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The Impact of Mindfulness and Assertiveness on Well-being: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 60, 147 - 160, 30.03.2021

Abstract

Mindfulness is a positive psychological concept that has a crucial impact on individuals’ wellbeing and mental health. The literature cites a considerable number of studies exploring the impact of mindfulness on various forms of wellbeing and documenting the relationship between mindfulness and other constructs. In order to obtain a complete understanding of the concept, an examination of potential mediators in the relationship between mindfulness and well-being is needed. In this regard, the current study aims to explore the influence of mindfulness on resilience, subjective wellbeing, and psychological well-being through assertiveness. In a sample of 400 university students, participants completed the Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS), Rathus Assertiveness Schedule (RAS), Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and Psychological Well-being Scale (SPWB) and results demonstrated that assertiveness, mindfulness, positive affect, life satisfaction, and the dimensions of psychological well-being scores were found to be positively correlated with assertiveness and reversely associated with negative affect, as expected. Structural equation modeling analyses demonstrated that assertiveness mediated the relationship between mindfulness and resilience, subjective well-being, and psychological well-being. In conclusion, the results show that mindfulness contributes to some of the well-being indices, such as resilience, subjective well-being, and psychological well-being through assertiveness. Implications are discussed further.

References

  • Akin, A. (2008). The scales of psychological well-being: A study of validity and reliability. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 8(3), 741-750.
  • Anderson, J. C.,& Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411.
  • Bacchi, S.,& Licinio, J. (2017). Resilience and psychological distress in psychology and medical students. Academic Psychiatry, 41(2), 185-188.
  • Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13(1), 27-45.
  • Belen, H. & Yıldırım, M. (2019). Mindfulness and subjective well-being: Mediating effect of assertiveness. Paper presented at the 6th International Eurasian Educational Research Congress, Ankara, Turkey. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334502116_Mindfulness_and_Subjective_Well-being_Mediating_Effect_of_Assertiveness
  • Belen, H. (2019). Assertiveness mediates the relationship between mindfulness, resilience and life satisfaction. Paper presented at the 3rd Eurasian Congress on Positive Psychology, Istanbul, Turkey. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333295681_Assertiveness_Mediates_the_Relationship_between_Mindfulness_Resilience_and_Life_Satisfaction
  • Bernabé, M.,& Botia, J. M. (2016). Resilience as a mediator in emotional social support’s relationship with occupational psychology health in firefighters. Journal of Health Psychology, 21(8), 1778-1786.
  • Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., ... & Devins, G. (2004). Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11(3), 230-241.
  • Braun, S. S., Roeser, R. W., Mashburn, A. J., & Skinner, E. (2019). Middle school teachers’ mindfulness, occupational health and well-Being, and the quality of teacher-student interactions. Mindfulness, 10(2), 245-255.
  • Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., & Creswell, J. D. (2007). Mindfulness: Theoretical foundations and evidence for its salutary effects. Psychological Inquiry, 18(4), 211-237.
  • Brown, K. W.,& Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822.
  • Catak, P. D. (2012). The Turkish version of mindful attention awareness scale: Preliminary findings. Mindfulness, 3(1), 1-9. de Acedo Lizarraga, M. L. S., Ugarte, M. D., Cardelle-Elawar, M., Iriarte, M. D., & de Acedo Baquedano, M. T. S. (2003). Enhancement of self-regulation, assertiveness, and empathy. Learning and Instruction, 13(4), 423-439.
  • Deniz, M. E., Erus, S. M., & Büyükcebeci, A. (2017). Bilinçli farkındalık ile psikolojik iyi oluş ilişkisinde duygusal zekanın aracılık rolü. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 7(47), 17-31.
  • Diener, E. D., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
  • Doğan, T. (2015). Adaptation of the Brief Resilience Scale into Turkish: A validity and reliability study. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 3(1), 93-102.
  • Durak, M.,Senol-Durak, E., & Gencoz, T. (2010). Psychometric properties of the satisfaction with life scale among Turkish university students, correctional officers, and elderly adults. Social Indicators Research, 99(3), 413-429.
  • Eldeleklioglu, J., & Yildiz, M. (2020). Expressing emotions, resilience and subjective well-being: An investigation with structural equation modeling. International Education Studies, 13(6), 48-61.
  • Feldman, G., Hayes, A., Kumar, S., Greeson, J., & Laurenceau, J. P. (2007). Mindfulness and emotion regulation: The development and initial validation of the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R). Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 29(3), 177.
  • Fogarty, A., Wood, C. E., Giallo, R., Kaufman, J., & Hansen, M. (2019). Factors promoting emotional‐behavioural resilience and adjustment in children exposed to intimate partner violence: A systematic review. Australian Journal of Psychology, 71(4), 375-389.
  • Freligh, C. B.,& Debb, S. M. (2019). Nonreactivity and resilience to stress: Gauging the mindfulness of African American college students. Mindfulness, 10(11), 2302-2311.
  • Freligh, C. B.,&Debb, S. M. (2019). Nonreactivity and resilience to stress: Gauging the mindfulness of African American college students. Mindfulness, 10(11), 2302-2311.
  • Ge, J., Wu, J., Li, K., & Zheng, Y. (2019). Self-compassion and subjective well-being mediates the impact of mindfulness on balanced time perspective in Chinese college students. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 367.
  • Hair Jr, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Gudergan, S. P. (2017). Advanced issues in partial least squares structural equation modeling. Sage Publications.
  • Hanley, A., Warner, A., & Garland, E. L. (2015). Associations between mindfulness, psychological well-being, and subjective well-being with respect to contemplative practice. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16(6), 1423-1436.
  • Imamoğlu, E. O. (2004). Self-construal correlates of well-being. Unpublished manuscript
  • İşgör, İ. Y. (2017). Merhametin öznel iyi oluş üzerindeki yordayıcı etkisinin incelenmesi (Investigating the predictive effect of compassion on subjective well-being). Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 16, 425-436.
  • Jin, Y., Zhang, M., Wang, Y., & An, J. (2020). The relationship between trait mindfulness, loneliness, regulatory emotional self-efficacy, and subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 154, 109650.
  • Keng, S. L.,&Ang, Q. (2019). Effects of mindfulness on negative affect, body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating urges. Mindfulness, 10(9), 1779-1791.
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Convergence of structural equation modeling and multilevel modeling. Guilford Press
  • Kumar, S., Feldman, G., & Hayes, A. (2008). Changes in mindfulness and emotion regulation in an exposure-based cognitive therapy for depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32(6), 734.
  • Matsunaga, M. (2008). Item parceling in structural equation modeling: A primer. Communication Methods and Measures, 2(4), 260-293.
  • McLaughlin, L. E.,Luberto, C. M., O'Bryan, E. M., Kraemer, K. M., &McLeish, A. C. (2019). The indirect effect of positive affect in the relationship between trait mindfulness and emotion dysregulation. Personality and Individual Differences, 145, 70-74.
  • Paeezy, M., Shahraray, M., & Abdi, B. (2010). Investigating the impact of assertiveness training on assertiveness, subjective well-being and academic achievement of Iranian female secondary students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 1447-1450.
  • Pidgeon, A. M.,& Keye, M. (2014). Relationship between resilience, mindfulness, and psychological well-being in university students. International Journal of Liberal Arts and Social Science, 2(5), 27-32.
  • Ramadas, E.,& Simões, S. C. (2019). The relationship between mindfulness, spiritual well‐being and chronic depression: Different predictors in distinct phases of treatment. Counseling and Psychotherapy Research, 19(2), 138-148.
  • Ramos-Díaz, E., Rodríguez-Fernández, A., Axpe, I., & Ferrara, M. (2019). Perceived emotional intelligence and life satisfaction among adolescent students: The Mediating role of resilience. Journal of Happiness Studies, 20(8), 2489-2506.
  • Rathus, S. A. (1973). A 30-item schedule for assessing assertive behavior. Behavior Therapy, 4(3), 398-406.
  • Ryan, R. M.,& Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 141-166.
  • Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069.
  • Ryff, C. D. (2014). Psychological well-being revisited: Advances in the science and practice of eudaimonia. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 83(1), 10-28.
  • Ryff, C. D.,& Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719.
  • Şahin, A. (2019). Üniversite öğrencilerinde bilinçli farkındalık ile yaşam doyumu ve iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkiler. Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (8), 151-176.
  • Sarkova, M., Bacikova‐Sleskova, M., Orosova, O., Madarasova Geckova, A., Katreniakova, Z., Klein, D., ... & van Dijk, J. P. (2013). Associations between assertiveness, psychological well‐being, and self‐esteem in adolescents. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 43(1), 147-154.
  • Satici, S. A. (2016). Psychological vulnerability, resilience, and subjective well-being: The mediating role of hope. Personality and Individual Differences, 102, 68-73.
  • Schutte, N. S.,& Malouff, J. M. (2011). Emotional intelligence mediates the relationship between mindfulness and subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(7), 1116-1119.
  • Seligman, M. E.P. (2002). Authentic happiness: Using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment. Free Press
  • Senders, A.,Bourdette, D., Hanes, D., Yadav, V., &Shinto, L. (2014). Perceived stress in multiple sclerosis: The potential role of mindfulness in health and wellbeing. Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine, 19(2), 104–111.
  • Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Bernard, J. (2008). The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15(3), 194-200.
  • Speed, B. C., Goldstein, B. L., & Goldfried, M. R. (2018). Assertiveness training: A forgotten evidence‐based treatment. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 25(1), e12216.
  • Stevenson, J. C., Millings, A., & Emerson, L. M. (2019). Psychological well-being and coping: The predictive value of adult attachment, dispositional mindfulness, and emotion regulation. Mindfulness, 10(2), 256-271.
  • Sünbül, Z. A.,& Güneri, O. Y. (2019). The relationship between mindfulness and resilience: The mediating role of self compassion and emotion regulation in a sample of underprivileged Turkish adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 139, 337-342.
  • Tabachnick, B. G.,& Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics. Pearson.
  • Thompson, R. W., Arnkoff, D. B., & Glass, C. R. (2011). Conceptualizing mindfulness and acceptance as components of psychological resilience to trauma. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 12(4), 220-235.
  • Uygur, S. S. (2017). Ergenlerin bilinçli farkındalığının yordanmasında başa çıkma stilleri, empati ve duygusal düzenlemenin rolü. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 9(55), 1247-1279.
  • Voci, A., Veneziani, C. A., & Fuochi, G. (2019). Relating mindfulness, heartfulness, and psychological well-Being: The Role of self-compassion and gratitude. Mindfulness, 10(2), 339-351.
  • Voltan, N. (1980).Rathus assertiveness inventory: Validity and reliability study. Psychology Journal, 10, 23-25.
  • Walsh, F. (2016). Family resilience: A developmental systems framework. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 13(3), 313-324.
  • Wang, K.,& Kong, F. (2019). Linking trait mindfulness to life satisfaction in adolescents: The mediating role of resilience and self-esteem. Child Indicators Research, 1-15.
  • Whitehead, R., Bates, G., Elphinstone, B., Yang, Y., & Murray, G. (2019). Nonattachment mediates the relationship between mindfulness and psychological well-being, subjective well-being, and depression, anxiety and stress. Journal of Happiness Studies, 20(7), 2141-2158.
  • Wilson, J. M., Weiss, A., & Shook, N. J. (2020). Mindfulness, self-compassion, and savoring: Factors that explain the relation between perceived social support and well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 152, 109568.
  • Zenner, C.,Herrnlebenkurz, S., &Walach, H. (2014). Mindfulness-based interventions in schools-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 603.
Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 60, 147 - 160, 30.03.2021

Abstract

References

  • Akin, A. (2008). The scales of psychological well-being: A study of validity and reliability. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 8(3), 741-750.
  • Anderson, J. C.,& Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411.
  • Bacchi, S.,& Licinio, J. (2017). Resilience and psychological distress in psychology and medical students. Academic Psychiatry, 41(2), 185-188.
  • Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13(1), 27-45.
  • Belen, H. & Yıldırım, M. (2019). Mindfulness and subjective well-being: Mediating effect of assertiveness. Paper presented at the 6th International Eurasian Educational Research Congress, Ankara, Turkey. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334502116_Mindfulness_and_Subjective_Well-being_Mediating_Effect_of_Assertiveness
  • Belen, H. (2019). Assertiveness mediates the relationship between mindfulness, resilience and life satisfaction. Paper presented at the 3rd Eurasian Congress on Positive Psychology, Istanbul, Turkey. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333295681_Assertiveness_Mediates_the_Relationship_between_Mindfulness_Resilience_and_Life_Satisfaction
  • Bernabé, M.,& Botia, J. M. (2016). Resilience as a mediator in emotional social support’s relationship with occupational psychology health in firefighters. Journal of Health Psychology, 21(8), 1778-1786.
  • Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., ... & Devins, G. (2004). Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11(3), 230-241.
  • Braun, S. S., Roeser, R. W., Mashburn, A. J., & Skinner, E. (2019). Middle school teachers’ mindfulness, occupational health and well-Being, and the quality of teacher-student interactions. Mindfulness, 10(2), 245-255.
  • Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., & Creswell, J. D. (2007). Mindfulness: Theoretical foundations and evidence for its salutary effects. Psychological Inquiry, 18(4), 211-237.
  • Brown, K. W.,& Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822.
  • Catak, P. D. (2012). The Turkish version of mindful attention awareness scale: Preliminary findings. Mindfulness, 3(1), 1-9. de Acedo Lizarraga, M. L. S., Ugarte, M. D., Cardelle-Elawar, M., Iriarte, M. D., & de Acedo Baquedano, M. T. S. (2003). Enhancement of self-regulation, assertiveness, and empathy. Learning and Instruction, 13(4), 423-439.
  • Deniz, M. E., Erus, S. M., & Büyükcebeci, A. (2017). Bilinçli farkındalık ile psikolojik iyi oluş ilişkisinde duygusal zekanın aracılık rolü. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 7(47), 17-31.
  • Diener, E. D., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
  • Doğan, T. (2015). Adaptation of the Brief Resilience Scale into Turkish: A validity and reliability study. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 3(1), 93-102.
  • Durak, M.,Senol-Durak, E., & Gencoz, T. (2010). Psychometric properties of the satisfaction with life scale among Turkish university students, correctional officers, and elderly adults. Social Indicators Research, 99(3), 413-429.
  • Eldeleklioglu, J., & Yildiz, M. (2020). Expressing emotions, resilience and subjective well-being: An investigation with structural equation modeling. International Education Studies, 13(6), 48-61.
  • Feldman, G., Hayes, A., Kumar, S., Greeson, J., & Laurenceau, J. P. (2007). Mindfulness and emotion regulation: The development and initial validation of the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R). Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 29(3), 177.
  • Fogarty, A., Wood, C. E., Giallo, R., Kaufman, J., & Hansen, M. (2019). Factors promoting emotional‐behavioural resilience and adjustment in children exposed to intimate partner violence: A systematic review. Australian Journal of Psychology, 71(4), 375-389.
  • Freligh, C. B.,& Debb, S. M. (2019). Nonreactivity and resilience to stress: Gauging the mindfulness of African American college students. Mindfulness, 10(11), 2302-2311.
  • Freligh, C. B.,&Debb, S. M. (2019). Nonreactivity and resilience to stress: Gauging the mindfulness of African American college students. Mindfulness, 10(11), 2302-2311.
  • Ge, J., Wu, J., Li, K., & Zheng, Y. (2019). Self-compassion and subjective well-being mediates the impact of mindfulness on balanced time perspective in Chinese college students. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 367.
  • Hair Jr, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Gudergan, S. P. (2017). Advanced issues in partial least squares structural equation modeling. Sage Publications.
  • Hanley, A., Warner, A., & Garland, E. L. (2015). Associations between mindfulness, psychological well-being, and subjective well-being with respect to contemplative practice. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16(6), 1423-1436.
  • Imamoğlu, E. O. (2004). Self-construal correlates of well-being. Unpublished manuscript
  • İşgör, İ. Y. (2017). Merhametin öznel iyi oluş üzerindeki yordayıcı etkisinin incelenmesi (Investigating the predictive effect of compassion on subjective well-being). Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 16, 425-436.
  • Jin, Y., Zhang, M., Wang, Y., & An, J. (2020). The relationship between trait mindfulness, loneliness, regulatory emotional self-efficacy, and subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 154, 109650.
  • Keng, S. L.,&Ang, Q. (2019). Effects of mindfulness on negative affect, body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating urges. Mindfulness, 10(9), 1779-1791.
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Convergence of structural equation modeling and multilevel modeling. Guilford Press
  • Kumar, S., Feldman, G., & Hayes, A. (2008). Changes in mindfulness and emotion regulation in an exposure-based cognitive therapy for depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32(6), 734.
  • Matsunaga, M. (2008). Item parceling in structural equation modeling: A primer. Communication Methods and Measures, 2(4), 260-293.
  • McLaughlin, L. E.,Luberto, C. M., O'Bryan, E. M., Kraemer, K. M., &McLeish, A. C. (2019). The indirect effect of positive affect in the relationship between trait mindfulness and emotion dysregulation. Personality and Individual Differences, 145, 70-74.
  • Paeezy, M., Shahraray, M., & Abdi, B. (2010). Investigating the impact of assertiveness training on assertiveness, subjective well-being and academic achievement of Iranian female secondary students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 1447-1450.
  • Pidgeon, A. M.,& Keye, M. (2014). Relationship between resilience, mindfulness, and psychological well-being in university students. International Journal of Liberal Arts and Social Science, 2(5), 27-32.
  • Ramadas, E.,& Simões, S. C. (2019). The relationship between mindfulness, spiritual well‐being and chronic depression: Different predictors in distinct phases of treatment. Counseling and Psychotherapy Research, 19(2), 138-148.
  • Ramos-Díaz, E., Rodríguez-Fernández, A., Axpe, I., & Ferrara, M. (2019). Perceived emotional intelligence and life satisfaction among adolescent students: The Mediating role of resilience. Journal of Happiness Studies, 20(8), 2489-2506.
  • Rathus, S. A. (1973). A 30-item schedule for assessing assertive behavior. Behavior Therapy, 4(3), 398-406.
  • Ryan, R. M.,& Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 141-166.
  • Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069.
  • Ryff, C. D. (2014). Psychological well-being revisited: Advances in the science and practice of eudaimonia. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 83(1), 10-28.
  • Ryff, C. D.,& Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719.
  • Şahin, A. (2019). Üniversite öğrencilerinde bilinçli farkındalık ile yaşam doyumu ve iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkiler. Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (8), 151-176.
  • Sarkova, M., Bacikova‐Sleskova, M., Orosova, O., Madarasova Geckova, A., Katreniakova, Z., Klein, D., ... & van Dijk, J. P. (2013). Associations between assertiveness, psychological well‐being, and self‐esteem in adolescents. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 43(1), 147-154.
  • Satici, S. A. (2016). Psychological vulnerability, resilience, and subjective well-being: The mediating role of hope. Personality and Individual Differences, 102, 68-73.
  • Schutte, N. S.,& Malouff, J. M. (2011). Emotional intelligence mediates the relationship between mindfulness and subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(7), 1116-1119.
  • Seligman, M. E.P. (2002). Authentic happiness: Using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment. Free Press
  • Senders, A.,Bourdette, D., Hanes, D., Yadav, V., &Shinto, L. (2014). Perceived stress in multiple sclerosis: The potential role of mindfulness in health and wellbeing. Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine, 19(2), 104–111.
  • Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Bernard, J. (2008). The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15(3), 194-200.
  • Speed, B. C., Goldstein, B. L., & Goldfried, M. R. (2018). Assertiveness training: A forgotten evidence‐based treatment. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 25(1), e12216.
  • Stevenson, J. C., Millings, A., & Emerson, L. M. (2019). Psychological well-being and coping: The predictive value of adult attachment, dispositional mindfulness, and emotion regulation. Mindfulness, 10(2), 256-271.
  • Sünbül, Z. A.,& Güneri, O. Y. (2019). The relationship between mindfulness and resilience: The mediating role of self compassion and emotion regulation in a sample of underprivileged Turkish adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 139, 337-342.
  • Tabachnick, B. G.,& Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics. Pearson.
  • Thompson, R. W., Arnkoff, D. B., & Glass, C. R. (2011). Conceptualizing mindfulness and acceptance as components of psychological resilience to trauma. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 12(4), 220-235.
  • Uygur, S. S. (2017). Ergenlerin bilinçli farkındalığının yordanmasında başa çıkma stilleri, empati ve duygusal düzenlemenin rolü. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 9(55), 1247-1279.
  • Voci, A., Veneziani, C. A., & Fuochi, G. (2019). Relating mindfulness, heartfulness, and psychological well-Being: The Role of self-compassion and gratitude. Mindfulness, 10(2), 339-351.
  • Voltan, N. (1980).Rathus assertiveness inventory: Validity and reliability study. Psychology Journal, 10, 23-25.
  • Walsh, F. (2016). Family resilience: A developmental systems framework. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 13(3), 313-324.
  • Wang, K.,& Kong, F. (2019). Linking trait mindfulness to life satisfaction in adolescents: The mediating role of resilience and self-esteem. Child Indicators Research, 1-15.
  • Whitehead, R., Bates, G., Elphinstone, B., Yang, Y., & Murray, G. (2019). Nonattachment mediates the relationship between mindfulness and psychological well-being, subjective well-being, and depression, anxiety and stress. Journal of Happiness Studies, 20(7), 2141-2158.
  • Wilson, J. M., Weiss, A., & Shook, N. J. (2020). Mindfulness, self-compassion, and savoring: Factors that explain the relation between perceived social support and well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 152, 109568.
  • Zenner, C.,Herrnlebenkurz, S., &Walach, H. (2014). Mindfulness-based interventions in schools-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 603.
There are 61 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Hacer Belen This is me

Publication Date March 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 11 Issue: 60

Cite

APA Belen, H. (2021). The Impact of Mindfulness and Assertiveness on Well-being: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 11(60), 147-160.

!! From 30 November 2023, English language proofreading will be required for accepted articles to ensure language quality.