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The Effect of An Art-Enriched Group Counseling Program on Wellness Of University Students

Year 2007, Volume: 3 Issue: 28, 63 - 77, 23.04.2007

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of an art-enriched group counseling program (AWP) on wellness of METU students. The short form of Wellness Inventory was administered to 214 students from the Faculty of Education, Middle East Technical University. The effectiveness of AWP was
tested in an experimental design with one treatment and one non-treatment control group and four measurements (pre-test, post-test, and two follow-ups with two-week and four-month intervals). The experimental group composed of 6 students (3 females, 3 males) and the control group composed of 10 students (8 females, 2 males). The experimental group
participated in 8 week AWP (each session was 2.5 hours), while the non-treatment control group received no treatment. The results of the Mann Whitney U tests indicated that AWP is a useful tool for improving general wellness level and cognitive-emotional and life goal dimensions of wellness among university students.

References

  • Anderson, K. (1999). Promoting employee health: A guide to workplace wellness. Professional Safety, 44, 3, 15-18.
  • Anhaldt, L. (1994). Worksite health promotion programs: Before and after President Clinton’s proposed healthcare reform. Wellness Perspectives, 10(4), 26-39.
  • Ardell, D.B. (2001). Wellness Models. Ardell Wellness Report, 59(6), 4.
  • Askegaard, M.L. (2000). The impact of college wellness course on wellness knowledge, attitude, and behavior. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, The University of North Dakota.
  • Aydın, G. ve Tezer, E. (1991). İyimserlik, Sağ- lık Sorunları ve Akademik Başarı İlişkisi. Psikoloji Dergisi, 7, 26, 2-9.
  • Barnes, J.T. (1998). The impact of an undergraduate health education class on students’ wellness knowledge, attitude and behavior. Dissertation-Abstract-International-Social-Sciences, 58 (7-A).
  • Coleman, V.D. ve Farris-Dufrene, P.M. (1996). Art Therapy and Psychotherapy. Washington, DC: Accelerated Development.
  • Conrad, P. (1987). Potentials and pitfalls of worksite health promotion. The Millbank Quarterly, 65(2), 255-275.
  • Cormier, S. ve Cormier, B. (1998). Interviewing strategies for helpers. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2003). Legs or wings? A reply to R.S. Lazarus. Psychological Inquiry, 14(2), 113-115.
  • Davies, J., Davies, R. ve Heachock, S. (2003). A wellness program for faculty. Educational Leadership, 60(8), 68-71.
  • Davis, M.D., McKay, M., & Eshelman, E.R. (1982). The Relaxation and Stress Reduction Workbook. (Second Edition). Oakland: New Harbinger Publications.
  • Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Buletin, 77(2), 141-153.
  • Doğan, T. (2004). Üniversite öğrencilerinin iyilik halinin incelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Hacettepe Universitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Duran-Oğuz, N (2006). Wellness among Turkish university students: Investigating the construct and testing the effectiveness of an art-enriched wellness program. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Orta Doğu Teknik Universitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Fowler, B. E. (1988). The effects of a seven- week health education program on health locus of control, health knowledge, and reported health behaviors of high-risk adolescents. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati .
  • Giletta, K.S., Vrbanic, M.I., Elias, L.J. ve Saucier, D.M. (2003). A Mozart effect for women. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 96(3), 1086-1093.
  • Ginn, G.O. ve Henry, L.J. (2003). Wellness Programs in the Context of Strategic Human Resource. Management. Hospital Topics, 81(1), 23-29.
  • Goddaer, J. ve Abraham I. L. (1994). Effects of relaxing music on agitation during meals among nursing home residents with severe cognitive impairment. Arch Psychatric Nursing, 8, 150-158.
  • Grace, T.W. (1997). Health Problems of College Students. Journal of American College Health, 45(6), 243-251.
  • Graham, J. (1994). The art of emotionally disturbed adolescents: Designing a drawing program to adress violent imagery. American Journal of Art Therapy, 32(4), 115-122.
  • Güneri-Yerin, O. (2003). Wellness Inventory, Yayınlanmamış Araştırma Raporu.
  • Hattie, J.A., Myers, J.E. ve Sweeney, T.J. (2004). A factor structure of wellness: Theory, assessment, analysis, and practice. Journal of Counseling and Development, 82, 354-364.
  • Hermon, D.A. ve Hazler, S.R. (1999). Adherence to wellness model and perceptions of psychological well-being. Journal of Counseling and Development, 77(3), 339-344.
  • Hettler, B. (1980). Wellness promotion on a university campus. Family and Community Health,
  • Hollander, R.B. ve Langerman, J.J. (1988). Corporate characteristics and worksite health promotion programs: Survey findings from Fortune 500 companies. Social Science and Medicine, 26(5), 491- 501.
  • Kibler, W.E. ve Rider, M. S. (1983). Effects of progressive muscle relaxation and music on stress as measured by finger temperature response. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 39(2), 213-215.
  • Langan-Fox, J. (1991). The stability of work, self and interpersonal goals in young women and men. European Journal of Social Psychology, 21, 419-428.
  • Lee, J. ve Graham, A.V. (2001). Students’ Perception of Medical School Stress and their evaluation of a wellness elective. Medical Education, 35(7), 652-660.
  • Leibman, M. (1986). Art therapy for groups, a handbook of themes, games and exercises. Massachusetts: Brookline Books
  • Light, K.M. (1995). Wellness and the liberal arts: A new dimension in the core curriculum. Wellness Perspective, 11, 3, 28-36.
  • Linesch, D.G. (1988). Adolescent art therapy. New York: Brunner/ Mazel.
  • Maselli, R.L. (1998). An open studio pilot program: Art therapy in a health and wellness outreach ministry. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ursuline College, Ursuline.
  • Maşraf, F.U. (2003). The effect of a wellness oriented stress management program on stress level and coping strategies of university students. Yayınlan- mamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniver- sitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • McCalanahan, B.S. (1993). The influence of an undergraduate wellness class on student lifestyle behaviors: a comparison of a cognitive-based course and and activity based course, Wellness Perspectives, 4(4), 33-47.
  • McCraty R, Barrios-Choplin B, Atkinson M. ve Tomasino, D. (1998). The effects of different types of music on mood, tension, and mental clarity. Alternative Ther Health Med, 4(1),75-84.
  • McDonald, N.E. ve Davidson, S. (2000). The wellness program for medical faculty at the University of Ottawa: A work in progress. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 163(6), 735-739.
  • Mercedes-Ballbe, M. (1997). A group art therapy experience for immigrant adolescents. American Journal of Art Therapy, 36(1), 11-20.
  • Millar, J.S. ve Hull, C. (1997). Measuring human wellness. Social Indicators Research, 40, 147- 158.
  • Myers, D.G. ve Diener, E. (1995). Who is Happy? Psychological Science, 6(1), 10-19.
  • Myers, J.E. (1991). Wellness as the paradigm for counseling and development: the possible future. Counselor Education and Supervision, 30(3), 184-194.
  • Myers, J.E. ve Sweeney, T.J. (2005). The indivisible self: An evidence-based model of wellness (reprint). The Journal of Individual Psychology, 61(3), 269-279.
  • Myers, J.E., Sweeney, T.J., & Witmer, J.M. (2000). The wheel of wellness counseling for wellness: A holistic model for treatment planning. Journal of Counseling and Development, 78, 251-266.
  • Pallant, J. (2001). SPSS Survival Manual. Buckingham: Open University Press.
  • Palombi, B. J. (1992). Psychometric properties of wellness instruments. Journal of Counseling and Development, 71(2), 221-226.
  • Pateman, B. (2004). Healthier students, better learners. Educational Leadership,70-74.
  • Peterson, M. (1996). Health perception and behavior comparison between wellness program participants and non-participants. Journal of Wellness Perspectives, 12(3), 155-161.
  • Reynolds, F. C. (1990). Mentoring artistic adolescents through expressive therapy. Clearing House, 64(2), 83-87.
  • Riley, S. (1999). Contemporary Art therapy with adolescents. London, Philedelphia: Jessica Kingsley publishers.
  • Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton ; New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Ryan, R.M. ve Deci, E.L., (2001). On Happiness and human potentials: a review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 141-166.
  • Sarı, T. (2003). Wellness and its correlates’ among university students: relationship status, gender, place of residence and GPA. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Scheier, M.F. ve Carver, C.S. (1987). Dispositional optimism and physical well-being.: The influence of generalized outcome expectancies on health. Journal of Personality, 55(2), 169-210.
  • Seligman, M. ve Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5-14.
  • Siegel, B. (1989). Peace, love, and healing. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Soden, L.M. (1998). Insight Imagery: Towards Personal wellness through spontaneous art-making and emphatic co-reflection. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, University of Toronto, Ontorio.
  • Steiger, C.C. (1998). A role for school psychologists in health promotion: evaluation and modification of a health education curriculum in a public school. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey.
  • Street, S. (1994). The school counselor practices wellness. The School Counselor, 41,171-179.
  • Thompson, W.F., Schellenberg, E.G. ve Husain, G. (2001). Arousal, mood, and the Mozart Effect. Psychological Science, 12(3), 248-251.
  • Travis, J. W. ve Ryan, R. S. (1988). The Wellness Workbook (2nd ed.). Berkeley: Ten Speed Press. Wagstaff, C.A. (1997). Wellness and adolescents: The effects of a school based intervention. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, McGill University Montreal, Quebec.
  • Walker, R. ve Fraizer, A. (1993). The effect of a stress management educational program on the knowledge, attitude, behavior, and stress level of college students. Wellness Perspectives, 10(1), 52-60.
  • Watt, D., Verma, S. ve Flynn, L. (1998). Wellness Programs: A Review of the Evidence. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 158 (2), 224- 231.
  • Welle, H.M. ve Kittleson, M.J. (1994). The impact of college health education and physical education courses on wellness. Wellness Perspectives,
  • Williams, K. A., Kolar, M. M., Reger, B. E. ve Pearson, J. C. (2001). Evaluation of a wellness-based mindfullness stress reduction intervention: a controlled trial. American Journal of Health Promotion, 15(6), 422-432.
  • Witmer, J. M. ve Sweeney, T. J. (1992). A holistic model for wellness and prevention over the life span. Journal of Counseling and Development, 71(2), 140-149.
  • Zuckerman, D.M. (1980). Self-esteem, self- concept, and the life goals and sex-role attitudes of college students. Journal of Personality, 48(2), 149- 162.

Sanat Etkinlikleriyle Zenginleştirilmiş Grupla Psikolojik Danışma Programının Üniversite Öğrencilerinin İyilik Hali Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2007, Volume: 3 Issue: 28, 63 - 77, 23.04.2007

Abstract

Bu çalısmada “sanat etkinlikleriyle zenginlestirilmis iyilik hali grupla psikolojik danısma programının” (SEZP), üniversite ögrencilerinin iyilik hali üzerindeki etkisi incelenmistir. Çalısmada yilik Hali Envanteri Kısa Formu Orta Dogu Teknik Üniversitesi
Egitim Fakültesinde okumakta olan 214 ögrenciye uygulanmıstır. Bu arastırmada gelistirilen iyilik hali programının etkinligini test etmek amacıyla öntestsontest kontrol gruplu deneysel desen kullanılmıstır. Arastırmaya katılan 16 ögrencinin 6’sı (3 kız, 3 erkek) deney grubunu ve 10’u (8 kız, 2 erkek) kontrol grubunu
olusturmustur. Deney grubuna 8 hafta (her oturum 2.5 saat) süren SEZP uygulanırken kontrol grubuna hiçbir islem yapılmamıstır. Hem deney hem de kontrol grubu üyelerinden SEZP sonunda bir son-test ve programdan iki hafta ve dört ay sonra olmak üzere iki izleme ölçümü alınmıstır. Verilerin analizinde Mann Whitney U Testi kullanılmıstır. Sonuçlar, SEZP’in, ögrencilerin genel iyilik hali ile iyilik halinin bilissel-duygusal ve
yasam hedefleri boyutları üzerinde olumlu etkileri oldugunu
göstermistir.

References

  • Anderson, K. (1999). Promoting employee health: A guide to workplace wellness. Professional Safety, 44, 3, 15-18.
  • Anhaldt, L. (1994). Worksite health promotion programs: Before and after President Clinton’s proposed healthcare reform. Wellness Perspectives, 10(4), 26-39.
  • Ardell, D.B. (2001). Wellness Models. Ardell Wellness Report, 59(6), 4.
  • Askegaard, M.L. (2000). The impact of college wellness course on wellness knowledge, attitude, and behavior. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, The University of North Dakota.
  • Aydın, G. ve Tezer, E. (1991). İyimserlik, Sağ- lık Sorunları ve Akademik Başarı İlişkisi. Psikoloji Dergisi, 7, 26, 2-9.
  • Barnes, J.T. (1998). The impact of an undergraduate health education class on students’ wellness knowledge, attitude and behavior. Dissertation-Abstract-International-Social-Sciences, 58 (7-A).
  • Coleman, V.D. ve Farris-Dufrene, P.M. (1996). Art Therapy and Psychotherapy. Washington, DC: Accelerated Development.
  • Conrad, P. (1987). Potentials and pitfalls of worksite health promotion. The Millbank Quarterly, 65(2), 255-275.
  • Cormier, S. ve Cormier, B. (1998). Interviewing strategies for helpers. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2003). Legs or wings? A reply to R.S. Lazarus. Psychological Inquiry, 14(2), 113-115.
  • Davies, J., Davies, R. ve Heachock, S. (2003). A wellness program for faculty. Educational Leadership, 60(8), 68-71.
  • Davis, M.D., McKay, M., & Eshelman, E.R. (1982). The Relaxation and Stress Reduction Workbook. (Second Edition). Oakland: New Harbinger Publications.
  • Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Buletin, 77(2), 141-153.
  • Doğan, T. (2004). Üniversite öğrencilerinin iyilik halinin incelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Hacettepe Universitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Duran-Oğuz, N (2006). Wellness among Turkish university students: Investigating the construct and testing the effectiveness of an art-enriched wellness program. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Orta Doğu Teknik Universitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Fowler, B. E. (1988). The effects of a seven- week health education program on health locus of control, health knowledge, and reported health behaviors of high-risk adolescents. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati .
  • Giletta, K.S., Vrbanic, M.I., Elias, L.J. ve Saucier, D.M. (2003). A Mozart effect for women. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 96(3), 1086-1093.
  • Ginn, G.O. ve Henry, L.J. (2003). Wellness Programs in the Context of Strategic Human Resource. Management. Hospital Topics, 81(1), 23-29.
  • Goddaer, J. ve Abraham I. L. (1994). Effects of relaxing music on agitation during meals among nursing home residents with severe cognitive impairment. Arch Psychatric Nursing, 8, 150-158.
  • Grace, T.W. (1997). Health Problems of College Students. Journal of American College Health, 45(6), 243-251.
  • Graham, J. (1994). The art of emotionally disturbed adolescents: Designing a drawing program to adress violent imagery. American Journal of Art Therapy, 32(4), 115-122.
  • Güneri-Yerin, O. (2003). Wellness Inventory, Yayınlanmamış Araştırma Raporu.
  • Hattie, J.A., Myers, J.E. ve Sweeney, T.J. (2004). A factor structure of wellness: Theory, assessment, analysis, and practice. Journal of Counseling and Development, 82, 354-364.
  • Hermon, D.A. ve Hazler, S.R. (1999). Adherence to wellness model and perceptions of psychological well-being. Journal of Counseling and Development, 77(3), 339-344.
  • Hettler, B. (1980). Wellness promotion on a university campus. Family and Community Health,
  • Hollander, R.B. ve Langerman, J.J. (1988). Corporate characteristics and worksite health promotion programs: Survey findings from Fortune 500 companies. Social Science and Medicine, 26(5), 491- 501.
  • Kibler, W.E. ve Rider, M. S. (1983). Effects of progressive muscle relaxation and music on stress as measured by finger temperature response. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 39(2), 213-215.
  • Langan-Fox, J. (1991). The stability of work, self and interpersonal goals in young women and men. European Journal of Social Psychology, 21, 419-428.
  • Lee, J. ve Graham, A.V. (2001). Students’ Perception of Medical School Stress and their evaluation of a wellness elective. Medical Education, 35(7), 652-660.
  • Leibman, M. (1986). Art therapy for groups, a handbook of themes, games and exercises. Massachusetts: Brookline Books
  • Light, K.M. (1995). Wellness and the liberal arts: A new dimension in the core curriculum. Wellness Perspective, 11, 3, 28-36.
  • Linesch, D.G. (1988). Adolescent art therapy. New York: Brunner/ Mazel.
  • Maselli, R.L. (1998). An open studio pilot program: Art therapy in a health and wellness outreach ministry. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ursuline College, Ursuline.
  • Maşraf, F.U. (2003). The effect of a wellness oriented stress management program on stress level and coping strategies of university students. Yayınlan- mamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniver- sitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • McCalanahan, B.S. (1993). The influence of an undergraduate wellness class on student lifestyle behaviors: a comparison of a cognitive-based course and and activity based course, Wellness Perspectives, 4(4), 33-47.
  • McCraty R, Barrios-Choplin B, Atkinson M. ve Tomasino, D. (1998). The effects of different types of music on mood, tension, and mental clarity. Alternative Ther Health Med, 4(1),75-84.
  • McDonald, N.E. ve Davidson, S. (2000). The wellness program for medical faculty at the University of Ottawa: A work in progress. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 163(6), 735-739.
  • Mercedes-Ballbe, M. (1997). A group art therapy experience for immigrant adolescents. American Journal of Art Therapy, 36(1), 11-20.
  • Millar, J.S. ve Hull, C. (1997). Measuring human wellness. Social Indicators Research, 40, 147- 158.
  • Myers, D.G. ve Diener, E. (1995). Who is Happy? Psychological Science, 6(1), 10-19.
  • Myers, J.E. (1991). Wellness as the paradigm for counseling and development: the possible future. Counselor Education and Supervision, 30(3), 184-194.
  • Myers, J.E. ve Sweeney, T.J. (2005). The indivisible self: An evidence-based model of wellness (reprint). The Journal of Individual Psychology, 61(3), 269-279.
  • Myers, J.E., Sweeney, T.J., & Witmer, J.M. (2000). The wheel of wellness counseling for wellness: A holistic model for treatment planning. Journal of Counseling and Development, 78, 251-266.
  • Pallant, J. (2001). SPSS Survival Manual. Buckingham: Open University Press.
  • Palombi, B. J. (1992). Psychometric properties of wellness instruments. Journal of Counseling and Development, 71(2), 221-226.
  • Pateman, B. (2004). Healthier students, better learners. Educational Leadership,70-74.
  • Peterson, M. (1996). Health perception and behavior comparison between wellness program participants and non-participants. Journal of Wellness Perspectives, 12(3), 155-161.
  • Reynolds, F. C. (1990). Mentoring artistic adolescents through expressive therapy. Clearing House, 64(2), 83-87.
  • Riley, S. (1999). Contemporary Art therapy with adolescents. London, Philedelphia: Jessica Kingsley publishers.
  • Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton ; New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Ryan, R.M. ve Deci, E.L., (2001). On Happiness and human potentials: a review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 141-166.
  • Sarı, T. (2003). Wellness and its correlates’ among university students: relationship status, gender, place of residence and GPA. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Scheier, M.F. ve Carver, C.S. (1987). Dispositional optimism and physical well-being.: The influence of generalized outcome expectancies on health. Journal of Personality, 55(2), 169-210.
  • Seligman, M. ve Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5-14.
  • Siegel, B. (1989). Peace, love, and healing. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Soden, L.M. (1998). Insight Imagery: Towards Personal wellness through spontaneous art-making and emphatic co-reflection. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, University of Toronto, Ontorio.
  • Steiger, C.C. (1998). A role for school psychologists in health promotion: evaluation and modification of a health education curriculum in a public school. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey.
  • Street, S. (1994). The school counselor practices wellness. The School Counselor, 41,171-179.
  • Thompson, W.F., Schellenberg, E.G. ve Husain, G. (2001). Arousal, mood, and the Mozart Effect. Psychological Science, 12(3), 248-251.
  • Travis, J. W. ve Ryan, R. S. (1988). The Wellness Workbook (2nd ed.). Berkeley: Ten Speed Press. Wagstaff, C.A. (1997). Wellness and adolescents: The effects of a school based intervention. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, McGill University Montreal, Quebec.
  • Walker, R. ve Fraizer, A. (1993). The effect of a stress management educational program on the knowledge, attitude, behavior, and stress level of college students. Wellness Perspectives, 10(1), 52-60.
  • Watt, D., Verma, S. ve Flynn, L. (1998). Wellness Programs: A Review of the Evidence. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 158 (2), 224- 231.
  • Welle, H.M. ve Kittleson, M.J. (1994). The impact of college health education and physical education courses on wellness. Wellness Perspectives,
  • Williams, K. A., Kolar, M. M., Reger, B. E. ve Pearson, J. C. (2001). Evaluation of a wellness-based mindfullness stress reduction intervention: a controlled trial. American Journal of Health Promotion, 15(6), 422-432.
  • Witmer, J. M. ve Sweeney, T. J. (1992). A holistic model for wellness and prevention over the life span. Journal of Counseling and Development, 71(2), 140-149.
  • Zuckerman, D.M. (1980). Self-esteem, self- concept, and the life goals and sex-role attitudes of college students. Journal of Personality, 48(2), 149- 162.
There are 66 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Nagihan Oğuz Duran This is me

Esin Tezer This is me

Publication Date April 23, 2007
Published in Issue Year 2007 Volume: 3 Issue: 28

Cite

APA Oğuz Duran, N., & Tezer, E. (2007). The Effect of An Art-Enriched Group Counseling Program on Wellness Of University Students. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 3(28), 63-77. https://doi.org/10.17066/pdrd.71513

!! From 30 November 2023, English language proofreading will be required for accepted articles to ensure language quality.