Research Article
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Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 66, 465 - 477, 15.09.2022

Abstract

References

  • Allen, J. P. (2008). The attachment system in adolescence. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (2nd ed.) (pp. 419–435). New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Barbosa, F., Freitas, J., & Barbosa, A. (2011). Alexithymia in chronic urticarial patients. Psychology, Health and Medicine, 16(2), 215-224. 10.1080/13548506.2010.525657
  • Carvalho, C.B., Sousa, M., da Motta, C., & Cabral, J.M. (2019). The role of shame, self-criticism and early emotional memories in adolescents’ paranoid ideation. J Child Fam Stud, 28, 1337–1345. 10.1007/s10826-019-01363-2
  • Cassidy, J. (2008). The nature of the child’s ties. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (2nd ed.) (pp. 3-22). New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Clulow, C. (2007). John Bowlby and couple psychotherapy. Attachment & Human Development, 9(4), 343-353. 10.1080/14616730701711557
  • Cunha, M., Xavier, A., Martinho, M.I., & Matos, M. (2014). Measuring positive emotional memories in adolescents: Psychometric properties and confirmatory factor analysis of the Early Memories of Warmth and Safeness Scale. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 14(2), 245-259.
  • Cunha, M., Ferreira, C., Duarte, C., Andrade, D., Marta-Simoes, J., & Pinto-Gouveia, J. (2017). Assessing positive emotional memories with peers: The Early Memories of Warmth and Safeness with Peers Scale for adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 54, 73-81. 10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.11.010
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2018). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları [Multivariate statistics for the social sciences: SPSS and LISREL procedures]. Ankara: Pegem Akademi. https://www.pegem.net/kitabevi/46321-Sosyal-Bilimler-Icin-Cok-Degiskenli-Istatistik-SPSS-ve-LISREL-Uygulamaları-kitabi.aspx
  • Doğan, T. (2008). Social support and wellness as predictors of psychological symptoms. Turkish Psychological Counselling and Guidance Journal, 3(30), 30-44.
  • Gilbert, P., Cheung, M. S. P., Grandfield, T., Campey, F., & Irons, C. (2003). Recall of threat and submissiveness in childhood: Development of a new scale and its relationship with depression, social comparison and shame. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy: An International Journal of Theory & Practice, 10(2), 108-115. 10.1002/cpp.359
  • Hisli, N. (1989). Beck Depresyon Envanterinin üniversite öğrencileri için geçerliği, güvenirliği [The validity and reliability of the Beck Depression Inventory for university students]. Psikoloji Dergisi, 7(23), 3-13.
  • Huguelet, P., Mohr, S., Rieben, I., Hasler, R., Perroud, N., & Brandt, P. Y. (2015). Attachment and coping in psychosis in relation to spiritual figures. BMC Psychiatry, 15, 237-248. 10.1186/s12888-015-0617-4
  • Kharsati, N., & Bhola, P. (2016). Self-injurious behavior, emotion regulation, and attachment styles among college students in India. Indian Psychiatry Journal, 25, 23-28. doi: 10.4103/0972-6748.196049
  • Marta-Simões, J., Ferreira, C., & Mendes, A. L. (2018). Self-compassion: An adaptive link between early memories and women’s quality of life. Journal of Health Psychology, 23(7), 929-938. 10.1177/1359105316656771
  • Ministry of National Education (2012). Ilköğretim ve eğitim kanunu ile bazı kanunlarda değişiklik yapılmasına dair kanun [Law on revision of primary education and education law]. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2012/04/20120411-8.htm
  • Nilsson, J. E., Knutsson, J., Jalamo, B. S., & Lundh, L. G. (2019). Imagery rescripting of early memories in health anxiety disorder: A feasibility and non-randomized pilot study. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 65(101491), 1-6. 10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.101491
  • Öner, N., & Le Compte, A. (1983). Durumluk - Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri el kitabı [The handbook of the State - Trait Anxiety Inventory]. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayını.
  • Porcerelli, J. H., Cogan, R., Melchior, K. A., Jasinski, M. J., Richardson, L., Fowler, S. et al. (2016). Convergent validity of the early memory index in two primary care samples. Journal of Personality Assessment, 98(3), 289-297. 10.1080/00223891.2015.1107573
  • Richter, A., Gilbert, P., & McEwan, K. (2009). Development of an early memories of warmth and safeness scale and its relationship to psychopathology. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 82(2), 171-184. 10.1348/147608308X395213
  • Silva, C., Ferreira, C., Mendes, A. L., & Marta-Simões, J. (2019). The relation of early positive emotional memories to women’s social safeness: The role of shame and fear of receiving compassion. Women & Health, 59(4), 420-432. 10.1080/03630242.2018.1487906
  • Sümer, N., Ünal, S., Selçuk, E., Kaya, B., Polat, R., & Çekem, B. (2009). Attachment and psychopathology: Relationship between adult attachment and depression, panic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Turkish Journal of Psychology, 24(63), 38-47.
  • Şimşek, Ö. F. (2007). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş: Temel ilkeler ve LISREL uygulamaları [An introduction to structural equation modeling: Basic principles and LISREL procedures]. Ekinoks.
  • Tasca, G.A., Ritchie, K., Zachariades, F., Proulx, G., Trinneer, A., Balfour, L. et al. (2013). Attachment insecurity mediates the relationship between childhood trauma and eating disorder psychopathology in a clinical sample: A structural equation model. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37, 926-933. 10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.03.004
  • Vagos, P., Ribeiro da Silva, D., Brazão, N., Rijo, D., & Gilbert, P. (2017). The Early Memories of Warmth and Safeness Scale for adolescents: Cross-sample validation of the complete and brief versions. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 24, 793-804. 10.1002/cpp.2059
  • Wilson, J. M., Weiss, A., & Shook, N. J. (2020). Mindfulness, self-compassion, and savoring: Factors that explain the relation between perceived social support and well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 152, 1-9. 10.1016/j.paid.2019.109568
  • Wolf, T., & Zimprich, D. (2016). The distribution and the functions of autobiographical memories: Why do older adults remember autobiographical memories from their youth? European Journal of Ageing, 13(3), 241-250. 10.1007/s10433-016-0372-5
  • Yaşlıoğlu, M. M. (2017). Sosyal bilimlerde faktör analizi ve geçerlilik: Keşfedici ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizlerinin kullanılması [Factor analysis and validity in social sciences: Application of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses]. İstanbul University Journal of the School of Business, 46(Special issue), 74-85. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/369427

Predicting Trait Anxiety and Depression Symptomatology in Young Adults: The Role of Positive Early Childhood Memories

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 66, 465 - 477, 15.09.2022

Abstract

The role of negative early memories has been shown to be linked with various adult psychopathologies. Some however claim positive early memories to be a better predictor of psychopathology. The aim of this study was to test this assumption for trait anxiety and depressive symptoms in a Turkish sample. First, the Early Memories of Warmth and Safeness Scale-EMWSS was adapted into Turkish using a sample of 200 high-school and 213 university students. Findings from Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses confirmed the original single-factor structure, while tests of reliability revealed excellent results. Secondly, EMWSS-Turkish Version (EMWSS-T), Trait Anxiety Scale (TAS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were administered to an independent sample of 121 university students to test the predictive power of EMWSS-T on trait anxiety and depressive symptoms. Results showed that EMWSS-T significantly explained 20% and 11% of the variance in TAS and BDI, respectively and discriminated normal and above-normal BDI scorers. In conclusion, the study was able to confirm the role of positive early memories in trait anxiety and depressive symptomatology. In addition, a new supplementary measure for detecting psychopathological symptoms were introduced to clinical and post-secondary educational settings.

References

  • Allen, J. P. (2008). The attachment system in adolescence. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (2nd ed.) (pp. 419–435). New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Barbosa, F., Freitas, J., & Barbosa, A. (2011). Alexithymia in chronic urticarial patients. Psychology, Health and Medicine, 16(2), 215-224. 10.1080/13548506.2010.525657
  • Carvalho, C.B., Sousa, M., da Motta, C., & Cabral, J.M. (2019). The role of shame, self-criticism and early emotional memories in adolescents’ paranoid ideation. J Child Fam Stud, 28, 1337–1345. 10.1007/s10826-019-01363-2
  • Cassidy, J. (2008). The nature of the child’s ties. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (2nd ed.) (pp. 3-22). New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Clulow, C. (2007). John Bowlby and couple psychotherapy. Attachment & Human Development, 9(4), 343-353. 10.1080/14616730701711557
  • Cunha, M., Xavier, A., Martinho, M.I., & Matos, M. (2014). Measuring positive emotional memories in adolescents: Psychometric properties and confirmatory factor analysis of the Early Memories of Warmth and Safeness Scale. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 14(2), 245-259.
  • Cunha, M., Ferreira, C., Duarte, C., Andrade, D., Marta-Simoes, J., & Pinto-Gouveia, J. (2017). Assessing positive emotional memories with peers: The Early Memories of Warmth and Safeness with Peers Scale for adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 54, 73-81. 10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.11.010
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2018). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları [Multivariate statistics for the social sciences: SPSS and LISREL procedures]. Ankara: Pegem Akademi. https://www.pegem.net/kitabevi/46321-Sosyal-Bilimler-Icin-Cok-Degiskenli-Istatistik-SPSS-ve-LISREL-Uygulamaları-kitabi.aspx
  • Doğan, T. (2008). Social support and wellness as predictors of psychological symptoms. Turkish Psychological Counselling and Guidance Journal, 3(30), 30-44.
  • Gilbert, P., Cheung, M. S. P., Grandfield, T., Campey, F., & Irons, C. (2003). Recall of threat and submissiveness in childhood: Development of a new scale and its relationship with depression, social comparison and shame. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy: An International Journal of Theory & Practice, 10(2), 108-115. 10.1002/cpp.359
  • Hisli, N. (1989). Beck Depresyon Envanterinin üniversite öğrencileri için geçerliği, güvenirliği [The validity and reliability of the Beck Depression Inventory for university students]. Psikoloji Dergisi, 7(23), 3-13.
  • Huguelet, P., Mohr, S., Rieben, I., Hasler, R., Perroud, N., & Brandt, P. Y. (2015). Attachment and coping in psychosis in relation to spiritual figures. BMC Psychiatry, 15, 237-248. 10.1186/s12888-015-0617-4
  • Kharsati, N., & Bhola, P. (2016). Self-injurious behavior, emotion regulation, and attachment styles among college students in India. Indian Psychiatry Journal, 25, 23-28. doi: 10.4103/0972-6748.196049
  • Marta-Simões, J., Ferreira, C., & Mendes, A. L. (2018). Self-compassion: An adaptive link between early memories and women’s quality of life. Journal of Health Psychology, 23(7), 929-938. 10.1177/1359105316656771
  • Ministry of National Education (2012). Ilköğretim ve eğitim kanunu ile bazı kanunlarda değişiklik yapılmasına dair kanun [Law on revision of primary education and education law]. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2012/04/20120411-8.htm
  • Nilsson, J. E., Knutsson, J., Jalamo, B. S., & Lundh, L. G. (2019). Imagery rescripting of early memories in health anxiety disorder: A feasibility and non-randomized pilot study. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 65(101491), 1-6. 10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.101491
  • Öner, N., & Le Compte, A. (1983). Durumluk - Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri el kitabı [The handbook of the State - Trait Anxiety Inventory]. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayını.
  • Porcerelli, J. H., Cogan, R., Melchior, K. A., Jasinski, M. J., Richardson, L., Fowler, S. et al. (2016). Convergent validity of the early memory index in two primary care samples. Journal of Personality Assessment, 98(3), 289-297. 10.1080/00223891.2015.1107573
  • Richter, A., Gilbert, P., & McEwan, K. (2009). Development of an early memories of warmth and safeness scale and its relationship to psychopathology. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 82(2), 171-184. 10.1348/147608308X395213
  • Silva, C., Ferreira, C., Mendes, A. L., & Marta-Simões, J. (2019). The relation of early positive emotional memories to women’s social safeness: The role of shame and fear of receiving compassion. Women & Health, 59(4), 420-432. 10.1080/03630242.2018.1487906
  • Sümer, N., Ünal, S., Selçuk, E., Kaya, B., Polat, R., & Çekem, B. (2009). Attachment and psychopathology: Relationship between adult attachment and depression, panic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Turkish Journal of Psychology, 24(63), 38-47.
  • Şimşek, Ö. F. (2007). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş: Temel ilkeler ve LISREL uygulamaları [An introduction to structural equation modeling: Basic principles and LISREL procedures]. Ekinoks.
  • Tasca, G.A., Ritchie, K., Zachariades, F., Proulx, G., Trinneer, A., Balfour, L. et al. (2013). Attachment insecurity mediates the relationship between childhood trauma and eating disorder psychopathology in a clinical sample: A structural equation model. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37, 926-933. 10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.03.004
  • Vagos, P., Ribeiro da Silva, D., Brazão, N., Rijo, D., & Gilbert, P. (2017). The Early Memories of Warmth and Safeness Scale for adolescents: Cross-sample validation of the complete and brief versions. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 24, 793-804. 10.1002/cpp.2059
  • Wilson, J. M., Weiss, A., & Shook, N. J. (2020). Mindfulness, self-compassion, and savoring: Factors that explain the relation between perceived social support and well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 152, 1-9. 10.1016/j.paid.2019.109568
  • Wolf, T., & Zimprich, D. (2016). The distribution and the functions of autobiographical memories: Why do older adults remember autobiographical memories from their youth? European Journal of Ageing, 13(3), 241-250. 10.1007/s10433-016-0372-5
  • Yaşlıoğlu, M. M. (2017). Sosyal bilimlerde faktör analizi ve geçerlilik: Keşfedici ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizlerinin kullanılması [Factor analysis and validity in social sciences: Application of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses]. İstanbul University Journal of the School of Business, 46(Special issue), 74-85. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/369427
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Umut Haydar Coşkun This is me

Ayşe Dolunay Sarıca This is me

Elif Ulu-ercan This is me

Publication Date September 15, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 12 Issue: 66

Cite

APA Coşkun, U. H., Sarıca, A. D., & Ulu-ercan, E. (2022). Predicting Trait Anxiety and Depression Symptomatology in Young Adults: The Role of Positive Early Childhood Memories. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 12(66), 465-477. https://doi.org/10.17066/tpdrd.1174978

!! From 30 November 2023, English language proofreading will be required for accepted articles to ensure language quality.