Topal, H. (2011). Eğitim fakültesi öğrencilerinin kişilerarası problem çözme becerileri ve yönelimleri ile fonksiyonel olmayan tutumları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi [Analysis of the relationship of interpersonal problem solving skills and orientation in connection with dysfunctional attitudes in the faculty of education] (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana.
Türkçapar, M.H. (2008). Bilişsel terapi temel ilkeler ve uygulama [Cognitive therapy basic principles and practice] (4th ed.). Ankara: HYB Yayıncılık.
Ünsal-Barlas, G., Karaca, S., Onan, N., Öz, Y.C. Gürkan, A., Işık, I. & Sümeli, F. (2014). Estetik cerrahi hastalarında beden imajı, işlevsel olmayan tutumlar ve depresyon [Body image, dysfunctional attitudes, and depression in aesthetic surgery patients]. Turkish Journal of Plastic Surgery, 22(3), 108-113.
Vazquez, C. & Ring, J. M. (1993). Altered congitions in depression: Are dysfunctional attitudes stable? Personality and Individual Differences, 15(4), 475-479.
Weissman, A.N. & Beck, A.T. (1978). Development and validation of the dysfunctional attitude scale: A preliminary investigation. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED167619.pdf
Wenzel, A. (2012). Modification of core beliefs in cognitive therapy. I.R. Oliveira (Ed.), Standard and innovative strategies in cognitive behavior therapy in (pp. 17-34). Rijeka: InTech Open.

Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

Psychology

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Tuncay Oral ^* This is me
Türkiye

Aykut Günlü This is me
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 19, 2020

Submission Date

January 14, 2019

Acceptance Date

March 31, 2020

Published in Issue

Year 2020 Volume: 10 Number: 57

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA75DT23BN

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Oral, T., & Günlü, A. (2020). Adaptation of the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale in Children (8-14 Years) into Turkish Culture. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 10(57), 255-275. https://izlik.org/JA75DT23BN

AMA

1.Oral T, Günlü A. Adaptation of the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale in Children (8-14 Years) into Turkish Culture. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal. 2020;10(57):255-275. https://izlik.org/JA75DT23BN

Chicago

Oral, Tuncay, and Aykut Günlü. 2020. “Adaptation of the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale in Children (8-14 Years) into Turkish Culture”. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal 10 (57): 255-75. https://izlik.org/JA75DT23BN.

EndNote

Oral T, Günlü A (June 1, 2020) Adaptation of the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale in Children (8-14 Years) into Turkish Culture. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal 10 57 255–275.

IEEE

[1]T. Oral and A. Günlü, “Adaptation of the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale in Children (8-14 Years) into Turkish Culture”, Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, vol. 10, no. 57, pp. 255–275, June 2020, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA75DT23BN

ISNAD

Oral, Tuncay - Günlü, Aykut. “Adaptation of the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale in Children (8-14 Years) into Turkish Culture”. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal 10/57 (June 1, 2020): 255-275. https://izlik.org/JA75DT23BN.

JAMA

1.Oral T, Günlü A. Adaptation of the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale in Children (8-14 Years) into Turkish Culture. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal. 2020;10:255–275.

MLA

Oral, Tuncay, and Aykut Günlü. “Adaptation of the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale in Children (8-14 Years) into Turkish Culture”. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, vol. 10, no. 57, June 2020, pp. 255-7, https://izlik.org/JA75DT23BN.

Vancouver

1.Tuncay Oral, Aykut Günlü. Adaptation of the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale in Children (8-14 Years) into Turkish Culture. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal [Internet]. 2020 Jun. 1;10(57):255-7. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA75DT23BN