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Adaptation of COVID-19 Rumination Scale (C-19RS) to Turkish: Rumination and Burnout During COVID-19 Pandemic

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 65, 287 - 299, 01.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.17066/tpdrd.1138299

Abstract

The aim of this study is to adapt the COVID-19 Rumination Scale to Turkish and to examine whether the level of COVID-19 rumination differs according to demographic variables and burnout levels. There were 835 participants in the study. The findings revealed that the adapted scale is a valid and reliable tool. In addition, it has been found that COVID-19 rumination is significantly higher in women, those who have lost income and lost acquaintances/relatives (human), those who have active COVID-19 patients from their acquaintances/relatives, and those with high burnout levels. The results of this research are important in terms of revealing the target group for intervention or preventive studies to reduce rumination related to COVID-19. In addition, considering that rumination related to COVID-19 is higher in people with high levels of burnout, it is thought that interventions to reduce rumination may also help reduce burnout.

References

  • Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The fear of COVID-19 scale: development and initial validation. International journal of mental health and addiction, 20:1537–1545 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8
  • Almeida, M., Shrestha, A. D., Stojanac, D., & Miller, L. J. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women’s mental health. Archives of women's mental health, 23(6), 741-748. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01092-2
  • Arden, M. A., & Chilcot, J. (2020). Health psychology and the coronavirus (COVID-19) global pandemic: A call for research. British Journal of Health Psychology, 25(2), 231–232. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12414
  • Boren, J. P. (2013). Co-rumination partially mediates the relationship between social support and emotional exhaustion among graduate students. Communication Quarterly, 61(3), 253-267. https://doi.org/10.1080/01463373.2012.751436
  • Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., & Zheng, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry research, 287, 112934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934
  • Chandu, V. C., Pachava, S., Vadapalli, V., & Marella, Y. (2020). Development and initial validation of the COVID-19 anxiety scale. Indian journal of public health, 64(6), 201.
  • Cokluk, O., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2012). Multivariable statistics for social sciences: Spss and Lisrel applications, Pegem Akademi.
  • Elhai, J. D., Yang, H., McKay, D., & Asmundson, G. J. (2020). COVID-19 anxiety symptoms associated with problematic smartphone use severity in Chinese adults. Journal of Affective Disorders, 274, 576-582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.080
  • Garnefski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Specificity of relations between adolescents’ cognitive emotion regulation strategies and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Cognition and Emotion, 32(7), 1401-1408. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2016.1232698
  • Griffith, A. K. (2020). Parental burnout and child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of family violence, 37:725–731. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-020-00172-2
  • Güngör, D. (2016). Psikolojide Ölçme Araçlarının Geliştirilmesi ve Uyarlanması Kılavuzu (Guide to Development and Adaptation of Assessment Tools in Psychology). Türk psikoloji yazıları, 19(38), 104-112.
  • Haktanir, A., Seki, T., & Dilmaç, B. (2022). Adaptation and evaluation of Turkish version of the fear of COVID-19 scale. Death studies, 46(3), 719-727. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1773026
  • Hoffart, A., Johnson, S. U., & Ebrahimi, O. V. (2020). Loneliness and social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic: Risk factors and associations with psychopathology. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11: 589127. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.589127
  • Kayri, M. (2009). Araştırmalarda gruplar arası farkın belirlenmesine yönelik çoklu karşılaştırma (Post-Hoc) teknikleri. [Multiple comparison (post-hoc) techniques to determine the difference between groups in research]. Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19 (1), 51- 64.
  • Khosravi, M. (2020). Perceived risk of COVID‐19 pandemic: the role of public worry and trust. Electron J Gen Med., 17(4):203. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/7856
  • Kline, R. B. (2016). Methodology in the social sciences. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th ed.). Guilford Press.
  • Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2(2), 99–113. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030020205.
  • Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (2016). Understanding the burnout experience: Recent research and its implications for psychiatry. World Psychiatry: Official Journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 15(2), 103–111. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20311.
  • McLaughlin, K. A., Borkovec, T. D., & Sibrava, N. J. (2007). The effects of worry and rumination on affect states and cognitive activity. Behavior Therapy, 38(1), 23-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2006.03.003
  • Morgantini, L. A., Naha, U., Wang, H., Francavilla, S., Acar, O., Flores, J. M., & Vigneswaran, H. T. (2020). Factors € contributing to healthcare professional burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic: A Rapid Turnaround Global Survey. MedRxiv, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.17.20101915.
  • Nikolova, I., Caniëls, M. C. J., & Curseu, P. L. (2021). COVID-19 Rumination Scale (C-19RS): Initial psychometric evidence in a sample of Dutch employees. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 36(4), 1166-1177. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.3165.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1987). Sex differences in unipolar depression: evidence and theory. Psychological bulletin, 101(2), 259-282.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2000). The role of rumination in depressive disorders and mixed anxiety/depressive symptoms. Journal of abnormal psychology, 109(3), 504-511.
  • Orsini, A., Corsi, M., Pedrinelli, V., Santangelo, A., Bertelloni, C., Dell’Oste, V., ... & Carmassi, C. (2021). Post-traumatic stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in caregivers of children tested for COVID-19 in the acute phase of the Italian outbreak. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 135, 256-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.01.024
  • Özdamar, K. (1999). Paket programlar ile istatistiksel veri analizi 1. (Statistical data analysis with package programs 1.) Kaan Kitabevi.
  • Pines, A. M. (2005). The burnout measure short version (BMS). International Journal of Stress Management, 12(1), 78-88.
  • Smith, J. M., & Alloy, L. B. (2009). A roadmap to rumination: A review of the definition, assessment, and conceptualization of this multifaceted construct. Clinical psychology review, 29(2), 116-128.
  • Sümer, N. (2000). Yapısal eşitlik modelleri: Temel kavramlar ve örnek uygulamalar [Structural equation models: Basic concepts and examples]. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 3(6), 49-74.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics. Allynand Bacon.
  • Tümkaya, S., Çam, S., & Çavuşoğlu, I. (2009). Tükenmişlik ölçeği kısa versiyonu’nun Türkçe’ye uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması (Turkish adaptation, validity and reliability study of the short version of the burnout scale). Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 18(1), 387-398.
  • Turkish Ministry of Health (2020). Pandemi. Available: https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/TR- 66494/pandemi.html
  • Yasin, Y. (2020). Kırılgan Gruplar ve Covid-19: Kadınlar (Vulnerable Groups and Covid-19: Women.). Türk Tabipler Birliği-Covid-19 Pandemisi Altıncı Ay Değerlendirme Raporu, 432, 436.
  • Ye, B., Wu, D., Im, H., Liu, M., Wang, X., & Yang, Q. (2020). Stressors of COVID-19 and stress consequences: the mediating role of rumination and the moderating role of psychological support. Children and youth services review, 118, 105466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105466

COVID-19 Ruminasyon Ölçeğinin (C-19RS) Türkçeye Uyarlanması: COVID-19 Pandemisi Sürecinde Ruminasyon ve Tükenmişlik

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 65, 287 - 299, 01.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.17066/tpdrd.1138299

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, COVID-19 Ruminasyon Ölçeği'ni Türkçe'ye uyarlamak ve COVID-19 ruminasyon düzeyinin demografik değişkenlere ve tükenmişlik düzeylerine göre farklılık gösterip göstermediğini incelemektir. Çalışmaya 835 kişi katılmıştır. Bulgular, uyarlanan ölçeğin geçerli ve güvenilir bir araç olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca kadınlarda, gelir kaybı yaşayan ve tanıdık/yakınını kaybedenlerde, tanıdık/yakınlarından aktif COVID-19 hastası olanlarda ve tükenmişlik düzeyi yüksek olanlarda COVID-19 ruminasyonunun anlamlı olarak daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, COVID-19 ile ilgili ruminasyonu azaltmaya yönelik müdahale veya önleyici çalışmalar için hedef grupların tespit edilmesi açısından önemlidir. Ayrıca tükenmişlik düzeyi yüksek kişilerde COVID-19 ile ilgili ruminasyonun daha yüksek olması göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, ruminasyonu azaltmaya yönelik müdahalelerin tükenmişliği azaltmaya da yardımcı olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

References

  • Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The fear of COVID-19 scale: development and initial validation. International journal of mental health and addiction, 20:1537–1545 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8
  • Almeida, M., Shrestha, A. D., Stojanac, D., & Miller, L. J. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women’s mental health. Archives of women's mental health, 23(6), 741-748. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01092-2
  • Arden, M. A., & Chilcot, J. (2020). Health psychology and the coronavirus (COVID-19) global pandemic: A call for research. British Journal of Health Psychology, 25(2), 231–232. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12414
  • Boren, J. P. (2013). Co-rumination partially mediates the relationship between social support and emotional exhaustion among graduate students. Communication Quarterly, 61(3), 253-267. https://doi.org/10.1080/01463373.2012.751436
  • Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., & Zheng, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry research, 287, 112934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934
  • Chandu, V. C., Pachava, S., Vadapalli, V., & Marella, Y. (2020). Development and initial validation of the COVID-19 anxiety scale. Indian journal of public health, 64(6), 201.
  • Cokluk, O., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2012). Multivariable statistics for social sciences: Spss and Lisrel applications, Pegem Akademi.
  • Elhai, J. D., Yang, H., McKay, D., & Asmundson, G. J. (2020). COVID-19 anxiety symptoms associated with problematic smartphone use severity in Chinese adults. Journal of Affective Disorders, 274, 576-582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.080
  • Garnefski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Specificity of relations between adolescents’ cognitive emotion regulation strategies and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Cognition and Emotion, 32(7), 1401-1408. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2016.1232698
  • Griffith, A. K. (2020). Parental burnout and child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of family violence, 37:725–731. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-020-00172-2
  • Güngör, D. (2016). Psikolojide Ölçme Araçlarının Geliştirilmesi ve Uyarlanması Kılavuzu (Guide to Development and Adaptation of Assessment Tools in Psychology). Türk psikoloji yazıları, 19(38), 104-112.
  • Haktanir, A., Seki, T., & Dilmaç, B. (2022). Adaptation and evaluation of Turkish version of the fear of COVID-19 scale. Death studies, 46(3), 719-727. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1773026
  • Hoffart, A., Johnson, S. U., & Ebrahimi, O. V. (2020). Loneliness and social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic: Risk factors and associations with psychopathology. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11: 589127. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.589127
  • Kayri, M. (2009). Araştırmalarda gruplar arası farkın belirlenmesine yönelik çoklu karşılaştırma (Post-Hoc) teknikleri. [Multiple comparison (post-hoc) techniques to determine the difference between groups in research]. Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19 (1), 51- 64.
  • Khosravi, M. (2020). Perceived risk of COVID‐19 pandemic: the role of public worry and trust. Electron J Gen Med., 17(4):203. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/7856
  • Kline, R. B. (2016). Methodology in the social sciences. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th ed.). Guilford Press.
  • Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2(2), 99–113. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030020205.
  • Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (2016). Understanding the burnout experience: Recent research and its implications for psychiatry. World Psychiatry: Official Journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 15(2), 103–111. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20311.
  • McLaughlin, K. A., Borkovec, T. D., & Sibrava, N. J. (2007). The effects of worry and rumination on affect states and cognitive activity. Behavior Therapy, 38(1), 23-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2006.03.003
  • Morgantini, L. A., Naha, U., Wang, H., Francavilla, S., Acar, O., Flores, J. M., & Vigneswaran, H. T. (2020). Factors € contributing to healthcare professional burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic: A Rapid Turnaround Global Survey. MedRxiv, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.17.20101915.
  • Nikolova, I., Caniëls, M. C. J., & Curseu, P. L. (2021). COVID-19 Rumination Scale (C-19RS): Initial psychometric evidence in a sample of Dutch employees. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 36(4), 1166-1177. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.3165.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1987). Sex differences in unipolar depression: evidence and theory. Psychological bulletin, 101(2), 259-282.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2000). The role of rumination in depressive disorders and mixed anxiety/depressive symptoms. Journal of abnormal psychology, 109(3), 504-511.
  • Orsini, A., Corsi, M., Pedrinelli, V., Santangelo, A., Bertelloni, C., Dell’Oste, V., ... & Carmassi, C. (2021). Post-traumatic stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in caregivers of children tested for COVID-19 in the acute phase of the Italian outbreak. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 135, 256-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.01.024
  • Özdamar, K. (1999). Paket programlar ile istatistiksel veri analizi 1. (Statistical data analysis with package programs 1.) Kaan Kitabevi.
  • Pines, A. M. (2005). The burnout measure short version (BMS). International Journal of Stress Management, 12(1), 78-88.
  • Smith, J. M., & Alloy, L. B. (2009). A roadmap to rumination: A review of the definition, assessment, and conceptualization of this multifaceted construct. Clinical psychology review, 29(2), 116-128.
  • Sümer, N. (2000). Yapısal eşitlik modelleri: Temel kavramlar ve örnek uygulamalar [Structural equation models: Basic concepts and examples]. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 3(6), 49-74.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics. Allynand Bacon.
  • Tümkaya, S., Çam, S., & Çavuşoğlu, I. (2009). Tükenmişlik ölçeği kısa versiyonu’nun Türkçe’ye uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması (Turkish adaptation, validity and reliability study of the short version of the burnout scale). Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 18(1), 387-398.
  • Turkish Ministry of Health (2020). Pandemi. Available: https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/TR- 66494/pandemi.html
  • Yasin, Y. (2020). Kırılgan Gruplar ve Covid-19: Kadınlar (Vulnerable Groups and Covid-19: Women.). Türk Tabipler Birliği-Covid-19 Pandemisi Altıncı Ay Değerlendirme Raporu, 432, 436.
  • Ye, B., Wu, D., Im, H., Liu, M., Wang, X., & Yang, Q. (2020). Stressors of COVID-19 and stress consequences: the mediating role of rumination and the moderating role of psychological support. Children and youth services review, 118, 105466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105466
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Binaz Bozkur

Binnaz Kıran This is me

Early Pub Date June 30, 2022
Publication Date July 1, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 12 Issue: 65

Cite

APA Bozkur, B., & Kıran, B. (2022). Adaptation of COVID-19 Rumination Scale (C-19RS) to Turkish: Rumination and Burnout During COVID-19 Pandemic. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 12(65), 287-299. https://doi.org/10.17066/tpdrd.1138299

!! From 30 November 2023, English language proofreading will be required for accepted articles to ensure language quality.