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The Predictive Role of Life Goals and Psychological Need Satisfaction On Subjective Well-Being

Year 2010, Volume: 4 Issue: 34, 109 - 116, 26.05.2010

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the predictive role of life goals and psychological need satisfaction on subjective well-being. Participants of the study were composed of 1474 students from 14 state universities in Turkey. These students 777 were males and 697 were females who with age range of 18 to 28, and mean age of 21.6 (SD=2.1). In order to gather data Life Goals Scale (İlhan, 2009), Negative-Positive Affect Schedule (Gençöz, 2000), Satisfaction with Life Scale (Köker, 1991), and Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction Scale (Cihangir-Çankaya ve Bacanlı, 2003) were used. In order to test the hypotheses t-test and multiple hierarchical regression analysis were performed. Results demonstrated that female students gave more importance to intrinsic life goals and attractiveness (subscale of extrinsic life goals) compared to males. Intrinsic goals and need satisfaction were more significantly predictive with SWB than extrinsic goals. Results were discussed under the light of literature and some suggestions were presented for the future research.

References

  • Bauer, J. J., & McAdams, D. P. (2004). Growth goals, maturity, and well-being. Developmental Psychology, 40(1), 114–127.
  • Brunstein, J. C. (1993). Personal goals and subjective well- being: A longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1061–1070.
  • Chirkov, V., & Ryan, R. M. (2001). Parent and teacher autonomy-support in Russian and U.S. adolescents: Common effects on well-being and academic motivation. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32, 618–635.
  • Chirkov, V. I., Ryan, R. M., Kim, Y., & Kaplan, U. (2003). Differentiating autonomy from individualism and independence: A self-determination theory perspective on internalization of cultural orientations and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 97-110.
  • Cihangir-Çankaya, Z. ve Bacanlı, H. (2003). İhtiyaç doyum ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. VII. Ulusal Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Kongresi, Malatya.
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1980). The empirical exploration of intrinsic motivational processes. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, 13, 39–80. New York: Academic.
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum.
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268.
  • Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Gagne, M., Leone, D. R., Usunov, J., & Kornazheva, B. P. (2001). Need satisfaction, motivation, and well-being in the work organizations of a former Eastern bloc country: A cross-cultural study of self-determination. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 930–942.
  • Diener, E., Emmons R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
  • Emmons, R. A. (1986). Personal strivings: An approach to personality and subjective well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1058–1068.
  • Gençöz, T. (2000). Pozitif ve negatif duygu ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 15(46), 19–26.
  • İlhan, T. (2005). Öznel iyi oluşa dayalı mizah tarzları modeli. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • İlhan, T. (2009). Üniversite öğrencilerinin benlik uyumu modeli: Yaşam amaçları, temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlar ve öznel iyi oluş. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Judge T. A., Bono, J. E., Erez, A., & Locke, E. A. (2005). Core self-evaluations and job and life satisfaction: The role of self-concordance and goal attainment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(2), 257-267.
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (1996). The autonomous-relational self: A new synthesis. European Psychologist, 1(3), 180-186.
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (1998). Kültürel Psikoloji: Kültür Bağlamında İnsan ve Aile (1. Baskı). İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2005). Autonomy and relatedness in cultural context: Implications for self and family. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36, 403–422.
  • Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (1993). A dark side of the American dream: Correlates of financial success as a central life aspiration. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(2), 410-422.
  • Kasser, T., Ryan, R. M., Zax, M., & Sameroff, A. J. (1995). The relations of maternal and social environments to late adolescents’ materialistic and prosocial values. Developmental Psychology, 31(6), 907-914.
  • Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (1996). Further examining the American dream: differential correlates of intrinsic and extrinsic goals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 280–287
  • Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (2001). Be careful what you wish for: Optimal functioning and relative attainment of intrinsic and extrinsic goals. In P. Schmuck & K. M. Sheldon (Eds), Life goals and well-being: Towards a positive psychology of human striving (pp. 116-131). Göttingen, Germany: Hogrefe & Huber Publishers.
  • Kasser, T., & Ahuiva, A. (2002). Metarialistic values and well-being in business students. European Journal of Social Psychology, 32, 137-146.
  • Kim, Y., Kasser, T., & Lee, H. (2003). Self-concept, aspirations, and well-being in South Korea and the United States. Journal of Social Psychology, 143, 277-290.
  • Köker, S. (1991). Normal ve sorunlu ergenlerin yaşam doyumu düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Oishi, S. (2000). Goals as cornerstones of subjective well- being: Linking individuals and cultures. In E. Diener & E. M. Suh (Eds.), Culture and subjective well-being (pp. 87–112). Cambridge, MA: Bradford.
  • Pöhlmann, K. (2001). Agency and communion-orientation in life goals: Impacts on goal pursuit strategies and psychological well-being. In P. Schmuck & K. M. Sheldon (Eds.), Life goals and well-being: Towards a positive psychology of human striving (pp. 68-84). Göttingen, Germany: Hogrefe & Huber Publishers.
  • Reis, H. T., Sheldon, K. M., Gable, S. L., Roscoe, J., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). Daily well-being: The role of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 419–435.
  • Roberts, B. W., O’Donnell, M., & Robins, R. W. (2004). Goal and personality trait development in emerging adulthood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87(4), 541–550.
  • Ryan, R. M., Sheldon, K. M., Kasser, T., & Deci, E. L. (1996). All goals are not created equal: An organismic perspective on the nature of goals and their regulation. In P. M. Gollwitzer & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), The psychology of action: Linking cognition and motivation to behavior (pp. 7–26). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Ryan, R. M., Chirkov, V. I., Little, T. D., Sheldon, K. M., Timoshina, E., & Deci, E. L. (1999). The American dream in Russia: Extrinsic aspirations and well-being in two cultures. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 1509–1524.
  • Ryan, R. M. & Deci, E. L., (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78 .
  • Schmuck, P. (2001). Intrinsic and extrinsic life goals preferences as measured via inventories and via priming methodologies: Mean differences and relations with well-being. In P. Schmuck & K. M. Sheldon (Eds.), Life goals and well-being: Towards a positive psychology of human striving (pp. 132-147). Göttingen, Germany: Hogrefe & Huber Publishers.
  • Schmuck, P., Kasser, T., & Ryan, R.M. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic goals: Their structure and relationship to well-being in German and U.S. college students. Social Indicators Research, 50, 225–241.
  • Schmuck, P., & Sheldon, K.M. (2001). Life goals and well-being: To the frontiers of life goal research. In P. Schmuck & K.M. Sheldon (Eds.), Life goals and well-being: Towards a positive psychology of human striving (pp. 1-17). Göttingen, Germany: Hogrefe & Huber Publishers.
  • Sheldon, K.M., Ryan, R.M., & Reis, H.R. (1996). What makes for a good day? Competence and autonomy in the day and in the person. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 1270-1279.
  • Sheldon, K. M., & Elliot, A. J. (1999). Goal striving, need satisfaction and longitudinal well-being: The self- concordance model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 482–497.
  • Sheldon, K. M., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2006). How to increase and sustain positive emotion: The effects of expressing gratitude and visualizing best possible selves. Journal of Positive Psychology, 1, 73-82.
  • Tkach, C., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2006). How do people pursue happiness? Relating personality, happiness- increasing strategies, and well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 7, 183–225.
  • Tsai, J. L., Miao, F. F, Seppala, E., Fung, H. F., & Yeung, D. Y. (2007). Influence and adjustment goals: Sources of cultural differences in ideal affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(6), 1102–1117.
  • Vansteenkiste, M., Simons, J., Lens, W., Soenens, B., & Matos, L. (2005). Examining the motivational impact of intrinsic versus extrinsic goal framing and autonomy-supportive versus internally controlling communication style on early adolescents’ academic achievement. Child Development, 2, 483-501.
  • Vansteenkiste, M., Duriez, B., Simons, J., & Soenens, B. (2006a). Materialistic values and well-being among business students: Further evidence of their detrimental effect. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36(12), 2892-2908.
  • Vansteenkiste, M., Lens, W., Edward L., & Deci, E. L. (2006b). Intrinsic versus extrinsic goal contents in self-determination theory: Another look at the quality of academic motivation. Educational Psychologist, 41(1), 19–31.
  • Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070.
  • Yetim, Ü. (2001). Toplumdan bireye mutluluk resimleri. İstanbul: Bağlam Yayıncılık.

Yaşam Amaçlarının ve Psikolojik İhtiyaç Doyumunun Öznel İyi Oluş Üzerindeki Yordayıcı Rolü

Year 2010, Volume: 4 Issue: 34, 109 - 116, 26.05.2010

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı, yaşam amaçları ve ihtiyaç doyumunun öznel iyi oluşu ne düzeyde yordadığını incelemektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubuna 14 devlet üniversitesinin çeşitli fakülte ve bölümlerinde okuyan 18–28 yaş aralığında (X= 21.6; S= 2.1) 777 erkek, 697 kız, toplam 1474 öğrenci alınmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında Yaşam Amaçları Ölçeği (İlhan, 2009), Olumlu-Olumsuz Duygu Ölçeği (Gençöz, 2000), Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği (Köker, 1991) ve İhtiyaç Doyum Ölçeği (Cihangir-Çankaya ve Bacanlı, 2003) kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada öne sürülen hipotezleri test etmek için t-testi ve bloklar arası hiyerarşik çoklu regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Bulgulara göre kız üniversite öğrencileri içsel amaçların tamamını ve dışsal amaçların alt boyutlarından fiziksel çekiciliği erkek üniversite öğrencilerinden daha fazla önemsemektedirler. Regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre, ihtiyaç doyumu ve içsel amaçlar öznel iyi oluşu dışsal amaçlardan daha fazla yordamaktadır. Sonuçlar literatür ışığında tartışılmış ve ileride yapılacak araştırmalara yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

References

  • Bauer, J. J., & McAdams, D. P. (2004). Growth goals, maturity, and well-being. Developmental Psychology, 40(1), 114–127.
  • Brunstein, J. C. (1993). Personal goals and subjective well- being: A longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1061–1070.
  • Chirkov, V., & Ryan, R. M. (2001). Parent and teacher autonomy-support in Russian and U.S. adolescents: Common effects on well-being and academic motivation. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32, 618–635.
  • Chirkov, V. I., Ryan, R. M., Kim, Y., & Kaplan, U. (2003). Differentiating autonomy from individualism and independence: A self-determination theory perspective on internalization of cultural orientations and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 97-110.
  • Cihangir-Çankaya, Z. ve Bacanlı, H. (2003). İhtiyaç doyum ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. VII. Ulusal Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Kongresi, Malatya.
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1980). The empirical exploration of intrinsic motivational processes. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, 13, 39–80. New York: Academic.
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum.
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268.
  • Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Gagne, M., Leone, D. R., Usunov, J., & Kornazheva, B. P. (2001). Need satisfaction, motivation, and well-being in the work organizations of a former Eastern bloc country: A cross-cultural study of self-determination. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 930–942.
  • Diener, E., Emmons R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
  • Emmons, R. A. (1986). Personal strivings: An approach to personality and subjective well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1058–1068.
  • Gençöz, T. (2000). Pozitif ve negatif duygu ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 15(46), 19–26.
  • İlhan, T. (2005). Öznel iyi oluşa dayalı mizah tarzları modeli. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • İlhan, T. (2009). Üniversite öğrencilerinin benlik uyumu modeli: Yaşam amaçları, temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlar ve öznel iyi oluş. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Judge T. A., Bono, J. E., Erez, A., & Locke, E. A. (2005). Core self-evaluations and job and life satisfaction: The role of self-concordance and goal attainment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(2), 257-267.
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (1996). The autonomous-relational self: A new synthesis. European Psychologist, 1(3), 180-186.
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (1998). Kültürel Psikoloji: Kültür Bağlamında İnsan ve Aile (1. Baskı). İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2005). Autonomy and relatedness in cultural context: Implications for self and family. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36, 403–422.
  • Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (1993). A dark side of the American dream: Correlates of financial success as a central life aspiration. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(2), 410-422.
  • Kasser, T., Ryan, R. M., Zax, M., & Sameroff, A. J. (1995). The relations of maternal and social environments to late adolescents’ materialistic and prosocial values. Developmental Psychology, 31(6), 907-914.
  • Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (1996). Further examining the American dream: differential correlates of intrinsic and extrinsic goals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 280–287
  • Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (2001). Be careful what you wish for: Optimal functioning and relative attainment of intrinsic and extrinsic goals. In P. Schmuck & K. M. Sheldon (Eds), Life goals and well-being: Towards a positive psychology of human striving (pp. 116-131). Göttingen, Germany: Hogrefe & Huber Publishers.
  • Kasser, T., & Ahuiva, A. (2002). Metarialistic values and well-being in business students. European Journal of Social Psychology, 32, 137-146.
  • Kim, Y., Kasser, T., & Lee, H. (2003). Self-concept, aspirations, and well-being in South Korea and the United States. Journal of Social Psychology, 143, 277-290.
  • Köker, S. (1991). Normal ve sorunlu ergenlerin yaşam doyumu düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Oishi, S. (2000). Goals as cornerstones of subjective well- being: Linking individuals and cultures. In E. Diener & E. M. Suh (Eds.), Culture and subjective well-being (pp. 87–112). Cambridge, MA: Bradford.
  • Pöhlmann, K. (2001). Agency and communion-orientation in life goals: Impacts on goal pursuit strategies and psychological well-being. In P. Schmuck & K. M. Sheldon (Eds.), Life goals and well-being: Towards a positive psychology of human striving (pp. 68-84). Göttingen, Germany: Hogrefe & Huber Publishers.
  • Reis, H. T., Sheldon, K. M., Gable, S. L., Roscoe, J., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). Daily well-being: The role of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 419–435.
  • Roberts, B. W., O’Donnell, M., & Robins, R. W. (2004). Goal and personality trait development in emerging adulthood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87(4), 541–550.
  • Ryan, R. M., Sheldon, K. M., Kasser, T., & Deci, E. L. (1996). All goals are not created equal: An organismic perspective on the nature of goals and their regulation. In P. M. Gollwitzer & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), The psychology of action: Linking cognition and motivation to behavior (pp. 7–26). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Ryan, R. M., Chirkov, V. I., Little, T. D., Sheldon, K. M., Timoshina, E., & Deci, E. L. (1999). The American dream in Russia: Extrinsic aspirations and well-being in two cultures. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 1509–1524.
  • Ryan, R. M. & Deci, E. L., (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78 .
  • Schmuck, P. (2001). Intrinsic and extrinsic life goals preferences as measured via inventories and via priming methodologies: Mean differences and relations with well-being. In P. Schmuck & K. M. Sheldon (Eds.), Life goals and well-being: Towards a positive psychology of human striving (pp. 132-147). Göttingen, Germany: Hogrefe & Huber Publishers.
  • Schmuck, P., Kasser, T., & Ryan, R.M. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic goals: Their structure and relationship to well-being in German and U.S. college students. Social Indicators Research, 50, 225–241.
  • Schmuck, P., & Sheldon, K.M. (2001). Life goals and well-being: To the frontiers of life goal research. In P. Schmuck & K.M. Sheldon (Eds.), Life goals and well-being: Towards a positive psychology of human striving (pp. 1-17). Göttingen, Germany: Hogrefe & Huber Publishers.
  • Sheldon, K.M., Ryan, R.M., & Reis, H.R. (1996). What makes for a good day? Competence and autonomy in the day and in the person. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 1270-1279.
  • Sheldon, K. M., & Elliot, A. J. (1999). Goal striving, need satisfaction and longitudinal well-being: The self- concordance model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 482–497.
  • Sheldon, K. M., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2006). How to increase and sustain positive emotion: The effects of expressing gratitude and visualizing best possible selves. Journal of Positive Psychology, 1, 73-82.
  • Tkach, C., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2006). How do people pursue happiness? Relating personality, happiness- increasing strategies, and well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 7, 183–225.
  • Tsai, J. L., Miao, F. F, Seppala, E., Fung, H. F., & Yeung, D. Y. (2007). Influence and adjustment goals: Sources of cultural differences in ideal affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(6), 1102–1117.
  • Vansteenkiste, M., Simons, J., Lens, W., Soenens, B., & Matos, L. (2005). Examining the motivational impact of intrinsic versus extrinsic goal framing and autonomy-supportive versus internally controlling communication style on early adolescents’ academic achievement. Child Development, 2, 483-501.
  • Vansteenkiste, M., Duriez, B., Simons, J., & Soenens, B. (2006a). Materialistic values and well-being among business students: Further evidence of their detrimental effect. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36(12), 2892-2908.
  • Vansteenkiste, M., Lens, W., Edward L., & Deci, E. L. (2006b). Intrinsic versus extrinsic goal contents in self-determination theory: Another look at the quality of academic motivation. Educational Psychologist, 41(1), 19–31.
  • Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070.
  • Yetim, Ü. (2001). Toplumdan bireye mutluluk resimleri. İstanbul: Bağlam Yayıncılık.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Tahsin İlhan This is me

Yaşar Özbay This is me

Publication Date May 26, 2010
Published in Issue Year 2010 Volume: 4 Issue: 34

Cite

APA İlhan, T., & Özbay, Y. (2010). The Predictive Role of Life Goals and Psychological Need Satisfaction On Subjective Well-Being. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 4(34), 109-116. https://doi.org/10.17066/pdrd.73398

!! From 30 November 2023, English language proofreading will be required for accepted articles to ensure language quality.