Research Article
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The Relationship among Mindfulness, Sense of Uniqueness, and Hope: The Mediational Role of Psychological Inflexibility

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 60, 85 - 99, 30.03.2021

Abstract

Hope is one of the sources of resilience that facilitates adaptation and coping in the face of crucial life changes and difficulties. Therefore, more studies are needed regarding hope and its predictors. Based on this philosophy, the mediating role of psychological inflexibility in the relationship among hope, mindfulness, and sense of uniqueness was examined in this study. A total of 352 undergraduate students (279 female and 73 male) from various universities in Turkey were included in to study. The results indicated that psychological inflexibility has a full mediator role in the relationship between mindfulness and hope and a partial mediator role in the relationship between sense of uniqueness and hope. The findings are discussed in the context of theoretical postulation and current empirical studies. In line with the results, recommendations for researchers and mental health practitioners are provided.

References

  • Aspinwall, L. G., & Leaf, S. L. (2002). In search of the unique aspects of hope: Pinning our hopes on positive emotions, future-oriented thinking, hard times, and other people. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 276-288.
  • Bond, F. W., Hayes, S. C., Baer, R. A., Carpenter, K. M., Guenole, N., Orcutt, H. K. et al. (2011). Preliminary psychometric properties of the acceptance and action questionnaire - II: A revised measure of psychological flexibility and experiential avoidance. Behavior Therapy, 42, 676–688.
  • Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822-848. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822
  • Charbonneau, D. (2019). Model of mindfulness and mental health outcomes: Need fulfillment and resilience as mediators. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science-Revue Canadienne Des Sciences Du Comportement, 51(4), 239-247. doi:10.1037/cbs0000137
  • Chawla, N., & Ostafin, B. (2007). Experiential avoidance as a functional dimensional approach to psychopathology: An empirical review. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63(9), 871-890. doi:10.1002/jclp.20400
  • Christopher, J. C. (2018). Let it be: Mindfulness and releasement—Neglected dimensions of well-being. Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, 38(2), 61. Cohrs, J. C., Christie, D. J., White, M. P., & Das, C. (2013). Contributions of positive psychology to peace: Toward global well-being and resilience. American Psychologist, 68(7), 590-600. doi:10.1037/a0032089
  • Crosswell, A. D., Coccia, M., & Epel, E. S. (2019). Mind wandering and stress: When you don't like the present moment. Emotion, 20(3), 403-412. doi:10.1037/emo0000548
  • Demir, M., Haynes, A., Sanchez, M., & Parada, J. C. (2019). Personal sense of uniqueness mediates the relationship between compassion for others and subjective well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 20(6), 1751-1773.
  • Demir, M., Şimşek, Ö. F., & Procsal, A. D. (2013). I am so happy ‘cause my best friend makes me feel unique: Friendship, personal sense of uniqueness and happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(4), 1201-1224. doi:10.1007/s10902-012-9376-9
  • Deng, Y.-Q., Li, S., & Tang, Y.-Y. (2014). The relationship between wandering mind, depression and mindfulness. Mindfulness, 5(2), 124-128. doi:10.1007/s12671-012-0157-7
  • Ender, Z., Saricali, M., Satici, S. A., & Eraslan-Capan, B. (2019). Is mindful awareness effective on hope, burnout and self-efficacy among school counsellors in Turkey? British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 47(6), 712-726.
  • Feldman, D. B., & Kubota, M. (2015). Hope, self-efficacy, optimism, and academic achievement: Distinguishing constructs and levels of specificity in predicting college grade-point average. Learning and Individual Differences, 37, 210-216.
  • Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS. London: Sage Fitzgerald, C. J., & Lueke, A. K. (2017). Mindfulness increases analytical thought and decreases just world beliefs. Current Research in Social Psychology 24(8), 80-85.
  • Flaskas, C. (2007). Holding hope and hopelessness: Therapeutic engagements with the balance of hope. Journal of Family Therapy, 29(3), 186-202.
  • Flynn, M. K., Berkout, O. V., & Bordieri, M. J. (2016). Cultural considerations in the measurement of psychological flexibility: Initial validation of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–II among Hispanic individuals. Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice, 16(2), 81.
  • Gutierrez, D. (2019). Spiritus contra spiritum: Addiction, hope, and the search for meaning. Spirituality in Clinical Practice, 6(4), 229-239. doi:10.1037/scp0000201 Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A., & Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Model, processes and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(1), 1-25. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.06.006
  • Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K., Wilson, K. G., Bissett, R. T., Pistorello, J., Toarmino, D., . . . McCurry, S. M. (2004). Measuring experiential avoidance: A preliminary test of a working model. The Psychological Record, 54(4), 553-578. doi:10.1007/BF03395492
  • Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6, 1-55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118
  • Huen, J. M. Y., Ip, B. Y. T., Ho, S. M. Y., & Yip, P. S. F. (2015). Hope and hopelessness: The role of hope in buffering the impact of hopelessness on suicidal ideation. PLOS ONE, 10(6), e0130073. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0130073
  • Jimenez, S. S., Niles, B. L., & Park, C. L. (2010). A mindfulness model of affect regulation and depressive symptoms: Positive emotions, mood regulation expectancies, and self-acceptance as regulatory mechanisms. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(6), 645-650. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.05.041
  • Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 144-156. doi:10.1093/clipsy/bpg016
  • Kagitcibasi, C. (2005). Autonomy and relatedness in cultural context: Implications for self and family. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36(4), 403-422. doi:10.1177/0022022105275959
  • Kagitcibasi, C. (2013). Adolescent autonomy‐relatedness and the family in cultural context: What is optimal? Journal of Research on Adolescence, 23(2), 223-235. doi:10.1111/jora.12041
  • Kato, T. (2016). Psychological inflexibility and depressive symptoms among Asian English speakers: a study on Indian, Philippine, and Singaporean samples. Psychiatry Research, 238, 1-7.
  • Koydemir, S., Şimşek, Ö. F., & Demir, M. (2014). Pathways from personality to happiness: Sense of uniqueness as a mediator. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 54(3), 314-335. doi:10.1177/0022167813501226
  • Koydemir, S., Şimşek, Ö. F., Kuzgun, T. B., & Schütz, A. (2018). Feeling special, feeling happy: Authenticity mediates the relationship between sense of uniqueness and happiness. Current Psychology, 1-11. doi:10.1007/s12144-018-9865-z
  • Larsen, D. J., Whelton, W. J., Rogers, T., McElheran, J., Herth, K., Tremblay, J., . . . Domene, J. (2020). Multidimensional hope in counseling and psychotherapy scale. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. doi:10.1037/int0000198
  • Latzman, R. D., & Masuda, A. (2013). Examining mindfulness and psychological inflexibility within the framework of Big Five personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 55(2), 129-134.
  • Lazarus, R. S. (2003). TARGET ARTICLE: Does the positive psychology movement have legs? Psychological Inquiry, 14(2), 93-109. doi:10.1207/S15327965PLI1402_02
  • Lenz, A. S. (2021). Evidence for relationships between hope, resilience, and mental health among youth. Journal of Counseling & Development, 99(1), 96-103.
  • Ling, Y., Huebner, E. S., Liu, J., Liu, W.-L., Zhang, J., & Xiao, J. (2015). The origins of hope in adolescence: A test of a social–cognitive model. Personality and Individual Differences, 87, 307-311.
  • Little, T. D., Cunningham, W. A., Shahar, G., & Widaman, K. F. (2002). To parcel or not to parcel: Exploring the question, weighing the merits. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(2), 151-173. doi: 10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_1
  • Little, T. D., Rhemtulla, M., Gibson, K., & Schoemann, A. M. (2013). Why the items versus parcels controversy needn’t be one. Psychological methods, 18(3), 285-300. doi: 10.1037/a0033266
  • Loo, J. M., Tsai, J. S., Raylu, N., & Oei, T. P. (2014). Gratitude, hope, mindfulness and personal-growth initiative: Buffers or risk factors for problem gambling? PloS one, 9(2), e83889. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083889
  • MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M. W., & Sugawara, H. M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological Methods, 1(2), 130-149.
  • Masuda, A., & Tully, E. C. (2012). The role of mindfulness and psychological flexibility in somatization, depression, anxiety, and general psychological distress in a nonclinical college sample. Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine, 17(1), 66-71.
  • Meunier, B., Atmaca, S., Ayranci, E., Gökdemir, B. P., Uyar, T., & Bastug, G. (2014). Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the acceptance and action questionnaire-II (AAQ-II). Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies, 14(2), 179.
  • Meyer, E. C., La Bash, H., DeBeer, B. B., Kimbrel, N. A., Gulliver, S. B., & Morissette, S. B. (2019). Psychological inflexibility predicts PTSD symptom severity in war veterans after accounting for established PTSD risk factors and personality. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 11(4), 383.
  • Mrazek, M. D., Smallwood, J., & Schooler, J. W. (2012). Mindfulness and mind-wandering: Finding convergence through opposing constructs. Emotion, 12(3), 442-448. doi:10.1037/a0026678
  • Munoz, R. T., Hoppes, S., Hellman, C. M., Brunk, K. L., Bragg, J. E., & Cummins, C. (2018). The effects of mindfulness meditation on hope and stress. Research on Social Work Practice, 28(6), 696-707. doi: 10.1177/1049731516674319
  • Nasser-Abu Alhija, F., & Wisenbaker, J. (2006). A Monte Carlo study investigating the impact of item parceling strategies on parameter estimates and their standard errors in CFA. Structural Equation Modeling, 13(2), 204-228.
  • Özyesil, Z., Arslan, C., Kesici, S., & Deniz, M. E. (2011). The validity and reliability study of Mindful Attention Awareness Scale. Education and Science, 36(160), 224-235.
  • Rahl, H. A., Lindsay, E. K., Pacilio, L. E., Brown, K. W., & David Creswell, J. (2017). Brief mindfulness meditation training reduces mind wandering: The critical role of acceptance. Emotion, 17(2), 224-230. doi:10.1037/emo0000250
  • Rowland, Z., Wenzel, M., & Kubiak, T. (2018). A mind full of happiness: How mindfulness shapes affect dynamics in daily life. Emotion, 20(3), 436-451. doi:10.1037/emo0000562
  • Salande, J. D., Hawkins, I., & Raymond, C. (2017). Psychological flexibility, attachment style, and personality organization: Correlations between constructs of differing approaches. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 27(3), 365.
  • Sarıçalı, M., & Satıcı, S. A. (2017). Shyness as mediating role between mindfulness and psychological vulnerability. Hitit University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, Year, 10, 655-670.
  • Scioli, A., Ricci, M., Nyugen, T., & Scioli, E. R. (2011). Hope: Its nature and measurement. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 3(2), 78-97. doi:10.1037/a0020903
  • Singh, S., & Devender, S. (2015). Hope and mindfulness as correlates of happiness. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 6(4), 422-425.
  • Silberstein, L. R., Tirch, D., Leahy, R. L., & McGinn, L. (2012). Mindfulness, psychological flexibility and emotional schemas. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 5(4), 406-419.
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Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 60, 85 - 99, 30.03.2021

Abstract

References

  • Aspinwall, L. G., & Leaf, S. L. (2002). In search of the unique aspects of hope: Pinning our hopes on positive emotions, future-oriented thinking, hard times, and other people. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 276-288.
  • Bond, F. W., Hayes, S. C., Baer, R. A., Carpenter, K. M., Guenole, N., Orcutt, H. K. et al. (2011). Preliminary psychometric properties of the acceptance and action questionnaire - II: A revised measure of psychological flexibility and experiential avoidance. Behavior Therapy, 42, 676–688.
  • Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822-848. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822
  • Charbonneau, D. (2019). Model of mindfulness and mental health outcomes: Need fulfillment and resilience as mediators. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science-Revue Canadienne Des Sciences Du Comportement, 51(4), 239-247. doi:10.1037/cbs0000137
  • Chawla, N., & Ostafin, B. (2007). Experiential avoidance as a functional dimensional approach to psychopathology: An empirical review. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63(9), 871-890. doi:10.1002/jclp.20400
  • Christopher, J. C. (2018). Let it be: Mindfulness and releasement—Neglected dimensions of well-being. Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, 38(2), 61. Cohrs, J. C., Christie, D. J., White, M. P., & Das, C. (2013). Contributions of positive psychology to peace: Toward global well-being and resilience. American Psychologist, 68(7), 590-600. doi:10.1037/a0032089
  • Crosswell, A. D., Coccia, M., & Epel, E. S. (2019). Mind wandering and stress: When you don't like the present moment. Emotion, 20(3), 403-412. doi:10.1037/emo0000548
  • Demir, M., Haynes, A., Sanchez, M., & Parada, J. C. (2019). Personal sense of uniqueness mediates the relationship between compassion for others and subjective well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 20(6), 1751-1773.
  • Demir, M., Şimşek, Ö. F., & Procsal, A. D. (2013). I am so happy ‘cause my best friend makes me feel unique: Friendship, personal sense of uniqueness and happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(4), 1201-1224. doi:10.1007/s10902-012-9376-9
  • Deng, Y.-Q., Li, S., & Tang, Y.-Y. (2014). The relationship between wandering mind, depression and mindfulness. Mindfulness, 5(2), 124-128. doi:10.1007/s12671-012-0157-7
  • Ender, Z., Saricali, M., Satici, S. A., & Eraslan-Capan, B. (2019). Is mindful awareness effective on hope, burnout and self-efficacy among school counsellors in Turkey? British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 47(6), 712-726.
  • Feldman, D. B., & Kubota, M. (2015). Hope, self-efficacy, optimism, and academic achievement: Distinguishing constructs and levels of specificity in predicting college grade-point average. Learning and Individual Differences, 37, 210-216.
  • Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS. London: Sage Fitzgerald, C. J., & Lueke, A. K. (2017). Mindfulness increases analytical thought and decreases just world beliefs. Current Research in Social Psychology 24(8), 80-85.
  • Flaskas, C. (2007). Holding hope and hopelessness: Therapeutic engagements with the balance of hope. Journal of Family Therapy, 29(3), 186-202.
  • Flynn, M. K., Berkout, O. V., & Bordieri, M. J. (2016). Cultural considerations in the measurement of psychological flexibility: Initial validation of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–II among Hispanic individuals. Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice, 16(2), 81.
  • Gutierrez, D. (2019). Spiritus contra spiritum: Addiction, hope, and the search for meaning. Spirituality in Clinical Practice, 6(4), 229-239. doi:10.1037/scp0000201 Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A., & Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Model, processes and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(1), 1-25. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.06.006
  • Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K., Wilson, K. G., Bissett, R. T., Pistorello, J., Toarmino, D., . . . McCurry, S. M. (2004). Measuring experiential avoidance: A preliminary test of a working model. The Psychological Record, 54(4), 553-578. doi:10.1007/BF03395492
  • Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6, 1-55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118
  • Huen, J. M. Y., Ip, B. Y. T., Ho, S. M. Y., & Yip, P. S. F. (2015). Hope and hopelessness: The role of hope in buffering the impact of hopelessness on suicidal ideation. PLOS ONE, 10(6), e0130073. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0130073
  • Jimenez, S. S., Niles, B. L., & Park, C. L. (2010). A mindfulness model of affect regulation and depressive symptoms: Positive emotions, mood regulation expectancies, and self-acceptance as regulatory mechanisms. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(6), 645-650. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.05.041
  • Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 144-156. doi:10.1093/clipsy/bpg016
  • Kagitcibasi, C. (2005). Autonomy and relatedness in cultural context: Implications for self and family. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36(4), 403-422. doi:10.1177/0022022105275959
  • Kagitcibasi, C. (2013). Adolescent autonomy‐relatedness and the family in cultural context: What is optimal? Journal of Research on Adolescence, 23(2), 223-235. doi:10.1111/jora.12041
  • Kato, T. (2016). Psychological inflexibility and depressive symptoms among Asian English speakers: a study on Indian, Philippine, and Singaporean samples. Psychiatry Research, 238, 1-7.
  • Koydemir, S., Şimşek, Ö. F., & Demir, M. (2014). Pathways from personality to happiness: Sense of uniqueness as a mediator. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 54(3), 314-335. doi:10.1177/0022167813501226
  • Koydemir, S., Şimşek, Ö. F., Kuzgun, T. B., & Schütz, A. (2018). Feeling special, feeling happy: Authenticity mediates the relationship between sense of uniqueness and happiness. Current Psychology, 1-11. doi:10.1007/s12144-018-9865-z
  • Larsen, D. J., Whelton, W. J., Rogers, T., McElheran, J., Herth, K., Tremblay, J., . . . Domene, J. (2020). Multidimensional hope in counseling and psychotherapy scale. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. doi:10.1037/int0000198
  • Latzman, R. D., & Masuda, A. (2013). Examining mindfulness and psychological inflexibility within the framework of Big Five personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 55(2), 129-134.
  • Lazarus, R. S. (2003). TARGET ARTICLE: Does the positive psychology movement have legs? Psychological Inquiry, 14(2), 93-109. doi:10.1207/S15327965PLI1402_02
  • Lenz, A. S. (2021). Evidence for relationships between hope, resilience, and mental health among youth. Journal of Counseling & Development, 99(1), 96-103.
  • Ling, Y., Huebner, E. S., Liu, J., Liu, W.-L., Zhang, J., & Xiao, J. (2015). The origins of hope in adolescence: A test of a social–cognitive model. Personality and Individual Differences, 87, 307-311.
  • Little, T. D., Cunningham, W. A., Shahar, G., & Widaman, K. F. (2002). To parcel or not to parcel: Exploring the question, weighing the merits. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(2), 151-173. doi: 10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_1
  • Little, T. D., Rhemtulla, M., Gibson, K., & Schoemann, A. M. (2013). Why the items versus parcels controversy needn’t be one. Psychological methods, 18(3), 285-300. doi: 10.1037/a0033266
  • Loo, J. M., Tsai, J. S., Raylu, N., & Oei, T. P. (2014). Gratitude, hope, mindfulness and personal-growth initiative: Buffers or risk factors for problem gambling? PloS one, 9(2), e83889. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083889
  • MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M. W., & Sugawara, H. M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological Methods, 1(2), 130-149.
  • Masuda, A., & Tully, E. C. (2012). The role of mindfulness and psychological flexibility in somatization, depression, anxiety, and general psychological distress in a nonclinical college sample. Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine, 17(1), 66-71.
  • Meunier, B., Atmaca, S., Ayranci, E., Gökdemir, B. P., Uyar, T., & Bastug, G. (2014). Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the acceptance and action questionnaire-II (AAQ-II). Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies, 14(2), 179.
  • Meyer, E. C., La Bash, H., DeBeer, B. B., Kimbrel, N. A., Gulliver, S. B., & Morissette, S. B. (2019). Psychological inflexibility predicts PTSD symptom severity in war veterans after accounting for established PTSD risk factors and personality. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 11(4), 383.
  • Mrazek, M. D., Smallwood, J., & Schooler, J. W. (2012). Mindfulness and mind-wandering: Finding convergence through opposing constructs. Emotion, 12(3), 442-448. doi:10.1037/a0026678
  • Munoz, R. T., Hoppes, S., Hellman, C. M., Brunk, K. L., Bragg, J. E., & Cummins, C. (2018). The effects of mindfulness meditation on hope and stress. Research on Social Work Practice, 28(6), 696-707. doi: 10.1177/1049731516674319
  • Nasser-Abu Alhija, F., & Wisenbaker, J. (2006). A Monte Carlo study investigating the impact of item parceling strategies on parameter estimates and their standard errors in CFA. Structural Equation Modeling, 13(2), 204-228.
  • Özyesil, Z., Arslan, C., Kesici, S., & Deniz, M. E. (2011). The validity and reliability study of Mindful Attention Awareness Scale. Education and Science, 36(160), 224-235.
  • Rahl, H. A., Lindsay, E. K., Pacilio, L. E., Brown, K. W., & David Creswell, J. (2017). Brief mindfulness meditation training reduces mind wandering: The critical role of acceptance. Emotion, 17(2), 224-230. doi:10.1037/emo0000250
  • Rowland, Z., Wenzel, M., & Kubiak, T. (2018). A mind full of happiness: How mindfulness shapes affect dynamics in daily life. Emotion, 20(3), 436-451. doi:10.1037/emo0000562
  • Salande, J. D., Hawkins, I., & Raymond, C. (2017). Psychological flexibility, attachment style, and personality organization: Correlations between constructs of differing approaches. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 27(3), 365.
  • Sarıçalı, M., & Satıcı, S. A. (2017). Shyness as mediating role between mindfulness and psychological vulnerability. Hitit University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, Year, 10, 655-670.
  • Scioli, A., Ricci, M., Nyugen, T., & Scioli, E. R. (2011). Hope: Its nature and measurement. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 3(2), 78-97. doi:10.1037/a0020903
  • Singh, S., & Devender, S. (2015). Hope and mindfulness as correlates of happiness. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 6(4), 422-425.
  • Silberstein, L. R., Tirch, D., Leahy, R. L., & McGinn, L. (2012). Mindfulness, psychological flexibility and emotional schemas. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 5(4), 406-419.
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There are 65 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Mehmet Sarıçalı This is me

Deniz Güler This is me

S. Anandavalli This is me

Publication Date March 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 11 Issue: 60

Cite

APA Sarıçalı, M., Güler, D., & Anandavalli, S. (2021). The Relationship among Mindfulness, Sense of Uniqueness, and Hope: The Mediational Role of Psychological Inflexibility. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 11(60), 85-99.

!! From 30 November 2023, English language proofreading will be required for accepted articles to ensure language quality.