Year 2024,
Volume: 14 Issue: 74, 327 - 338, 30.09.2024
Mehmet Buğra Akalın
,
Zehni Koç
References
- Akyüz, B. (2020). Investigation of the relationship between metacognition, cognitive flexibility and self-efficacy levels of pre-service teachers (Publication No: 641815) [Master thesis, İzmir Democracy University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Alan, S. (2020). Investigation of the relationship between pscychological counselors' multicultural counseling competencies and cognitive flexibility (Publication No: 647150) [Master thesis, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- American Counseling Association. (2014). Code of ethics. Retrieved from https://www.counseling.org/resources/aca-code-of-ethics.pdf
- Anbe, K.M. (2016). Three studies on culture and creativity: The influence of cultural syndromes, multicultural personality, and multicultural experience on divergent, convergent, and holistic tasks of creativity [Doctoral dissertation, University of Hawaii.]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
- Barrott, J. (2014). Psikolojik danışmada kültür ve çeşitlilik [Culture and diversity in counseling] W. Dryden, ve A. Reeves (Eds.), In Psikolojik danışma uygulamalarında temel konular [Basic issues in psychological counseling practices] (pp.270-282). Nobel.
- Bektaş, Y. (2006). Kültüre duyarlı psikolojik danışma yeterlikleri ve psikolojik danışman eğitimindeki yeri. [Multicultural Counseling Competences and The Place of Multicultural Competences in Counseling Education]. Ege Journal of Education, 7(1), 43-59.
- Berry, J. W. (1974). Psychological aspects of cultural pluralism: Unity and identity reconsidered. Topics in Culture Learning, 2, 17-22.
- Berry, J. W. (2008). Globalisation and acculturation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 32(4), 328-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2008.04.001
- Berry, J. W. (2015). Global psychology: implications for cross-cultural research and management. Cross Cultural Management, 22(3), 342-355. https://doi.org/10.1108/CCM-03-2015-0031
- Buyruk Genç, A. (2019). The mediating role of cultural intelligence and cognitive flexibility on the relations among counselors' effective counselor characteristics and multicultural counseling competencies (Publication No: 647150) [Doctoral dissertation, Yıldız Teknik University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Canas, J. J., Fajardo, I. & Salmeron, L. (2006). Cognitive flexibility. International Encyclopedia of Ergonomics and Human Factors, 1, 296-301. https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.4439.6326
- Chen, G. (1987). Dimensıons of intercultural communication competence [Doctoral dissertation, Kent State University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
- Corey, G. (2015). Psikolojik danışma, psikoterapi kuram ve uygulamaları [Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy] (8th Edition). Mentis.
- Creswell, J.W. (2014). Research design. Sage publications.
- Çeltekligil, Z. (2021). Investigation of the relationship between authenticity levels and personality traits of university students, evaluation of the possible mediating role of cognitive flexibility (Publication No: 693938) [Master thesis, İstanbul Gelişim University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Darren, G. & Mallery, P. (2001). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference, 10.0 update. Allyn and Bacon.
- Dennis, J. P. & Vander Wal, J. S. (2010). The cognitive flexibility inventory: Instrument development and estimates of reliability and validity. Cognitive therapy and research, 34(3), 241-253. 10.1007/s10608-009-9276-4
- Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS. Sage.
- Güçlücan, N. (2016). Investigation of counselors'perceived cultural sensivity in terms of their demographics and professional variables (Publication No: 432443) [Doctoral dissertation, Anadolu University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Güvenç, F. (2019). Relationship between cognitive flexibility and intolerance of uncertainty and personality traits university students (Publication No: 583636) [Master thesis, Necmettin Erbakan University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Hanna, F. J., Bemak, F. & Chung, R. C. Y. (1999). Toward a new paradigm for multicultural counseling. Journal of Counseling & Development, 77(2), 125-134.
- Hayes, A. F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Communication Monographs, 76(4), 408-420. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637750903310360
- Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis (Second edition). Guilford Press.
- Hofstede, G. & Hofstede, G. J. (2005). Cultures and organizations: software of the mind. Mcgraw-Hill.
- Ivey, A.E., D’Andrea, M., Bradford Ivey, M. ve Sımek-Morgan, L. (2002) Theories of counseling and psychotherapy : a multicultural perspective (Fifth edition). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
- İlhan, T. & Özdemir, Y. (2013). Adaptation of Authenticity Scale to Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 4(40), 142-153. https://doi.org/10.17066/pdrd.09169
- İşmen Gazioğlu, A.E. & Demir, İ. (2020). The Role of Authenticity and World Assumptions in Predicting Counselor Trainees’ Self-Efficacy. Balikesir University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 23(44), 827-844. https://doi.org/10.31795/baunsobed.691544
- Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2000). Kültürel psikoloji [Cultural psychology]. Evrim.
- Kağnıcı, D.Y. (2019). Kültür ve psikolojik danışma [Cultural and psychological counseling]. Pegem.
- Keller, M. S. (2020). How we got into ‘authenticity’ and ‘originality’ thinking, and why we should find a way out of it. Claviez, T., Sweers, B. & Imesch, K. (Eds.), in Critique of authenticity (s.135-155). Vernon Press.
- Kernis, M. H. & Goldman, B. M. (2006). A multicomponent conceptualization of authenticity: Theory and research. Advances in experimental social psychology, 38, 283-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(06)38006-9
- Kline, R. B. (2010). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford Press.
- Kottler, J.A. (2017). Terapist olmak üzerine [On Being a Therapist] (E. Okan Gezmiş, Tr. Ed.). Pegasus.
- Krippendorff, K. (2004). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology (Second Editon). Sage publications.
- Lüleci, S. (2014). Development and implementation of multicultural atiitudes scale for psychological counselors (Publication No: 382056) [Master thesis, Uludağ University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Martinez, J. K. & Dong, S. (2020). An investigation of multicultural counseling competence development among graduate-level counseling students through mindfulness, cognitive complexity, and cognitive flexibility. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 42(3), 292-306. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10447-020-09400-2
- Maslow, A. (2011). İnsan Olmanın Psikolojisi [The Psychology of Being Human] (O. Gündüz, Tr.). Kuraldışı.
- Meydan, B. & Arslan, Ü. (2021). Psikolojik danışma etik kodları. [Ethical codes of psychological counseling]. Türk PDR Derneği.
- Nas, C. (2020). Investigation of effectiveness of inquiry based activities based on authentic learning approaches on 5th grade students' academic achievement and creative problem solving skills (Publication No: 631936) [Master thesis, Marmara University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Özer, Ö. (2014). Developing of multicultural counseling competencies scale (Publication No: 631936) [Master thesis, Gaziosmanpaşa University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Parekh, B. (2002). Çokkültürlülüğü yeniden düşünmek [Rethinking Multiculturalism] (B. Tanrıseven, Tr.). Phoenix.
- Pedersen, P. (1998). Culture-centered interventions as a fourth dimension of psychology. P. Pedersen (Ed.), in Multiculturalism as a fourth force (s. 3-17). Newyork: Hamilton.
- Pedersen, P. (2000). A handbook for developing multicultural awareness (3. Edition). American Counseling Association.
- Peker Akman, T. & Demir, M. (2021). Üniversite öğrencilerinin bilinçli farkındalıkları ile bilişsel esneklikleri arasındaki ilişki [The Relationship Between Mindfulness and Cognitive Flexibility of University Students]. Life Skills Journal of Psychology, 5(9), 11-20. https://doi.org/10.31461/ybpd.879554
- Prince, K. J. (2003). An Empirical Examination of the Relationships Among Authenticity, Self-actualization, and Multicultural Counseling Competency [Doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
- Pullu, E.K. (2019). The effect of authentic task-based practices in programming teaching on students' academic achievement, attitudes, problem solving and creative thinking skills (Publication No: 576845) [Master thesis, Fırat University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Ratzlaff, C., Matsumoto, D., Kouznetsova, N., Raroque, J. & Ray, R. (2000). Individual psychological culture and subjective well-being. Culture and subjective well-being, 37-59.
- Rogers, C. R. (1961). On becoming a person: A therapist’s view of psychotherapy. Houghton Mifflin.
- Sapmaz, F. & Doğan, T. (2013). Assessment of cognitive flexibility: Reliability and validity studies of Turkish version of the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences, 46(1), 143-161. https://doi.org/10.1501/Egifak_0000001278
- Scott, W. A. (1962). Cognitive complexity and cognitive flexibility. Sociometry, 405-414. Https://doi.org/10.2307/2785779
- Solso, R.L., Maclin, M.K. ve Maclin, O.H. (2018). Bilişsel psikoloji [Cognitive Psychology]. (A. A. Dinn, Tr.). Bilge.
- Sue, D.W., Arredondo, P. & Mcdavis, R.J. (1992). Multicultural counseling competencies and standarts: A Call to the profession. Journal of Counseling & Development, 70, 477-486. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1992.tb01642.x
- Şahin, C. (Ed.) (2018). Psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik alanında çalışanlar için etik kurallar [Ethical rules for those working in the field of psychological counseling and guidance] (12th Edition). Türk PDR Derneği.
- Tabachnick, B. G. & Fidell, L. S. (2015). Çok değişkenli istatistiklerin kullanımı [Using Multivariate Statistics] (M. Baloğlu Tr.) Nobel.
- Taylor, C. (2003). The ethics of authenticity (7th Edition). Harvard University.
- Tekin, S. (2021). A study for the relationship between university students' authenticity levels and problem-solving skills (Publication No: 665798) [Master thesis, Gazi University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Weide Shibl, G. (2010). The relationships among White counselors' cognitive flexibility, racial identity statuses, and perceived multicultural counseling competence. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 71(5-B), 3370.
- Wood, A. M., Linley, P. A., Maltby, J., Baliousis, M. & Joseph, S. (2008). The authentic personality: A theoretical and empirical conceptualization and the development of the Authenticity Scale. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 55(3), 385-399. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.55.3.385
- Xu, X., Xia, M., Zhao, J. & Pang, W. (2021). Be real, open, and creative: How openness to experience and to change mediate the authenticity-creativity association. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 41, 100857.
- Young, M. E. (2019). Yardım sanatını öğrenme: Temel yardım becerileri ve teknikleri [Learning the Art of Helping: Building Blocks and Techniques] (F. Bacanlı ve G. Yüksel Tr. Eds.), (6th Edition). Pegem.
The Mediator Role of Cognitive Flexibility Levels in the Relationship Between Authenticity Levels and Multicultural Counseling Competence Perceptions of Psychological Counselors
Year 2024,
Volume: 14 Issue: 74, 327 - 338, 30.09.2024
Mehmet Buğra Akalın
,
Zehni Koç
Abstract
This study examines the mediating role of cognitive flexibility levels in the relationship between counselors' authenticity levels and their perceptions of multicultural counseling competence. In the study, a relational survey model was employed. The study group consisted of 617 counselors, 493 female and 124 male, living in various cities in Turkey. "Personal Information Form", "Authenticity Scale", "Multicultural Counseling Competencies Scale" and "Cognitive Flexibility Inventory" were used for data collection. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was used to analyze the data. As a result of the study, it was determined that there were significant positive correlations between counselors' authenticity levels, cognitive flexibility levels, and their perceptions of multicultural counseling competencies. While the direct effect of authenticity levels on multicultural counseling competence perceptions was insignificant, the total and indirect effects were found to be significant. In this context, it was found that the cognitive flexibility levels of the counselors play a full mediating role in the relationship between their authenticity levels and their perceptions of multicultural counseling competence. The results were discussed and evaluated within the framework of the relevant literature. Finally, based on the findings of the study, suggestions were made for researchers and practitioners.
Ethical Statement
This study was carried out with the ethics of Gazi University Ethics Commission dated 01.12.2021 and numbered E-77082166-302.08.01-224922 and the application permission of the Ministry of National Education Strategy Development Department dated 11.01.2022 and numbered 41055880.
Thanks
The authors would like to thank Gazi University Academic Writing Application and Research Center for proofreading the article.
References
- Akyüz, B. (2020). Investigation of the relationship between metacognition, cognitive flexibility and self-efficacy levels of pre-service teachers (Publication No: 641815) [Master thesis, İzmir Democracy University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Alan, S. (2020). Investigation of the relationship between pscychological counselors' multicultural counseling competencies and cognitive flexibility (Publication No: 647150) [Master thesis, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- American Counseling Association. (2014). Code of ethics. Retrieved from https://www.counseling.org/resources/aca-code-of-ethics.pdf
- Anbe, K.M. (2016). Three studies on culture and creativity: The influence of cultural syndromes, multicultural personality, and multicultural experience on divergent, convergent, and holistic tasks of creativity [Doctoral dissertation, University of Hawaii.]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
- Barrott, J. (2014). Psikolojik danışmada kültür ve çeşitlilik [Culture and diversity in counseling] W. Dryden, ve A. Reeves (Eds.), In Psikolojik danışma uygulamalarında temel konular [Basic issues in psychological counseling practices] (pp.270-282). Nobel.
- Bektaş, Y. (2006). Kültüre duyarlı psikolojik danışma yeterlikleri ve psikolojik danışman eğitimindeki yeri. [Multicultural Counseling Competences and The Place of Multicultural Competences in Counseling Education]. Ege Journal of Education, 7(1), 43-59.
- Berry, J. W. (1974). Psychological aspects of cultural pluralism: Unity and identity reconsidered. Topics in Culture Learning, 2, 17-22.
- Berry, J. W. (2008). Globalisation and acculturation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 32(4), 328-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2008.04.001
- Berry, J. W. (2015). Global psychology: implications for cross-cultural research and management. Cross Cultural Management, 22(3), 342-355. https://doi.org/10.1108/CCM-03-2015-0031
- Buyruk Genç, A. (2019). The mediating role of cultural intelligence and cognitive flexibility on the relations among counselors' effective counselor characteristics and multicultural counseling competencies (Publication No: 647150) [Doctoral dissertation, Yıldız Teknik University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Canas, J. J., Fajardo, I. & Salmeron, L. (2006). Cognitive flexibility. International Encyclopedia of Ergonomics and Human Factors, 1, 296-301. https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.4439.6326
- Chen, G. (1987). Dimensıons of intercultural communication competence [Doctoral dissertation, Kent State University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
- Corey, G. (2015). Psikolojik danışma, psikoterapi kuram ve uygulamaları [Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy] (8th Edition). Mentis.
- Creswell, J.W. (2014). Research design. Sage publications.
- Çeltekligil, Z. (2021). Investigation of the relationship between authenticity levels and personality traits of university students, evaluation of the possible mediating role of cognitive flexibility (Publication No: 693938) [Master thesis, İstanbul Gelişim University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Darren, G. & Mallery, P. (2001). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference, 10.0 update. Allyn and Bacon.
- Dennis, J. P. & Vander Wal, J. S. (2010). The cognitive flexibility inventory: Instrument development and estimates of reliability and validity. Cognitive therapy and research, 34(3), 241-253. 10.1007/s10608-009-9276-4
- Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS. Sage.
- Güçlücan, N. (2016). Investigation of counselors'perceived cultural sensivity in terms of their demographics and professional variables (Publication No: 432443) [Doctoral dissertation, Anadolu University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Güvenç, F. (2019). Relationship between cognitive flexibility and intolerance of uncertainty and personality traits university students (Publication No: 583636) [Master thesis, Necmettin Erbakan University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Hanna, F. J., Bemak, F. & Chung, R. C. Y. (1999). Toward a new paradigm for multicultural counseling. Journal of Counseling & Development, 77(2), 125-134.
- Hayes, A. F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Communication Monographs, 76(4), 408-420. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637750903310360
- Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis (Second edition). Guilford Press.
- Hofstede, G. & Hofstede, G. J. (2005). Cultures and organizations: software of the mind. Mcgraw-Hill.
- Ivey, A.E., D’Andrea, M., Bradford Ivey, M. ve Sımek-Morgan, L. (2002) Theories of counseling and psychotherapy : a multicultural perspective (Fifth edition). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
- İlhan, T. & Özdemir, Y. (2013). Adaptation of Authenticity Scale to Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 4(40), 142-153. https://doi.org/10.17066/pdrd.09169
- İşmen Gazioğlu, A.E. & Demir, İ. (2020). The Role of Authenticity and World Assumptions in Predicting Counselor Trainees’ Self-Efficacy. Balikesir University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 23(44), 827-844. https://doi.org/10.31795/baunsobed.691544
- Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2000). Kültürel psikoloji [Cultural psychology]. Evrim.
- Kağnıcı, D.Y. (2019). Kültür ve psikolojik danışma [Cultural and psychological counseling]. Pegem.
- Keller, M. S. (2020). How we got into ‘authenticity’ and ‘originality’ thinking, and why we should find a way out of it. Claviez, T., Sweers, B. & Imesch, K. (Eds.), in Critique of authenticity (s.135-155). Vernon Press.
- Kernis, M. H. & Goldman, B. M. (2006). A multicomponent conceptualization of authenticity: Theory and research. Advances in experimental social psychology, 38, 283-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(06)38006-9
- Kline, R. B. (2010). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford Press.
- Kottler, J.A. (2017). Terapist olmak üzerine [On Being a Therapist] (E. Okan Gezmiş, Tr. Ed.). Pegasus.
- Krippendorff, K. (2004). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology (Second Editon). Sage publications.
- Lüleci, S. (2014). Development and implementation of multicultural atiitudes scale for psychological counselors (Publication No: 382056) [Master thesis, Uludağ University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Martinez, J. K. & Dong, S. (2020). An investigation of multicultural counseling competence development among graduate-level counseling students through mindfulness, cognitive complexity, and cognitive flexibility. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 42(3), 292-306. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10447-020-09400-2
- Maslow, A. (2011). İnsan Olmanın Psikolojisi [The Psychology of Being Human] (O. Gündüz, Tr.). Kuraldışı.
- Meydan, B. & Arslan, Ü. (2021). Psikolojik danışma etik kodları. [Ethical codes of psychological counseling]. Türk PDR Derneği.
- Nas, C. (2020). Investigation of effectiveness of inquiry based activities based on authentic learning approaches on 5th grade students' academic achievement and creative problem solving skills (Publication No: 631936) [Master thesis, Marmara University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Özer, Ö. (2014). Developing of multicultural counseling competencies scale (Publication No: 631936) [Master thesis, Gaziosmanpaşa University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Parekh, B. (2002). Çokkültürlülüğü yeniden düşünmek [Rethinking Multiculturalism] (B. Tanrıseven, Tr.). Phoenix.
- Pedersen, P. (1998). Culture-centered interventions as a fourth dimension of psychology. P. Pedersen (Ed.), in Multiculturalism as a fourth force (s. 3-17). Newyork: Hamilton.
- Pedersen, P. (2000). A handbook for developing multicultural awareness (3. Edition). American Counseling Association.
- Peker Akman, T. & Demir, M. (2021). Üniversite öğrencilerinin bilinçli farkındalıkları ile bilişsel esneklikleri arasındaki ilişki [The Relationship Between Mindfulness and Cognitive Flexibility of University Students]. Life Skills Journal of Psychology, 5(9), 11-20. https://doi.org/10.31461/ybpd.879554
- Prince, K. J. (2003). An Empirical Examination of the Relationships Among Authenticity, Self-actualization, and Multicultural Counseling Competency [Doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
- Pullu, E.K. (2019). The effect of authentic task-based practices in programming teaching on students' academic achievement, attitudes, problem solving and creative thinking skills (Publication No: 576845) [Master thesis, Fırat University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Ratzlaff, C., Matsumoto, D., Kouznetsova, N., Raroque, J. & Ray, R. (2000). Individual psychological culture and subjective well-being. Culture and subjective well-being, 37-59.
- Rogers, C. R. (1961). On becoming a person: A therapist’s view of psychotherapy. Houghton Mifflin.
- Sapmaz, F. & Doğan, T. (2013). Assessment of cognitive flexibility: Reliability and validity studies of Turkish version of the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences, 46(1), 143-161. https://doi.org/10.1501/Egifak_0000001278
- Scott, W. A. (1962). Cognitive complexity and cognitive flexibility. Sociometry, 405-414. Https://doi.org/10.2307/2785779
- Solso, R.L., Maclin, M.K. ve Maclin, O.H. (2018). Bilişsel psikoloji [Cognitive Psychology]. (A. A. Dinn, Tr.). Bilge.
- Sue, D.W., Arredondo, P. & Mcdavis, R.J. (1992). Multicultural counseling competencies and standarts: A Call to the profession. Journal of Counseling & Development, 70, 477-486. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1992.tb01642.x
- Şahin, C. (Ed.) (2018). Psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik alanında çalışanlar için etik kurallar [Ethical rules for those working in the field of psychological counseling and guidance] (12th Edition). Türk PDR Derneği.
- Tabachnick, B. G. & Fidell, L. S. (2015). Çok değişkenli istatistiklerin kullanımı [Using Multivariate Statistics] (M. Baloğlu Tr.) Nobel.
- Taylor, C. (2003). The ethics of authenticity (7th Edition). Harvard University.
- Tekin, S. (2021). A study for the relationship between university students' authenticity levels and problem-solving skills (Publication No: 665798) [Master thesis, Gazi University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Weide Shibl, G. (2010). The relationships among White counselors' cognitive flexibility, racial identity statuses, and perceived multicultural counseling competence. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 71(5-B), 3370.
- Wood, A. M., Linley, P. A., Maltby, J., Baliousis, M. & Joseph, S. (2008). The authentic personality: A theoretical and empirical conceptualization and the development of the Authenticity Scale. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 55(3), 385-399. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.55.3.385
- Xu, X., Xia, M., Zhao, J. & Pang, W. (2021). Be real, open, and creative: How openness to experience and to change mediate the authenticity-creativity association. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 41, 100857.
- Young, M. E. (2019). Yardım sanatını öğrenme: Temel yardım becerileri ve teknikleri [Learning the Art of Helping: Building Blocks and Techniques] (F. Bacanlı ve G. Yüksel Tr. Eds.), (6th Edition). Pegem.