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Karakter Güçleri ve Erdemli Oluş: Güçlü Yanlara-Dayalı Psikolojik Danışma ve Değerler Eğitimine Yeni Bir Yaklaşım

Year 2016, Volume: 6 Issue: 45, 25 - 40, 01.01.2016

Abstract

Değerler ve karakter eğitimine ilişkin ülkemizde artan ilgi olmakla birlikte bu eğitimlerde kullanılabilecek, karakterin güçlü yanlarına odaklanan kapsamlı bir sınıflama bulunmamaktadır. Karakter güçleri ve erdemler son on yıldır güçlü yanlara dayalı pozitif psikoloji araştırmaları içinde üzerinde durulan bir kavramdır ve pozitif gençlik gelişimi için gerekli bir faktör olarak ele alınmaktadır. Karakter güçleri gençlerin olumlu yaşantı ve davranışlarını arttırırken olumsuz olanların azalmasını sağlamaktadır. Ayrıca okullardaki güçlü yanlara dayalı uygulamalar için önemli bir role sahiptir. Bu çalışma karakter güçlerini ve ilişkili kavramları açıklayıp tanıtmak ve güncel araştırma bulgularını sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Öncelikle psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik (PDR) bağlamında konunun anlamı tartışılmış ardından, karakter/değerler/erdem eğitimleriyle karakter güçleri arasındaki kavramsal ilişki ele alınmıştır. Güncel araştırmalar demografik etkiler, yararlar ve araştırma türleri gibi sınıflanarak altı başlıkta verilmiştir. Ayrıca bu güçlerin değerlendirilmesi üzerinde de durulmuştur. Sonuç olarak öğrencilerin karakter/değerler/erdem eğitimleri aracılığıyla güçlü yanlara dayalı bir yaklaşım içinde karakter güçlerini geliştirmenin pozitif gençlik gelişimi ve okul PDR hizmetleri için gerekli olduğu vurgulanmaktadır.

References

  • Baş, G. ve Beyhan, Ö. (2012). Türkiye'de değerler eğitimi konusunda yapılmış lisansüstü tezlerin farklı değişkenler açısından değerlendirilmesi. Değerler Eğitimi Dergisi, 10(24), 55-77.
  • Bhatt, G., Tweed, R., Dooley, S., Viljoen, J., Douglas, K., Gagnon, N. ve Besla, K. (2012). Connections, and beliefs about crime among adolescents. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies, 4(1).
  • Biswas-Diener, R., Kashdan, T. B. ve Minhas, G. (2011). A dynamic approach to psychological strength development and intervention. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 6(2), 106-118.
  • Boshamer, C. M., Broome, S. A., Henley, N. W. ve Mordaszewski, E. (2008). Teaching character in the teenage years 36 weeks of daily lessons for grades 7-12. NC: Character Development Group.
  • Compton, W. C. ve Hoffman, E. (2013). Positive psychology: The science of happiness and flourishing. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
  • Desantis, D. (2011). The relationship between character strengths and the experience of bereavement in adolescence (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Massachusetts School of Professional Psychology.
  • Dossett, T. H. (2011). The influence of the character strengths of gratitude and kindness on subjective well being (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Louisiana Tech University.
  • Erkan, S., Çetin Gündüz, H., Kaya, Ö., Tarhan, S., Gökçe, S. ve Gülebağlan, C. (2012). Kültürümüzden okula grup rehberliği etkinlikleri. Ankara: PegemA.
  • Freakley, M., Burgh, G. ve MacSporran, L. T. (2008). Values education in schools a resource book for student inquiry. Victoria Australia: ACER.
  • Furnham, A. ve Lester, D. (2012). The development of a short measure of character strength. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 28(2), 95-101.
  • Galassi, J. P. ve Akos, P. (2007). Strengths-based school counseling: Promoting student development and achievement. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Galassi, J. P., Griffin, D. ve Akos, P. (2008). Strengths-based school counseling and the ASCA national model. Professional School Counseling, 12(2), 176-181.
  • Gillham, J., Adams-Deutsch, Z., Werner, J., Reivich, K., Coulter-Heindl, V., Linkins, M., ... ve Contero, A. (2011). Character strengths predict subjective well-being during adolescence. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 6(1), 31-44.
  • Gradišek, P. (2012). Character strengths and life satisfaction of Slovenian in-service and pre-service teachers. CEPS Journal, 2(3), 167-180.
  • Gust, J. (1995). Developing character-building values a whole language approach. NJ: Goodapple.
  • Hutchinson, A. K., Stuart, A. D. ve Pretorius, H. G. (2010). Biological contributions to well-being: The relationships amongst temperament, character strengths and resilience. Journal of Industrial Psychology, 36(2), 1-10.
  • Jacobs, D. T. ve Jacobs-Spencer, J. (2006). Teaching virtues building character across the curriculum. Lanham, Maryland: R&L Education.
  • Koehler, M. D. ve Royer, K. E. (2001). First class character education activities program ready-to-juse lessons ve activities for grades 7-12. NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Madden, W., Green, S. ve Grant, A. M. (2011). A pilot study evaluating strengths-based coaching for primary school students: Enhancing engagement and hope. International Coaching Psychology Review, 6(1), 71-83.
  • MEB. (2010). Değerler eğitimi uluslararası konferansı. İstanbul: Damla Yayınevi.
  • MEB. (2014). Aile eğitimi kurs programı 0-18 yaş çocuğu olan ailelere. Ankara: Hayatboyu Öğrenme Genel Müdürlüğü.
  • McGrath, R. E., Rashid, T., Park, T. ve Peterson, C. (2010). Is optimal functioning a distinct state?. The Humanistic Psychologist, 38, 159-169.
  • McWhirter, J. J., McWhirter, B. T., McWhirter, A. M. ve McWhirter, E. H. (1998). At risk youth a comprehensive response. CA: Brooks/Cole.
  • Neto, L. M. ve Marujo, H. A. (2013). Positive community psychology and positive community development: Research and intervention as transformative-appreciative actions. H. A. Marujo ve L. M. Neto (Ed.). Positive Nations and communities, cross-cultural advancements in positive psychology 6 içinde (s. 209-230). Springer. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6869-7_1
  • Niemiec, R. M. (2013). VIA character strengths: Research and practice (the first 10 years). H. H. Knoop ve A. Delle Fave (Ed.). Well-being and cultures: Perspectives from positive psychology, cross-cultural advancements in positive psychology 3 içinde (s. 11-29). Springer. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4611-4_2
  • Niemiec, R. M., Rashid, T. ve Spinella, M. (2012). Strong mindfulness: Integrating mindfulness and character strengths. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 34(3), 240-253.
  • Noftle, E. E., Schnitker, S. A. ve Robins, R. W. (2011). Character and personality: Connections between positive psychology and personality psychology. K. Sheldon, T. Kashdan ve M. Steger (Ed.). Designing the future of positive psychology: Taking stock and moving forward içinde (s. 207-227). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Owens, R. L. (2011). The development and initial validatıon of the preschool strengths inventory (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS.
  • Park, N. (2004). Character strengths and positive youth development. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 591, 40-54.
  • Park, N. ve Peterson, C. (2004). Classification and measurement of character strengths: Implications for practice. P. A. Linley ve S. Joseph (Ed.). Positive psychology in practice içinde (s. 433-446). NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Park, N. ve Peterson, C. (2006). Moral competence and character strengths among adolescents: The development and validation of the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths for Youth. Journal of Adolescence, 29, 891- 909.
  • Park, N. ve Peterson, C. (2008). Positive psychology and character strengths: Application to strengths-based school counseling. Professional School Counseling, 12(2), 85-92.
  • Park, N. ve Peterson, C. (2009). Strengths of character in schools. R. Gilman, E. S. Huebner ve M. J. Furlong (Ed.). Handbook of positive psychology in schools içinde (s. 65-76). New York: Routledge.
  • Park, N., Peterson, C. ve Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Strengths of character and well–being. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23(5), 603-619.
  • Person, A. E., Moiduddin, E., Hague-Angus, M. ve Malone, L. M. (2009). Survey of Outcomes Measurement in Research on Character Education Programs (NCEE 2009-006). Washington, DC: National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education.
  • Peterson, C. (2006). The values in action (via) classification of strengths: The un-dsm and the real dsm. M. Csikszentmihalyi ve I. Csikszentmihalyi (Ed.). A Life Worth Living: Contributions to Positive Psychology içinde (s. 29-48). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Peterson, C. ve Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification. Washington, DC: APA.
  • Peterson, C., Stephens, J. P., Park, N., Lee, F. ve Seligman, M. E. P. (2010). Strengths of character and work. P. A. Linley, S. Harrington ve N. Page (Ed.). Handbook of positive psychology and work içinde (s. 221-234). NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Peterson, C. ve Park, N. (2008). The Positive Psychology of Superheroes. R. Rosenberg ve J. Canzoneri (Ed.). The Psychology of Superheroes: An unauthorized exploration içinde (s. 5-18). TX: BenBella Books.
  • Proctor, C. (2013). The Importance of good character. C. Proctor ve P. A. Linley (Ed.). Research, applications, and interventions for children and adolescents: A positive psychology perspective içinde (s. 13-21). Springer. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6398-2_2
  • Proctor, C., Tsukayama, E., Wood, A. M., Maltby, J., Fox Eades, J. M. ve Linley, P. A. (2011). Strengths gym: The impact of a character strengths-based intervention on the life satisfaction and well-being of adolescents. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 6(5), 377-388.
  • Proyer, R. T., Gander, F., Wyss, T. ve Ruch, W. (2011). The relation of character strengths to past, present, and future life satisfaction among german-speaking women. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 3(3), 370-384.
  • Rashid, T., Anjum, A., Lennox, C., Quinlan, D., Niemiec, R. M., Mayerson, D. ve Kazemi, F. (2013). Assessment of character strengths in children and adolescents. C. Proctor ve A. Linley (Ed.). Research, applications, and interventions for children and adolescents içinde (s. 81-115). Springer.
  • Seider, S., Gilbert, J., Novick, S. ve Gomez, J. (2013). The role of moral and performance character strengths in predicting achievement and conduct among urban middle school students. Teachers College Record, 115(8), 1-18.
  • Seligman, M. E. P., Ernst, R. M., Gillham, J., Reivich, K. ve Linkins, M. (2009). Positive education: Positive psychology and classroom interventions. Oxford Review of Education, 35(3), 293-311.
  • Shoshani, A. ve Aviv, I. (2012). The pillars of strength for first-grade adjustment–Parental and children's character strengths and the transition to elementary school. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 7(4), 315-326. doi:10.1080/17439760.2012.691981
  • Shoshani, A. ve Slone, M. (2013). Middle school transition from the strengths perspective: Young adolescents’ character strengths, subjective well-being, and school adjustment. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(4), 1163- 1181.
  • Smith, E. J. (2006). The strength-based counseling model. The Counseling Psychologist, 34, 13-79.
  • Toner, E., Haslam, N. Robinson, J. ve Williams, P. (2012). Character strengths and wellbeing in adolescence: Structure and correlates of the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths for Children. Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 637-642.
  • Tough, P. (2012). How children succeed: Grit, curiosity, and the hidden power of character. NY: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
  • Unell, B. C. ve Wyckoff, J. L. (1995). 20 teachable virtues practical ways to pass on lessons of virtue and character to your children. NY: Perigee.
  • Weber, M. ve Ruch, W. (2012). The role of a good character in 12-year-old school children: Do character strengths matter in the classroom?. Child Indicators Research, 5(2), 317-334.
  • Weber, M., Ruch, W., Littman-Ovadia, H., Lavy, S. ve Gai, O. (2013). Relationships among higher-order strengths factors, subjective well-being, and general self-efficacy-The case of israeli adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 55, 322-327.
Year 2016, Volume: 6 Issue: 45, 25 - 40, 01.01.2016

Abstract

References

  • Baş, G. ve Beyhan, Ö. (2012). Türkiye'de değerler eğitimi konusunda yapılmış lisansüstü tezlerin farklı değişkenler açısından değerlendirilmesi. Değerler Eğitimi Dergisi, 10(24), 55-77.
  • Bhatt, G., Tweed, R., Dooley, S., Viljoen, J., Douglas, K., Gagnon, N. ve Besla, K. (2012). Connections, and beliefs about crime among adolescents. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies, 4(1).
  • Biswas-Diener, R., Kashdan, T. B. ve Minhas, G. (2011). A dynamic approach to psychological strength development and intervention. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 6(2), 106-118.
  • Boshamer, C. M., Broome, S. A., Henley, N. W. ve Mordaszewski, E. (2008). Teaching character in the teenage years 36 weeks of daily lessons for grades 7-12. NC: Character Development Group.
  • Compton, W. C. ve Hoffman, E. (2013). Positive psychology: The science of happiness and flourishing. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
  • Desantis, D. (2011). The relationship between character strengths and the experience of bereavement in adolescence (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Massachusetts School of Professional Psychology.
  • Dossett, T. H. (2011). The influence of the character strengths of gratitude and kindness on subjective well being (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Louisiana Tech University.
  • Erkan, S., Çetin Gündüz, H., Kaya, Ö., Tarhan, S., Gökçe, S. ve Gülebağlan, C. (2012). Kültürümüzden okula grup rehberliği etkinlikleri. Ankara: PegemA.
  • Freakley, M., Burgh, G. ve MacSporran, L. T. (2008). Values education in schools a resource book for student inquiry. Victoria Australia: ACER.
  • Furnham, A. ve Lester, D. (2012). The development of a short measure of character strength. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 28(2), 95-101.
  • Galassi, J. P. ve Akos, P. (2007). Strengths-based school counseling: Promoting student development and achievement. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Galassi, J. P., Griffin, D. ve Akos, P. (2008). Strengths-based school counseling and the ASCA national model. Professional School Counseling, 12(2), 176-181.
  • Gillham, J., Adams-Deutsch, Z., Werner, J., Reivich, K., Coulter-Heindl, V., Linkins, M., ... ve Contero, A. (2011). Character strengths predict subjective well-being during adolescence. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 6(1), 31-44.
  • Gradišek, P. (2012). Character strengths and life satisfaction of Slovenian in-service and pre-service teachers. CEPS Journal, 2(3), 167-180.
  • Gust, J. (1995). Developing character-building values a whole language approach. NJ: Goodapple.
  • Hutchinson, A. K., Stuart, A. D. ve Pretorius, H. G. (2010). Biological contributions to well-being: The relationships amongst temperament, character strengths and resilience. Journal of Industrial Psychology, 36(2), 1-10.
  • Jacobs, D. T. ve Jacobs-Spencer, J. (2006). Teaching virtues building character across the curriculum. Lanham, Maryland: R&L Education.
  • Koehler, M. D. ve Royer, K. E. (2001). First class character education activities program ready-to-juse lessons ve activities for grades 7-12. NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Madden, W., Green, S. ve Grant, A. M. (2011). A pilot study evaluating strengths-based coaching for primary school students: Enhancing engagement and hope. International Coaching Psychology Review, 6(1), 71-83.
  • MEB. (2010). Değerler eğitimi uluslararası konferansı. İstanbul: Damla Yayınevi.
  • MEB. (2014). Aile eğitimi kurs programı 0-18 yaş çocuğu olan ailelere. Ankara: Hayatboyu Öğrenme Genel Müdürlüğü.
  • McGrath, R. E., Rashid, T., Park, T. ve Peterson, C. (2010). Is optimal functioning a distinct state?. The Humanistic Psychologist, 38, 159-169.
  • McWhirter, J. J., McWhirter, B. T., McWhirter, A. M. ve McWhirter, E. H. (1998). At risk youth a comprehensive response. CA: Brooks/Cole.
  • Neto, L. M. ve Marujo, H. A. (2013). Positive community psychology and positive community development: Research and intervention as transformative-appreciative actions. H. A. Marujo ve L. M. Neto (Ed.). Positive Nations and communities, cross-cultural advancements in positive psychology 6 içinde (s. 209-230). Springer. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6869-7_1
  • Niemiec, R. M. (2013). VIA character strengths: Research and practice (the first 10 years). H. H. Knoop ve A. Delle Fave (Ed.). Well-being and cultures: Perspectives from positive psychology, cross-cultural advancements in positive psychology 3 içinde (s. 11-29). Springer. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4611-4_2
  • Niemiec, R. M., Rashid, T. ve Spinella, M. (2012). Strong mindfulness: Integrating mindfulness and character strengths. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 34(3), 240-253.
  • Noftle, E. E., Schnitker, S. A. ve Robins, R. W. (2011). Character and personality: Connections between positive psychology and personality psychology. K. Sheldon, T. Kashdan ve M. Steger (Ed.). Designing the future of positive psychology: Taking stock and moving forward içinde (s. 207-227). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Owens, R. L. (2011). The development and initial validatıon of the preschool strengths inventory (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS.
  • Park, N. (2004). Character strengths and positive youth development. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 591, 40-54.
  • Park, N. ve Peterson, C. (2004). Classification and measurement of character strengths: Implications for practice. P. A. Linley ve S. Joseph (Ed.). Positive psychology in practice içinde (s. 433-446). NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Park, N. ve Peterson, C. (2006). Moral competence and character strengths among adolescents: The development and validation of the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths for Youth. Journal of Adolescence, 29, 891- 909.
  • Park, N. ve Peterson, C. (2008). Positive psychology and character strengths: Application to strengths-based school counseling. Professional School Counseling, 12(2), 85-92.
  • Park, N. ve Peterson, C. (2009). Strengths of character in schools. R. Gilman, E. S. Huebner ve M. J. Furlong (Ed.). Handbook of positive psychology in schools içinde (s. 65-76). New York: Routledge.
  • Park, N., Peterson, C. ve Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Strengths of character and well–being. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23(5), 603-619.
  • Person, A. E., Moiduddin, E., Hague-Angus, M. ve Malone, L. M. (2009). Survey of Outcomes Measurement in Research on Character Education Programs (NCEE 2009-006). Washington, DC: National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education.
  • Peterson, C. (2006). The values in action (via) classification of strengths: The un-dsm and the real dsm. M. Csikszentmihalyi ve I. Csikszentmihalyi (Ed.). A Life Worth Living: Contributions to Positive Psychology içinde (s. 29-48). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Peterson, C. ve Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification. Washington, DC: APA.
  • Peterson, C., Stephens, J. P., Park, N., Lee, F. ve Seligman, M. E. P. (2010). Strengths of character and work. P. A. Linley, S. Harrington ve N. Page (Ed.). Handbook of positive psychology and work içinde (s. 221-234). NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Peterson, C. ve Park, N. (2008). The Positive Psychology of Superheroes. R. Rosenberg ve J. Canzoneri (Ed.). The Psychology of Superheroes: An unauthorized exploration içinde (s. 5-18). TX: BenBella Books.
  • Proctor, C. (2013). The Importance of good character. C. Proctor ve P. A. Linley (Ed.). Research, applications, and interventions for children and adolescents: A positive psychology perspective içinde (s. 13-21). Springer. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6398-2_2
  • Proctor, C., Tsukayama, E., Wood, A. M., Maltby, J., Fox Eades, J. M. ve Linley, P. A. (2011). Strengths gym: The impact of a character strengths-based intervention on the life satisfaction and well-being of adolescents. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 6(5), 377-388.
  • Proyer, R. T., Gander, F., Wyss, T. ve Ruch, W. (2011). The relation of character strengths to past, present, and future life satisfaction among german-speaking women. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 3(3), 370-384.
  • Rashid, T., Anjum, A., Lennox, C., Quinlan, D., Niemiec, R. M., Mayerson, D. ve Kazemi, F. (2013). Assessment of character strengths in children and adolescents. C. Proctor ve A. Linley (Ed.). Research, applications, and interventions for children and adolescents içinde (s. 81-115). Springer.
  • Seider, S., Gilbert, J., Novick, S. ve Gomez, J. (2013). The role of moral and performance character strengths in predicting achievement and conduct among urban middle school students. Teachers College Record, 115(8), 1-18.
  • Seligman, M. E. P., Ernst, R. M., Gillham, J., Reivich, K. ve Linkins, M. (2009). Positive education: Positive psychology and classroom interventions. Oxford Review of Education, 35(3), 293-311.
  • Shoshani, A. ve Aviv, I. (2012). The pillars of strength for first-grade adjustment–Parental and children's character strengths and the transition to elementary school. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 7(4), 315-326. doi:10.1080/17439760.2012.691981
  • Shoshani, A. ve Slone, M. (2013). Middle school transition from the strengths perspective: Young adolescents’ character strengths, subjective well-being, and school adjustment. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(4), 1163- 1181.
  • Smith, E. J. (2006). The strength-based counseling model. The Counseling Psychologist, 34, 13-79.
  • Toner, E., Haslam, N. Robinson, J. ve Williams, P. (2012). Character strengths and wellbeing in adolescence: Structure and correlates of the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths for Children. Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 637-642.
  • Tough, P. (2012). How children succeed: Grit, curiosity, and the hidden power of character. NY: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
  • Unell, B. C. ve Wyckoff, J. L. (1995). 20 teachable virtues practical ways to pass on lessons of virtue and character to your children. NY: Perigee.
  • Weber, M. ve Ruch, W. (2012). The role of a good character in 12-year-old school children: Do character strengths matter in the classroom?. Child Indicators Research, 5(2), 317-334.
  • Weber, M., Ruch, W., Littman-Ovadia, H., Lavy, S. ve Gai, O. (2013). Relationships among higher-order strengths factors, subjective well-being, and general self-efficacy-The case of israeli adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 55, 322-327.
There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Ömer Faruk Kabakçı

Publication Date January 1, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 6 Issue: 45

Cite

APA Kabakçı, Ö. F. (2016). Karakter Güçleri ve Erdemli Oluş: Güçlü Yanlara-Dayalı Psikolojik Danışma ve Değerler Eğitimine Yeni Bir Yaklaşım. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 6(45), 25-40.

!! From 30 November 2023, English language proofreading will be required for accepted articles to ensure language quality.