Mesleki Sonuç Beklentisinin Açıklanması: Öz-Aşkınlık, Öz-Bilinç ve Öz-Kontrol / Öz-Yönetim

Year 2017, Volume: 7 Issue: 48, 0 - 0, 03.10.2017

Serkan Volkan Sarı Fedai Kabadayı Mustafa Şahin

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı mesleki sonuç beklentisi ile öz-aşkınlık, öz-bilinç, öz-kontrol ve öz-yönetim arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, Doğu Karadeniz bölgesinde yer alan bir devlet üniversitesinden rastgele örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen 409 üniversite öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Katılımcıların cinsiyete göre dağılımları 133 erkek (%32.5) ve 276 kız (%67.5) şeklindedir. Yaş ranjı 17 ile 30’dur. Yaş ortalamaları 20.34’dür (Ss = 2.047). Araştırmada, Mesleki Sonuç Beklentisi Ölçeği, Öz-Aşkınlık Ölçeği, Öz-Bilinç Ölçeği, Öz-Kontrol ve Öz-Yönetim Ölçeği ile araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen demografik bilgi formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin normal dağılıma uygunluğu sınandıktan sonra araştırmanın değişkenleri Pearson Momentler Çarpımı Korelasyon Katsayısı Tekniği ve Hiyerarşik Regresyon Analizi ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre öz-aşkınlık, öz-bilinç, öz-kontrol ve öz-yönetim becerilerinin mesleki sonuç beklentisi ile pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişki içinde olduğu ve anlamlı yordayıcılar olduğu belirlenmiştir. Mesleki sonuç beklentisi ile bu kavramlar arasındaki ilişkiye ilk kez değiniliyor olması, kariyer psikolojik danışmanlığı alanı için ve sahada çalışan uzmanlar için değerli görülmektedir. Son olarak bazı önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Keywords

Mesleki sonuç beklentisi, öz-aşkınlık, öz-bilinç, öz-kontrol, öz-yönetim

References

• Akın, A., Abacı, R. ve Öveç, Ü. (2007). The construct validity and reliability of the Turkish version of SelfConsciousness Scale. Ankara University, Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences, 40(2), 257-276.
• Akın, A., Demirci, İ. ve Çardak, M. (2012, 17-21 Haziran). The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Self-Control and Self-Management Scale. International Interdisciplinary Social Inquiry Conference – IISIC konferansında sunulmuş bildiri, Bursa, Türkiye.
• Ali, S. R., McWhirter, E. H. ve Chronister, K. M. (2005). Self-efficacy and vocational outcome expectations for adolescents of lower socioeconomic status: A pilot study. Journal of Career Assessment, 13(1), 40-58.
• Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191.
• Bandura, A. (1986). The explanatory and predictive scope of self-efficacy theory. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 4(3), 359-373.
• Bandura, A. (1991). Social cognitive theory of self-regulation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 248-287.
• Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Macmillan Publishers.
• Betz, N. E. ve Hackett, G. (1981). The relationship of career-related self-efficacy expectations to perceived career options in college women and men. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 28(5), 399-410.
• Betz, N. E. ve Klein, K. L. (1996). Relationships among measures of career self-efficacy, generalized self-efficacy, and global self-esteem. Journal of Career Assessment, 4(3), 285-298.
• Betz, N. E. ve Voyten, K. K. (1997). Efficacy and outcome expectations influence career exploration and decidedness. The Career Development Quarterly, 46(2), 179-189.
• Chang, L. (1998). Factor interpretations of the Self-Consciousness Scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 24(5), 635-640.
• Cheek, J. M. ve Briggs, S. R. (1982). Self-consciousness and aspects of identity. Journal of Research in Personality, 16(4), 401-408.
• Comunian, A. L. (1994). Self-Consciousness Scale dimensions: An Italian adaptation. Psychological Reports, 74(2), 483-489.
• Coward, D. D. (1996). Self-transcendence and correlates in a healthy population. Nursing Research, 45(2), 116- 121.
• Çakır, M. A. (2011). Meslek seçimi, mesleki karar ve mesleki kararsızlık. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
• De Vos, A. ve Soens, N. (2008). Protean attitude and career success: The mediating role of selfmanagement. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73(3), 449-456.
• Dijkerman, H. C. (2015). How do different aspects of self-consciousness interact?. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 19(8), 427-428.
• Ercoşkun, M. H. (2016). Adaptation of Self-Control and Self-Management Scale (SCMS) into Turkish culture: A study on reliability and validity. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 16(4), 1125-1145.
• Fenigstein, A., Scheier, M. F. ve Buss, A. H. (1975). Public and private self-consciousness: Assessment and theory. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 43(4), 522.
• Field, A. (2013). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics (4. bs.). London: SAGE Publication.
• Fouad, N. A. ve Guillen, A. (2006). Outcome expectations: Looking to the past and potential future. Journal of Career Assessment, 14(1), 130-142.
• Frankl, V. E. (1966). Self-transcendence as a human phenomenon. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 6(2), 97- 106.
• Franzoi, S. L. (1983). Self-concept differences as a function of private self-consciousness and social anxiety. Journal of Research in Personality, 17(3), 275-287.
• Hammer, T. H. ve Vardi, Y. (1981). Locus of control and career self-management among nonsupervisory employees in industrial settings. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 18(1), 13-29.
• Hoshi, M. (2008). Self-transcendence, vulnerability, and well-being in hospitalized Japanese elders (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). The University of Arizona, Arizona.
• Işık, E. (2010). Sosyal bilişsel kariyer teorisi temelli bir grup müdahalesinin üniversite öğrencilerinin kariyer kararı yetkinlik ve mesleki sonuç beklenti düzeylerine etkisi (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Çukurova Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Adana.
• Işık, E. (2013). Perceived social support and locus of control as the predictors of vocational outcome expectations. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 13(3), 1426-1430.
• Kanfer, F. H. (1970). Self-monitoring: Methodological limitations and clinical applications. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 35(2), 148-152.
• Kanfer, F. H. ve Karoly, P. (1972). Self-control: A behavioristic excursion into the lion's den. Behavior Therapy, 3(3), 398-416.
• Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: The Guilford Press.
• King, Z. (2001). Career self-management: A framework for guidance of employed adults. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 29(1), 65-78.
• Kossek, E. E., Roberts, K., Fisher, S. ve Demarr, B. (1998). Career self‐management: Aquasi‐experimental assessment of the effects of a training intervention. Personnel Psychology, 51(4), 935-960.
• Lent, R. W. (2005). A Social Cognitive View of Career Development and Counseling. R. Lent (Ed.), Career Development and Counseling: Putting Theory and Research to Work içinde (s. 101-127). New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Publishing.
• Lent, R. W. ve Brown, S. D. (2006). On conceptualizing and assessing social cognitive constructs in career research: A measurement guide. Journal of Career Assessment, 14(1), 12-35.
• Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D. ve Hackett, G. (1994). Toward a unifying social cognitive theory of career and academic interest, choice, and performance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 45(1), 79-122.
• Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D. ve Hackett, G. (2002). Social cognitive career theory. Career Choice and Development, 4, 255-311.
• Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D. ve Larkin, K. C. (1986). Self-efficacy in the prediction of academic performance and perceived career options. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 33(3), 265.
• Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., Schmidt, J., Brenner, B., Lyons, H. ve Treistman, D. (2003). Relation of contextual supports and barriers to choice behavior in engineering majors: Test of alternative social cognitive models. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50(4), 458.
• Levenson, M. R., Jennings, P. A., Aldwin, C. M. ve Shiraishi, R. W. (2005). Self-transcendence: Conceptualization and measurement. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 60(2), 127-143.
• Luzzo, D. A. (1993). Value of career-decision-making self-efficacy in predicting career-decision-making attitudes and skills. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 40(2), 194.
• Maslow, A. ve Lewis, K. J. (1987). Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Salenger Incorporated, 14.
• Metin, M. (2015). Kuramdan uygulamaya eğitimde bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (2. bs.). Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayınları.
• McCowan, C. J. ve Alston, R. J. (1998). Racial identity, African self-consciousness, and career decision making in African American college women. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 26(1), 28.
• McWhirter, E. H., Crothers, M. ve Rasheed, S. (2000). The effects of high school career education on social– cognitive variables. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47(3), 330.
• Metheny, J., McWhirter, E. H. ve O'Neil, M. E. (2008). Measuring perceived teacher support and its influence on adolescent career development. Journal of Career Assessment, 16(2), 218-237.
• Mezo, P. G. (2009). The Self-Control and Self-Management Scale (SCMS): Development of an adaptive selfregulatory coping skills instrument. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 31(2), 83-93.
• Mittal, B. ve Balasubramanian, S. K. (1987). Testing the dimensionality of the Self-Consciousness Scales. Journal of Personality Assessment, 51(1), 53-68.
• Nie, Y. G., Li, J. B., Dou, K. ve Situ, Q. M. (2014). The associations between self-consciousness and internalizing/externalizing problems among Chinese adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 37(5), 505-514.
• Nygren, B., Aléx, L., Jonsén, E., Gustafson, Y., Norberg, A. ve Lundman, B. (2005). Resilience, sense of coherence, purpose in life and self-transcendence in relation to perceived physical and mental health among the oldest old. Aging & Mental Health, 9(4), 354-362.
• Ramer, L., Johnson, D., Chan, L. ve Barrett, M. T. (2006). The effect of HIV/AIDS disease progression on spirituality and self-transcendence in a multicultural population. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 17(3), 280-289.
• Reed, P. G. (1986). Developmental resources and depression in the elderly. Nursing Research, 35(6), 368-374.
• Reed, P. G. (1991). Self-transcendence and mental health in oldest-old adults. Nursing Research, 40(1), 5-11.
• Reed, P. G. (2008). Theory of self-transcendence. Middle Range Theory for Nursing, 105-129.
• Runquist, J. J. ve Reed, P. G. (2007). Self-transcendence and well-being in homeless adults. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 25(1), 5-13.
• Sarıçam, H. (2015). Öz aşkınlık ölçeği Türkçe formunun psikometrik özellikleri. Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal, 5, 25-34.
• Seçer, İ. (2015). Spss ve lisrel ile pratik veri analizi (2. bs.). Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
• Smith, M. J. ve Liehr, P. R. (Ed.). (2013). Middle range theory for nursing. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
• Striegel-Moore, R. H., Silberstein, L. R. ve Rodin, J. (1993). The social self in bulimia nervosa: Public selfconsciousness, social anxiety, and perceived fraudulence. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102(2), 297.
• Tabachnick, B. G. ve Fidell, L. S. (2012). Using Multivariate Statistics (6. bs.). New Jersey: Pearson.
• Taylor, K. M. ve Popma, J. (1990). An examination of the relationships among career decision-making selfefficacy, career salience, locus of control, and vocational indecision. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 37(1), 17-31.
• Vanagas, R. ve Rakšnys, A. V. (2014). The dichotomy of self-actualization and self-transcendence. Verslo Sistemos ir Ekonomika Business Systems and Economics, 4(2), 196-203.
• Wigfield, A., Battle, A., Keller, L. B. ve Eccles, J. S. (2002). Sex differences in motivation, self-concept, career aspiration, and career choice: Implications for cognitive development. Biology, Society, and Behavior: The Development of Sex Differences in Cognition, 93-124.
• Wu, J. K. F. ve Watkins, D. (2006). Testing competing factor models underlying the private self-consciousness scale with Hong Kong Chinese adolescents. Social Behavior and Personality: An İnternational Journal, 34(10), 1245-1258.