Research Article
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Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 60, 1 - 12, 30.03.2021

Abstract

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th Edn Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association.
  • Anderson, M. & Jiang, J. (2018). Teens, social media and technology 2018. Pew Research Center, 31, 2018.
  • Bayzan, Ş. (2013). İnternetin bilinçli ve güvenli kullanımı. İnternet bağımlılığı sorunlar ve çözümler (p 259-278) içinde. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Bell, H., Kulkarni, S. & Dalton, L. (2003). Organizational prevention of vicarious trauma. Families in society, 84(4), 463-470.
  • Figley, C. R. (1995). Compassion Fatigue: Coping with Secondary Traumatic Stress Disorder in Those Who Treat the Traumatized. New York, NY: Brunner/Mazel.
  • Figley, C. R. (2002). Compassion fatigue: Psychotherapists’ chronic lack of self-care. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58, 1433–1441.
  • Holgado–Tello, F. P., Chacón–Moscoso, S., Barbero–García, I. &Vila–Abad, E. (2010). Polychoric versus Pearson correlations in exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of ordinal variables. Quality and Quantity, 44(1), 153.
  • Jenkins, S. R. & Baird, S. (2002). Secondary traumatic stress and vicarious trauma: A validational study. Journal of Traumatic Stress: Official Publication of The International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, 15(5), 423-432.
  • Jones, W. H. & Carver, M. D. (1991). Adjustment and coping implications of loneliness. Handbook of social and clinical psychology, 42, 682-689.
  • Kahil, A. & Palabıyıkoğlu, N. R. (2018). İkincil travmatik stres. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 10(1), 59-70.
  • Kemp, S. (2020). Digital in 2020: 3.8 Billion people use social media. [Web log post.]. Retrieved from https://wearesocial.com/blog/2020/01/digital-2020-3-8-billion-people-use-social-media
  • Kross, E., Verduyn, P., Demiralp, E., Park, J. & Lee, D. S. (2013). Facebook Use Predicts Declines in Subjective Well-Being in Young Adults. PLoS ONE, 8(8).
  • Lockwood, P. L., Seara-Cardoso, A. & Viding, E. (2014). Emotion regulation moderates the association between empathy and prosocial behavior. PloS one, 9(5).
  • Mancini, M. N. (2019). Development and Validation of the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale in a Sample of Social Media Users (Doctoral Dissertation, Cleveland State University).
  • Măirean, C. (2016). Emotion regulation strategies, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion satisfaction in healthcare providers. The Journal of psychology, 150(8), 961-975.
  • Mulaik, S. A., James, L. R., Van Alstine, J., Bennett, N., Lind, S. & Stilwell, C. D. (1989). Evaluation of goodness-of-fit indices for structural equation models. Psychological bulletin, 105(3), 430.
  • Nunnally, J. C. & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
  • R Core Team (2020). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL https://www.R-project.org/.
  • Pearlman, L. A. & Saakvitne, K. W. (1995). Treating therapists with vicarious traumatization and secondary traumatic stress disorders. Compassion fatigue: Coping with secondary traumatic stress disorder in those who treat the traumatized, 23, 150-177.
  • Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385-401.
  • Revelle, W. (2018) psych: Procedures for Personality and Psychological Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA, https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=psych Version = 1.8.12.
  • Robins, P. M., Meltzer, L. & Zelikovsky, N. (2009). The experience of secondary traumatic stress upon care providers working within a children's hospital. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 24(4), 270-279.
  • Rosseel, Y. (2012). Lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling and more. Version 0.5–12 (BETA). Journal of statistical software, 48(2), 1-36.
  • Rothschild, B. (2006). Help for the helper: The psychophysiology of compassion fatigue and vicarious trauma. WW Norton & Co. Russell, D., Peplau, L. A. & Cutrona, C. E. (1980). The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal of personality and social psychology, 39(3), 472.
  • Saakvitne, K. W. & Pearlman, L. A. (1996). Transforming the pain: A workbook on vicarious traumatization. WW Norton & Co.
  • Tatar, A. & Saltukoglu, G. (2010). The adaptation of the CES-Depression Scale into Turkish through the use of confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory and the examination of psychometric characteristics. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni-Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 20(3), 213-227.
  • Thomas, J. T. & Otis, M. D. (2010). Intrapsychic correlates of professional quality of life: Mindfulness, empathy, and emotional separation. Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research, 1(2), 83-98.
  • TUIK. (2019). Taken from http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1028. on May 12, 2020 Valkenburg, P. M., Peter, J. & Schouten, A. P. (2006). Friend networking sites and their relationship to adolescents' well-being and social self-esteem. CyberPsychology and behavior, 9(5), 584-590.
  • Zenelaj, B. (2014). Pazarlama Stratejisi Olarak sosyal medya İletişimi ile Kurumsal itibari olusturmak: İletişim Sektöründe Bir Araştırma (Doctoral Dissertation, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü).

Adaptation of Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale to Turkish for Social Media Users: Reliability and Validity Study

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 60, 1 - 12, 30.03.2021

Abstract

When the literature is analysed, the gap in the researches related to STS for social media users is big. This study aims to adapt the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (STSS-SM) for Social Media Users to Turkish, which will contribute to filling the gap in social media users. In the study, data of 708 participants aged 18-26 were analysed. Validity and reliability study of STSS-SM was carried out and its three-factor structure was examined. According to the findings in adaptation to Turkish, STSS-SM consists of a single-factor structure rather than a three-factor structure as in the original. EFA results indicate that scale items can be collected under this single-factor structure. In conclusion, based on validity and reliability studies, it can be said that the Turkish version of STSS-SM is applicable in scientific studies.

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th Edn Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association.
  • Anderson, M. & Jiang, J. (2018). Teens, social media and technology 2018. Pew Research Center, 31, 2018.
  • Bayzan, Ş. (2013). İnternetin bilinçli ve güvenli kullanımı. İnternet bağımlılığı sorunlar ve çözümler (p 259-278) içinde. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Bell, H., Kulkarni, S. & Dalton, L. (2003). Organizational prevention of vicarious trauma. Families in society, 84(4), 463-470.
  • Figley, C. R. (1995). Compassion Fatigue: Coping with Secondary Traumatic Stress Disorder in Those Who Treat the Traumatized. New York, NY: Brunner/Mazel.
  • Figley, C. R. (2002). Compassion fatigue: Psychotherapists’ chronic lack of self-care. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58, 1433–1441.
  • Holgado–Tello, F. P., Chacón–Moscoso, S., Barbero–García, I. &Vila–Abad, E. (2010). Polychoric versus Pearson correlations in exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of ordinal variables. Quality and Quantity, 44(1), 153.
  • Jenkins, S. R. & Baird, S. (2002). Secondary traumatic stress and vicarious trauma: A validational study. Journal of Traumatic Stress: Official Publication of The International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, 15(5), 423-432.
  • Jones, W. H. & Carver, M. D. (1991). Adjustment and coping implications of loneliness. Handbook of social and clinical psychology, 42, 682-689.
  • Kahil, A. & Palabıyıkoğlu, N. R. (2018). İkincil travmatik stres. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 10(1), 59-70.
  • Kemp, S. (2020). Digital in 2020: 3.8 Billion people use social media. [Web log post.]. Retrieved from https://wearesocial.com/blog/2020/01/digital-2020-3-8-billion-people-use-social-media
  • Kross, E., Verduyn, P., Demiralp, E., Park, J. & Lee, D. S. (2013). Facebook Use Predicts Declines in Subjective Well-Being in Young Adults. PLoS ONE, 8(8).
  • Lockwood, P. L., Seara-Cardoso, A. & Viding, E. (2014). Emotion regulation moderates the association between empathy and prosocial behavior. PloS one, 9(5).
  • Mancini, M. N. (2019). Development and Validation of the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale in a Sample of Social Media Users (Doctoral Dissertation, Cleveland State University).
  • Măirean, C. (2016). Emotion regulation strategies, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion satisfaction in healthcare providers. The Journal of psychology, 150(8), 961-975.
  • Mulaik, S. A., James, L. R., Van Alstine, J., Bennett, N., Lind, S. & Stilwell, C. D. (1989). Evaluation of goodness-of-fit indices for structural equation models. Psychological bulletin, 105(3), 430.
  • Nunnally, J. C. & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
  • R Core Team (2020). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL https://www.R-project.org/.
  • Pearlman, L. A. & Saakvitne, K. W. (1995). Treating therapists with vicarious traumatization and secondary traumatic stress disorders. Compassion fatigue: Coping with secondary traumatic stress disorder in those who treat the traumatized, 23, 150-177.
  • Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385-401.
  • Revelle, W. (2018) psych: Procedures for Personality and Psychological Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA, https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=psych Version = 1.8.12.
  • Robins, P. M., Meltzer, L. & Zelikovsky, N. (2009). The experience of secondary traumatic stress upon care providers working within a children's hospital. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 24(4), 270-279.
  • Rosseel, Y. (2012). Lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling and more. Version 0.5–12 (BETA). Journal of statistical software, 48(2), 1-36.
  • Rothschild, B. (2006). Help for the helper: The psychophysiology of compassion fatigue and vicarious trauma. WW Norton & Co. Russell, D., Peplau, L. A. & Cutrona, C. E. (1980). The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal of personality and social psychology, 39(3), 472.
  • Saakvitne, K. W. & Pearlman, L. A. (1996). Transforming the pain: A workbook on vicarious traumatization. WW Norton & Co.
  • Tatar, A. & Saltukoglu, G. (2010). The adaptation of the CES-Depression Scale into Turkish through the use of confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory and the examination of psychometric characteristics. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni-Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 20(3), 213-227.
  • Thomas, J. T. & Otis, M. D. (2010). Intrapsychic correlates of professional quality of life: Mindfulness, empathy, and emotional separation. Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research, 1(2), 83-98.
  • TUIK. (2019). Taken from http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1028. on May 12, 2020 Valkenburg, P. M., Peter, J. & Schouten, A. P. (2006). Friend networking sites and their relationship to adolescents' well-being and social self-esteem. CyberPsychology and behavior, 9(5), 584-590.
  • Zenelaj, B. (2014). Pazarlama Stratejisi Olarak sosyal medya İletişimi ile Kurumsal itibari olusturmak: İletişim Sektöründe Bir Araştırma (Doctoral Dissertation, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü).
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Seher Balcı Çelik This is me

Mustafa Selim Altınışık

Publication Date March 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 11 Issue: 60

Cite

APA Balcı Çelik, S., & Altınışık, M. S. (2021). Adaptation of Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale to Turkish for Social Media Users: Reliability and Validity Study. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 11(60), 1-12.

!! From 30 November 2023, English language proofreading will be required for accepted articles to ensure language quality.