Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

The Mediating Role of Mentalization Capacity in The Relationship Between Family Unpredictability and The Infidelity Tendency

Year 2025, Volume: 15 Issue: 77, 242 - 254, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.17066/tpdrd.1455910

Abstract

The primary aim of this study is to investigate the mediating role of mentalization capacity in the relationship between family unpredictability and the tendency toward infidelity (extradyadic involvement). Family unpredictability refers to the inconsistencies in family behaviors and regulatory systems, while infidelity, within the context of a romantic relationship, refers to a partner's violation of norms regulating emotional or physical intimacy with others outside the relationship. Mentalization is the ability to understand the conscious or unconscious states of mind of oneself and others. The study's participants consisted of 441 middle-aged adults involved in romantic relationships, including dating, engaged, or married. The Retrospective Family Unpredictability Scale, The Mentalization Scale, The Infidelity Tendency Scale, and the Socio-demographic Data Form were used in this study. Structural Equation Modelling was employed to test the proposed model. Findings indicated that family unpredictability significantly predicted both the tendency toward infidelity (extradyadic involvement) and mentalization capacity in middle-aged adults involved in romantic relationships. Mentalization capacity, in turn, was identified as a partial mediator in the relationship between family unpredictability and the tendency toward infidelity. These findings suggest that individuals who experience inconsistencies in family behaviors and regulatory systems may be more prone to infidelity, potentially due to compromised mentalization capacity. The findings obtained in this study highlight the significance of stable family environments and the development of mentalization skills in the risk of infidelity in romantic relationships.

References

  • Ainsworth, M. D., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment:Assessed in the strange situation and at home. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Atkins, D. C., Baucom, D. H., & Jacobson, N. S. (2001). Understanding infidelity: Correlates in a national random sample. Journal of Family Psychology, 15(4), 735-739.
  • Bateman, A., & Fonagy, P. (2013). Mentalization-based treatment. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 33, 595-613. Bornstein, M. H. (2002). Handbook of parenting, Vol. 5: Practical issues in parenting. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss, Vol. 1: Attachment. Basic Books.
  • Bowlby, J. (1994). The making and breaking of affectional bonds. Routledge.
  • Bumpass, L. L., Sweet, J. A., & Cherlin, A. (1991). The role of cohabitation in declining rates of marriage. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, 913–927.
  • Carlton, B. S., Goebert, D. A., Miyamoto, R. H., Andrade, N. N., Hishinuma, E. S., Makini, G., & Nishimura, S. T. (2006). Resilience, family adversity, and well-being among Hawaiian and non-Hawaiian adolescents. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 52, 291-308.
  • Dimitrijević, A., Hanak, N., Altaras Dimitrijević, A., & Jolić-Marjanović, Z. (2018). The mentalization scale (MentS): A self-report measure for the assessment of mentalizing capacity. Journal of Personality Assessment, 100, 268-280.
  • Drigotas, S. M., & Barta, W. (2001). The cheating heart: Scientific explorations of infidelity. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10(5), 177-180.
  • England-Mason, G., & Gonzalez, A. (2020). Intervening to shape children’s emotion regulation: A review of emotion socialization parenting programs for young children. Emotion, 20(1), 98.
  • Fish, J. N., Pavkov, T. W., Wetchler, J. L., & Bercik, J. (2012). Characteristics of those who participate in infidelity: The role of adult attachment and differentiation in extradyadic experiences. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 40(3), 214-229.
  • Fiske, S. T., & Taylor, S. E. (1991). Social cognition. McGraw-Hill.
  • Fonagy, P., & Target, M. (1997). Attachment and reflective function: Their role in self-organization. Development and Psychopathology, 9(4), 679-700.
  • Fonagy, P., & Target, M. (2002). Early intervention and the development of self-regulation. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 22(3), 307-335.
  • Fonagy, P., Luyten, P., & Bateman, A. (2015). Translation: Mentalizing as treatment target in borderline personality disorder. Personality Disorders, 6, 380-392.
  • Fonagy, P., Luyten, P., Moulton-Perkins, A., Lee, Y. W., Warren, F., Howard, S., Ghinai, R., Fearon, P., & Lowyck, B. (2016). Development and validation of a self-report measure of mentalizing: The Reflective Functioning Questionnaire. PloS One, 11(7), e0158678.
  • Forste, R., & Tanfer, K. (1996). Sexual exclusivity among dating, cohabiting, and married women. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58(1), 33-47.
  • Frisch, S., & Frisch-Desmarez, C. (2010). Some thoughts on the concept of the internal parental couple. The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 91(2), 325-342.
  • Gordon, K. C., & Mitchell, E. A. (2020). Infidelity in the time of COVID-19. Family Process, 59, 956-957.
  • Hajal, N. J., & Paley, B. (2020). Parental emotion and emotion regulation: A critical target of study for research and intervention to promote child emotion socialization. Developmental Psychology, 56(3), 403.
  • Hatamy, A., Fathi, E., Gorji, Z., & Esmaeily, M. (2011). The relationship between parenting styles and attachment styles in men and women with infidelity. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 3743-3747.
  • Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(3), 511-524.
  • Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. (1994). Attachment as an organizational framework for research on close relationships. Psychological Inquiry, 5(1), 1-22.
  • Hill, E. M., Jenkins, J., & Farmer, L. (2008). Family unpredictability, future discounting, and risk-taking. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 37, 1381-1396.
  • Ibanez, A., Huepe, D., Gempp, R., Gutiérrez, V., Rivera-Rei, A., & Toledo, M. I. (2013). Empathy, sex, and fluid intelligence as predictors of theory of mind. Personality and Individual Differences, 54(5), 616-621.
  • Joseph, D. L., & Newman, D. A. (2010). Emotional intelligence: An integrative meta-analysis and cascading model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(1), 54-78.
  • Kakırman-Moroğlu, A. (2022). İlişki dışı ilişki (aldatma) eğiliminin nesne ilişkileri kuramı çerçevesinde incelenmesi: İlişki doyumu ve savunma mekanizmalarının aracılık etkisi (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). İstanbul: İstanbul Arel Üniversitesi SBE.
  • Katkovsky, W., Crandall, V. C., & Good, S. (1967). Parental antecedents of children's beliefs in internal-external control of reinforcements in intellectual achievement situations. Child Development, 38, 765-776.
  • Katz, B. (1981). Separation–individuation and marital therapy. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice, 18(2), 195-201.
  • Kline, R. B. (1998). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. The Guilford Press. Lees, J., & Stimpson, Q. (2002). A psychodynamic approach to suicide: A critical and selective review. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 30(4), 341-352.
  • Lewis, M., & Goldberg, S. (1969). Perceptual-cognitive development in infancy: A generalized expectancy model as a function of the mother-infant interaction. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 15, 81–100.
  • Lopez, F. G., Melendez, M. C., Sauer, E. M., Berger, E., & Wyssmann, J. (1998). Internal working models, self-reported problems, and help-seeking attitudes among college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45(1), 79-84.
  • Maier, S. F., & Seligman, M. E. (1976). Learned helplessness: Theory and evidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 105(1), 3–46.
  • Marty, P. (2019). Zihinselleştirme ve psikosomatik (E. Yavuz Sever, Trans.). Bağlam Yayınları. McWilliams, N. (2010). Psikanalitik tanı: Klinik süreç içinde kişilik yapısını anlamak (E. Kalem, Trans.). İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Möller, C., Falkenström, F., Holmqvist Larsson, M., & Holmqvist, R. (2014). Mentalizing in young offenders. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 31(1), 84-99.
  • Nkire, N., Nwachukwu, I., Shalaby, R., Hrabok, M., Vuong, W., Gusnowski, A., ... & Agyapong, V. I. (2022). COVID-19 pandemic: influence of relationship status on stress, anxiety, and depression in Canada. Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine, 39(4), 351-362.
  • Oktay, F., & Uluç, S. (2019). The Turkish adaptation study of retrospective family unpredictability scale. International Social Sciences Studies Journal, 5(31), 1153-1161.
  • Overmier, J. B., & LoLordo, V. M. (1998). Learned helplessness. In W. T. O'Donohue (Ed.), Learning and behavior therapy (pp. 352–373). Allyn & Bacon.
  • Patterson, G. R., DeBaryshe, B. D., & Ramsey, E. (1989). A developmental perspective on antisocial behavior. American Psychologist, 44, 263-271.
  • Polat, D. (2006). Evli bireylerin evlilik uyumları, aldatma eğilimleri ve çatışma eğilimleri arasındaki ilişkilerin bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi (Unpublished master's thesis). Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Prins, K. S., Buunk, B. P., & VanYperen, N. W. (1993). Equity, normative disapproval, and extramarital relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 10(1), 39-53.
  • Ross, L. T., & Hill, E. M. (2000). The Family Unpredictability Scale: Reliability and validity. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62, 549-562.
  • Ross, L. T., & Hill, E. M. (2002). Childhood unpredictability, schemas for unpredictability, and risk-taking. Social Behavior and Personality, 30(5), 453-474.
  • Ross, L. T., & McDuff, J. A. (2008). The retrospective family unpredictability scale: Reliability and validity. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 17, 13-27.
  • Ross, L. T., & Miller, J. R. (2009). Parental divorce and college students: The impact of family unpredictability and perceptions of divorce. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 50(4), 248-259.
  • Rutherford, H. J., Wareham, J. D., Vrouva, I., & Mayes, L. C. (2012). Sex differences moderate the relationship between adolescent language and mentalization. Personality Disorders, 3(4), 393-405.
  • Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2004). A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Törenli-Kaya, Z., Alpay, E. H., Türkkal-Yenigüç, Ş., & Özçürümez-Bilgili, G. (2021). Zihinselleştirme Ölçeği’ nin Türkçe çevirisinin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi.
  • Treas, J., & Giesen, D. (2000). Sexual infidelity among married and cohabiting Americans. Journal of Marriage and Family, 62(1), 48-60.
  • Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., Rudolph, J., Kerin, J., & Bohadana-Brown, G. (2022). Parent emotional regulation: A meta-analytic review of its association with parenting and child adjustment. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 46(1), 63-82.
Year 2025, Volume: 15 Issue: 77, 242 - 254, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.17066/tpdrd.1455910

Abstract

References

  • Ainsworth, M. D., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment:Assessed in the strange situation and at home. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Atkins, D. C., Baucom, D. H., & Jacobson, N. S. (2001). Understanding infidelity: Correlates in a national random sample. Journal of Family Psychology, 15(4), 735-739.
  • Bateman, A., & Fonagy, P. (2013). Mentalization-based treatment. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 33, 595-613. Bornstein, M. H. (2002). Handbook of parenting, Vol. 5: Practical issues in parenting. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss, Vol. 1: Attachment. Basic Books.
  • Bowlby, J. (1994). The making and breaking of affectional bonds. Routledge.
  • Bumpass, L. L., Sweet, J. A., & Cherlin, A. (1991). The role of cohabitation in declining rates of marriage. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, 913–927.
  • Carlton, B. S., Goebert, D. A., Miyamoto, R. H., Andrade, N. N., Hishinuma, E. S., Makini, G., & Nishimura, S. T. (2006). Resilience, family adversity, and well-being among Hawaiian and non-Hawaiian adolescents. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 52, 291-308.
  • Dimitrijević, A., Hanak, N., Altaras Dimitrijević, A., & Jolić-Marjanović, Z. (2018). The mentalization scale (MentS): A self-report measure for the assessment of mentalizing capacity. Journal of Personality Assessment, 100, 268-280.
  • Drigotas, S. M., & Barta, W. (2001). The cheating heart: Scientific explorations of infidelity. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10(5), 177-180.
  • England-Mason, G., & Gonzalez, A. (2020). Intervening to shape children’s emotion regulation: A review of emotion socialization parenting programs for young children. Emotion, 20(1), 98.
  • Fish, J. N., Pavkov, T. W., Wetchler, J. L., & Bercik, J. (2012). Characteristics of those who participate in infidelity: The role of adult attachment and differentiation in extradyadic experiences. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 40(3), 214-229.
  • Fiske, S. T., & Taylor, S. E. (1991). Social cognition. McGraw-Hill.
  • Fonagy, P., & Target, M. (1997). Attachment and reflective function: Their role in self-organization. Development and Psychopathology, 9(4), 679-700.
  • Fonagy, P., & Target, M. (2002). Early intervention and the development of self-regulation. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 22(3), 307-335.
  • Fonagy, P., Luyten, P., & Bateman, A. (2015). Translation: Mentalizing as treatment target in borderline personality disorder. Personality Disorders, 6, 380-392.
  • Fonagy, P., Luyten, P., Moulton-Perkins, A., Lee, Y. W., Warren, F., Howard, S., Ghinai, R., Fearon, P., & Lowyck, B. (2016). Development and validation of a self-report measure of mentalizing: The Reflective Functioning Questionnaire. PloS One, 11(7), e0158678.
  • Forste, R., & Tanfer, K. (1996). Sexual exclusivity among dating, cohabiting, and married women. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58(1), 33-47.
  • Frisch, S., & Frisch-Desmarez, C. (2010). Some thoughts on the concept of the internal parental couple. The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 91(2), 325-342.
  • Gordon, K. C., & Mitchell, E. A. (2020). Infidelity in the time of COVID-19. Family Process, 59, 956-957.
  • Hajal, N. J., & Paley, B. (2020). Parental emotion and emotion regulation: A critical target of study for research and intervention to promote child emotion socialization. Developmental Psychology, 56(3), 403.
  • Hatamy, A., Fathi, E., Gorji, Z., & Esmaeily, M. (2011). The relationship between parenting styles and attachment styles in men and women with infidelity. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 3743-3747.
  • Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(3), 511-524.
  • Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. (1994). Attachment as an organizational framework for research on close relationships. Psychological Inquiry, 5(1), 1-22.
  • Hill, E. M., Jenkins, J., & Farmer, L. (2008). Family unpredictability, future discounting, and risk-taking. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 37, 1381-1396.
  • Ibanez, A., Huepe, D., Gempp, R., Gutiérrez, V., Rivera-Rei, A., & Toledo, M. I. (2013). Empathy, sex, and fluid intelligence as predictors of theory of mind. Personality and Individual Differences, 54(5), 616-621.
  • Joseph, D. L., & Newman, D. A. (2010). Emotional intelligence: An integrative meta-analysis and cascading model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(1), 54-78.
  • Kakırman-Moroğlu, A. (2022). İlişki dışı ilişki (aldatma) eğiliminin nesne ilişkileri kuramı çerçevesinde incelenmesi: İlişki doyumu ve savunma mekanizmalarının aracılık etkisi (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). İstanbul: İstanbul Arel Üniversitesi SBE.
  • Katkovsky, W., Crandall, V. C., & Good, S. (1967). Parental antecedents of children's beliefs in internal-external control of reinforcements in intellectual achievement situations. Child Development, 38, 765-776.
  • Katz, B. (1981). Separation–individuation and marital therapy. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice, 18(2), 195-201.
  • Kline, R. B. (1998). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. The Guilford Press. Lees, J., & Stimpson, Q. (2002). A psychodynamic approach to suicide: A critical and selective review. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 30(4), 341-352.
  • Lewis, M., & Goldberg, S. (1969). Perceptual-cognitive development in infancy: A generalized expectancy model as a function of the mother-infant interaction. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 15, 81–100.
  • Lopez, F. G., Melendez, M. C., Sauer, E. M., Berger, E., & Wyssmann, J. (1998). Internal working models, self-reported problems, and help-seeking attitudes among college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45(1), 79-84.
  • Maier, S. F., & Seligman, M. E. (1976). Learned helplessness: Theory and evidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 105(1), 3–46.
  • Marty, P. (2019). Zihinselleştirme ve psikosomatik (E. Yavuz Sever, Trans.). Bağlam Yayınları. McWilliams, N. (2010). Psikanalitik tanı: Klinik süreç içinde kişilik yapısını anlamak (E. Kalem, Trans.). İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Möller, C., Falkenström, F., Holmqvist Larsson, M., & Holmqvist, R. (2014). Mentalizing in young offenders. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 31(1), 84-99.
  • Nkire, N., Nwachukwu, I., Shalaby, R., Hrabok, M., Vuong, W., Gusnowski, A., ... & Agyapong, V. I. (2022). COVID-19 pandemic: influence of relationship status on stress, anxiety, and depression in Canada. Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine, 39(4), 351-362.
  • Oktay, F., & Uluç, S. (2019). The Turkish adaptation study of retrospective family unpredictability scale. International Social Sciences Studies Journal, 5(31), 1153-1161.
  • Overmier, J. B., & LoLordo, V. M. (1998). Learned helplessness. In W. T. O'Donohue (Ed.), Learning and behavior therapy (pp. 352–373). Allyn & Bacon.
  • Patterson, G. R., DeBaryshe, B. D., & Ramsey, E. (1989). A developmental perspective on antisocial behavior. American Psychologist, 44, 263-271.
  • Polat, D. (2006). Evli bireylerin evlilik uyumları, aldatma eğilimleri ve çatışma eğilimleri arasındaki ilişkilerin bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi (Unpublished master's thesis). Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Prins, K. S., Buunk, B. P., & VanYperen, N. W. (1993). Equity, normative disapproval, and extramarital relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 10(1), 39-53.
  • Ross, L. T., & Hill, E. M. (2000). The Family Unpredictability Scale: Reliability and validity. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62, 549-562.
  • Ross, L. T., & Hill, E. M. (2002). Childhood unpredictability, schemas for unpredictability, and risk-taking. Social Behavior and Personality, 30(5), 453-474.
  • Ross, L. T., & McDuff, J. A. (2008). The retrospective family unpredictability scale: Reliability and validity. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 17, 13-27.
  • Ross, L. T., & Miller, J. R. (2009). Parental divorce and college students: The impact of family unpredictability and perceptions of divorce. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 50(4), 248-259.
  • Rutherford, H. J., Wareham, J. D., Vrouva, I., & Mayes, L. C. (2012). Sex differences moderate the relationship between adolescent language and mentalization. Personality Disorders, 3(4), 393-405.
  • Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2004). A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Törenli-Kaya, Z., Alpay, E. H., Türkkal-Yenigüç, Ş., & Özçürümez-Bilgili, G. (2021). Zihinselleştirme Ölçeği’ nin Türkçe çevirisinin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi.
  • Treas, J., & Giesen, D. (2000). Sexual infidelity among married and cohabiting Americans. Journal of Marriage and Family, 62(1), 48-60.
  • Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., Rudolph, J., Kerin, J., & Bohadana-Brown, G. (2022). Parent emotional regulation: A meta-analytic review of its association with parenting and child adjustment. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 46(1), 63-82.
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Family Counseling
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Aygül Kakırman Moroğlu 0000-0002-1293-6709

Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date March 20, 2024
Acceptance Date December 28, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 15 Issue: 77

Cite

APA Kakırman Moroğlu, A. (2025). The Mediating Role of Mentalization Capacity in The Relationship Between Family Unpredictability and The Infidelity Tendency. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 15(77), 242-254. https://doi.org/10.17066/tpdrd.1455910

!! From 30 November 2023, English language proofreading will be required for accepted articles to ensure language quality.