Ebeveyn Stres Ölçeği Türkçe Formu’nun Psikometrik Özellikleri

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Berry ve Jones (1995) tarafından geliştirilen Ebeveyn Stres Ölçeği'nin Türk ebeveynlere uyarlanmasıdır. Çalışma 534 ebeveyn ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ölçeğin geçerliliği, açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile incelenmiştir. Maddelerin ayırt ediciliği, güçlüğü ve bilgilendiriciliği Madde Cevap Kuramı kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Ölçeğin ayırt ediciliği, ayrıca alt ve üst % 27 puanları arasındaki fark bağımsız gruplar t-testi yapılarak sınanmıştır. Ebeveyn Stres Ölçeği ile Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği puanları arasında negatif, Ebeveyn Stres Ölçeği ile Algılanan Stres Ölçeği puanları arasında pozitif yönde ilişki olduğu bulunmuştur. İç tutarlılık katsayısının ölçeğin tamamı ve alt ölçekler için .70-.81 arasında olduğu gözlenmiştir. Bu bulgular, Ebeveyn Stres Ölçeği'nin Türk ebeveynlerin stres düzeyini ölçmek için geçerli ve güvenilir bir araç olduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

• Ebeveyn Stres Ölçeği
• Geçerlik
• Güvenirlik
• Madde Tepki Kuramı

The Psychometric Properties of Parental Stress Scale-Turkish Form

Abstract

The aim of this study is to adapt the Parental Stress Scale developed by Berry and Jones (1995) to Turkish parents. The study was carried out with 534 parents. The scale’s validity was examined with exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The discrimination, difficulty, and informativeness of the items were examined using the Item Response Theory. Independent samples t-test between the lower and upper 27% scores was performed to test the discrimination of the scale. It has been found that there was a negative relationship between the Parental Stress Scale and the Satisfaction with Life Scale scores, and a positive relationship between the Parental Stress Scale and the Perceived Stress Scale scores. The internal consistency coefficient of the scale and subscales were found to be between .70 and .81 respectively. The results showed that Parental Stress Scale is a valid and reliable tool for measuring parental stress level of Turkish parents.

Keywords

• Parental Stress Scale
• Validity
• Reliability
• Item Response Theory

References

1. Abidin, R. R. (1990). Parenting stress index. PSI manual. Psychological Assesment Resources, Inc.
2. Abidin, R. R. (2012). Parenting stress index-fourth edition. PAR. Lutz.
3. Baker, F. B. (2001). The basics of item response theory (2nd ed.). ERIC Clearinghouse on Assessment and Evaluation. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED458219.pdf
4. Berry,J., &Jones,W.(1995).The parental stress scale: Initial psychometric evidence. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 12, 463-472. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0265407595123009
5. Browne, K. (2005). Snowball sampling: using social networks to research non‐heterosexual women. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8(1), 47‐60. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000081663
6. Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Factor analysis: Basic concepts and using to development scale. Educational Administration in Theory and Practice, 32, 470-483. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/108451
7. Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Data analysis handbook for social sciences statistics, research design SPSS applications and interpretation. Pegem.
8. Cina, A., & Bodenmann, G. (2009). Context between stress the parents and childlike problem behavior. Childhood and Development, 18 (1), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1026/0942-5403.18.1.39

9. Chang, Y., Fine, M. A., Ispa, J., Thornburg, K. R., Sharp, E., & Wolfenstein, M. (2004). Understanding parenting stress among young, low-income, African-American, first- time mothers. Early Education and Development, 15, 265–282. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15566935eed1503_2
10. Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of percieved stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24(4), 385-396. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.2307/2136404
11. Crnic, K., & Low, C. (2002). Everyday stresses and parenting. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Vol. 5: Practical issues in parenting (2nd ed., pp. 243–367). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
12. Çekiç, A., Akbaş, T., & Hamamcı, Z. (2015). Anne baba stres ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Adaptation of parenting stress index into Turkish: The validity and the reliability study]. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 14(3), 647-667. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/223136
13. Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Multivariate statistics for social sciences: Applications of SPSS and LISREL. Pegem. Deater-Deckard, K., & The ALSPAC Research Team (1997, April). Parenting stress in different family contexts: A population study of intact, remarried, and single-mother families [Conference presentation]. Biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Washington D.C.
14. Deater-Deckard, K. (1998). Parenting stress and child adjustment: Some old hypotheses and new questions. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 5(3), 314–332. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2850.1998.tb00152.x
15. Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
16. Eskin, M., Harlak, H., Demirkıran, F., & Dereboy, Ç. (2013). The adaptation of the perceived stress scale into Turkish: A reliability and validity analysis. New Symposium Journal, 51(3), 132-140. http://yenisymposium.com/Pdf/EN-YeniSempozyum-c1d2631c.PDF
17. Fingerman, K. L., Cheng, Y. P., Birditt, K., & Zarit, S. (2012). Only as happy as the least happy child: Multiple grown children's problems and successes and middle-aged parents' well-being. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 67(2), 184–193. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbr08
18. Gabriel, B., & Bodenmann, G. (2006). Stress und coping bei paaren mit einem verhaltensauffälligkeiten kind. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 35(1) 59-64. https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443.35.1.59
19. Glading, S. T. (2002). Family therapy: History, theory and practice. Merril Prentice Hill.
20. Henderson, W.M., & Uecker, J. E. (2016). The role of religion in parenting satisfaction and parenting stress among young parents. The Sociological Quarterly, 57, 675–710. https://doi.org/10.1111/tsq.12147
21. Hortaçsu, N. (1997). İnsan ilişkileri [Human relationship]. İmge Publications.
22. Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6 (1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
23. Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th ed.). Guilford Publications.
24. Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer.
25. Mowder, B. A. (2005). Parent development theory: Understanding parents, parenting perceptions, and parenting behaviors. Journal of Early Childhood and Infant Psychology, 1, 45–64. https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA220766550&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=15546144&p=AONE&sw=w
26. Ostberg, M., & Hagekull, B. (2000). A structural modeling approach to the understanding of parenting stress. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 29, 615–625. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2904_13
27. Ostberg, M., Hagekull, B., & Wettergren, S. A. (1997). Measure of parental stress in mothers with small children: dimensionality, stability and validity. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 38(3), 199–208. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9450.00028
28. Özmen, S. K., & Özmen, A. (2012). Parent stress scale development. National Education Publications, 41(196), 20-32. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/442215
29. Petermann, U., & Petermann, F. (2006). Erziehungskompetenz. Kindheit und Entwicklung, 15(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1026/0942-5403.15.1.1
30. Pillemer, K., Suitor, J. J., Riffin, C., & Gilligan, M. (2017). Adult children's problems and mothers' well-being. Research on Aging, 39(3), 375–395. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027515611464
31. Rao, P. A., & Beidel, D. C. (2009). The impact of children with high-functioning autism on parental stress, sibling adjustment, and family functioning. Behavior Modification, 33, 437-451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145445509336427
32. Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cutrona, C. E. (1980). The revised UCLA loneliness scale: concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(3), 472-480. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.39.3.472
33. Smith, A. M., & Grzywacz, J. (2014). Health and well-being in midlife parents of children with special health needs. Families, Systems, and Health, 32(3), 303–312. https://doi.org/10.1037/fsh0000049
34. Umberson, D., Pudrovska, T., & Reczek, C. (2010). Parenthood, childlessness, and well-being: a life course perspective. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 72(3), 612–629. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00721.x
35. Webster-Stratton, C. (1990). Stress: a potential disruptor of parent perceptions and family interactions. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 19(4), 302-312. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1207/s15374424jccp1904_2