Metaphor: The Bridge Between Client and Counselor

Year 2012, Volume: 4 Issue: 37, 122 - 135, 27.05.2012

Özlem Karaırmak Berna Güloğlu

Abstract

Metaphors are used for the transfer of inner thoughts and feelings to outside when the words are insufficient. Metaphor is principal mechanism behind abstract thought and comprehension. Unlike the traditional perspective that views the metaphors as linguistic expressions addressing indirect narrations, contemporary approaches views the metaphors as a significant and complementary part of the conceptual system. As a part of therapeutic dialogue metaphors has gained importance in constructivist approaches for directly reflecting subjective reality. Subjective knowledge obtained through experiences is placed in conceptual system. Conceptual metaphor system is mostly embodied automatically at unconscious and individual use the conceptual metaphor system unconsciously like language use. Metaphors have been important tools which has a therapeutic value since Freud and Jung. Metaphors as an enriching learning source which facilitate self-disclosure improve therapeutic alliance and collaboration. This study aims to introduce the facilitative role of conceptual metaphor in counseling process and present concrete examples regarding utilization of therapeutic metaphors. First, metaphor and conceptual metaphor were examined with abstract thinking and tacit knowledge. Later, the use of metaphor in counseling process was discussed under the subtitles of metapfor in counseling theories, therapeutic use of metaphor and examples of metaphors in group process in detail.

Keywords

Metaphor, conceptual metaphor, counseling process

Metafor: Danışan ve Psikolojik Danışman Arasındaki Köprü

Abstract

Dilin ve sözcüklerin yetersiz kaldığı durumlarda bireylerin iç dünyalarına ait duygu ve düşüncelerin anlamı metaforla dış dünyaya taşınmaktadır. Metafor soyut düşünmenin ve soyut olayları kavramanın arkasındaki başlıca mekanizmadır. Metaforları sadece dolaylı anlatımı hedefleyen sözel ifadeler olarak gören geleneksel bakış açısının aksine; çağdaş yaklaşımlar metaforları kavramsal sistemin önemli ve bütünleyici bir parçası olarak görmektedirler. Terapötik diyaloğun parçası olan metaforlar öznel gerçekliği doğrudan yansıttığı için yapılandırmacı yaklaşımlar içinde önem kazanmıştır. Yaşantılardan kazanılan kişiye özgü bilgiler metaforlar aracılığıyla soyut olarak kavramsal sisteme yerleştirilir. Kavramsal metafor sistemi çoğunlukla bilinçdışında otomatik olarak oluşur ve birey dili kullandığı gibi farkına varmadan kavramsal metafor sistemini kullanır. Freud ve Jung’dan beri psikolojik danışmada metaforik dil kullanımı terapötik değeri olan önemli bir araç olarak görülmektedir. Danışanın kendini açmasını kolaylaştıran metaforlar zenginleştirici bir öğrenme kaynağı olarak terapötik çalışma uyumunu geliştirir ve işbirliğini destekler. Çalışmanın amacı kavramsal metaforun psikolojik danışma sürecindeki işlevini tanıtmak ve terapötik metafor kullanımına ilişkin somut örnekler sunmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda ilk olarak metafor kavramı ve kavramsal metaforun ne olduğu açıklanmaktadır. Daha sonra, psikolojik danışma sürecinde metafor kullanımı, kuramsal zeminde metafor, metaforun terapötik kullanımı, grupla psikolojik danışma sürecinde metafor alt başlıklarıyla incelenmiştir.

Keywords

metafor, kavramsal metafor, psikolojik danışma süreci

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