ÇELTİKTE (Oryza sativa L.) ERKEN GENERASYONLARDA DANE VERİMİ VE VERİM KOMPONENTLERİ İÇİN SELEKSİYON

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı, çeltikte (Oryza sativa L.) farklı generasyonlardaki açılan materyalde, yüksek ve düşük tane verimi ile verim komponentleri için yapılan seleksiyonda, seleksiyona cevabın belirlenmesidir. Bunun yanında, bu karakterlerin kalıtım dereceleri ve tane verimi ile olan ilişkileri de tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma, 1995 ve 1996 yıllarında Trakya Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsünde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu araştırmada, F3, F4 ve F5 generasyonlarında, ikişer adet açılan populasyon kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, dane ağırlığı ve salkımda dane sayısının erken generasyonlardaki seleksiyonda etkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Her iki yılda, bütün generasyonlarda, tane verimi ile salkımdaki dane sayısı arasında pozitif ve önemli ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir. 1000 dane ağırlığı için yüksek kalıtım dereceleri tahmin edilmiştir. Dar anlamda ve gerçekleştirilmiş kalıtım derecesi değerleri büyüklük bakımından benzerlikler göstermiştir. Dane ağırlığı için yapılan seleksiyon, doğrudan tane verimi için yapılan seleksiyon kadar etkili olmuştur. Onu salkımdaki dane sayısı izlemiştir. Düşük ve yüksek verim komponent değerleri için yapılan seleksiyon sonuçları, tane verimi ile verim komponentleri arasındaki ilişkiler ve kalıtım derecesi değerleri, salkımdaki tane sayısının erken generasyonlarda, bir seleksiyon kriteri olarak kullanılabileceğini gösterdi. Aynı zamanda, arzu edilen dane ağırlığı için erken generasyonlarda seleksiyon yapılabilir.

Keywords

• Çeltik (Oryza sativa L), kalıtım derecesi, korelasyon

SELECTION FOR GRAIN YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS IN EARLY GENERATIONS IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)

Abstract

The aims of this study were to determine the response to selection for high and low grain yield and yield components, to estimate the heritability of these traits, and to compute the correlations of grain yield with yield components in the different segregating generations of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The research was conducted at Thrace Agricultural Research Institute in 1995 and 1996. Two segregating populations for each generation were used in F3, F4, and F5 in this study. The results indicated that selections for grain weight and the number of grains per panicle were effective in early generations. There were positive and significant associations between grain yield and the number of grains per panicle in all populations in both years. High heritabilities estimated for 1000 grain weight. The estimated narrowsense and realized heritabilities were similar in terms of magnitude. The selection for grain weight was effective as much as direct grain yield selection and the number of grains per panicle followed it. The results of selection conducted for low and high values of the yield components, correlations between grain yield and yield components and heritability values revealed that the number of grains per panicle could be used as selection criteria in early generations. Also, selection for desired grain size may be done in early generations.

Keywords

• Correlation, heritability, rice (Oryza sativa L.)

References

1. ADAMS MW. Basis of yield components compensation in crop plants with special reference to the field bean, phoseo- lus vulgaris. Crop Sci. 7:505-510, 1967.
2. BAI NR, DEVIKA R, REGINA A, JOSEPH CA: Correlation of yield and yield components in medium duration rice cultivars. Environment and Ecology 10(2):469-470, 1992.
3. BENBELKACEM A, MEKNI MS, RASMUSSON DC. Breeding for high tiller number and yield in barley. Crop Sci.:24-968-972, 1984.
4. BHATT GM.. Response two-way selection for harvest index in two wheat (Triticum eastivum L.) crosses. Aust. Jour. Agric. Res. 28 :29-36, 1977.
5. DHANRAJ A, JAGADISH CA. Studies on character association in the F2 generation of ten selected crosses in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Research-A FAU 15(1):64-65, 1987..
6. FALCONER DS. Introduction to Quantitave Genetics. The Ronald Press Coç, New York.1960.
7. FEIL B. Breeding progress in small grain cereals. A comparison of old and modern cultivars. Plant Breed. 108:1-11, 1992.
8. FRANKE OH. Analytical yield investigation on New Zealand wheat. II. Five years analytical variety trials. Jour. Ag- ric. Sci. Camb. 25 :466-509, 1935..

9. GRAFIUS JE. Does overdominance exist for yield in corn ? Agron. Jour. 52:361-364, 1960.
10. GRAVAIS KA., MCNEW R.M. Genetic relationships among and selection for rice yield and yield components. Crop Sci. 33:249-252, 1993.
11. İBRAHIM SM, RAMALINGAM A, SUBRAMANIAM M. Path analysis of rice grain yield under rainfed lawland conditions. IRRN 15 (1):pp 11, 1990.
12. KATO T. Heritability for grain size of rice (Oryza sativa L.) estimated from parent-offsring correlation and selection response. Japon Jour. Breed. 40 :313-320, 1990..
13. KATO T. Selection response for the characters related to yield sink capacity of rice. Crop Sci. 37:1472-1475, 1997.
14. KNOTT DR, TALUKDER B. Increasing seed weight in wheat and its effect on yield, yield components, and quality. Crop Sci. 11:280-283, 1971.
15. MCNEAL FH. Yield components in a Lemhi x Thather wheat cross. Agron Jour. 52:348-349, 1960.
16. MEHETRE SS, MAHAJAN CR, PATI, P.A, LAD SK, DHUMAL P.M. Variability, heritability, correlation, path analysis, and genetic divergence studie in upland rice. IRRN 19 (1):8-10, 1994..
17. MOELJOPAWIRO S. Genotype-environment interaction of nine rice promising lines. Indonesian Jour. Crop Sci. 4(1) :1-8, 1989.
18. MORALES A. Analysis of yield and yield components of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars and lines. Cultivas Tropicales 8 (3):79-85, 1986.
19. PRASAD GSV, PRASAD ASR, SASTRY MVS, SRINIVASAN, TE. Genetic relationship among yield components in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Indian Jour. Agri Sci. 58(6) :470-472, 1988.
20. RASMUSSON DC, CANNELL, RO. Selection for garin yield and components of yield in Barley. Crop Sci. 10:51-54, 1970.
21. REUBEN SOWM, KATULI SD. Path analysis of components and selected agronomic traits of upland rice breeding lines. IRRN 14: pp 4, 1989.
22. SHARMA RS, CHOUBEY SD. Correlation studies in upland rice. Indian Jour. Agro. 30 (1): 87-88, 1985.
23. SHARMA RC, SMITH EL. Selectien for high and low harvest index in three winter wheat populations. Crop Sci. 26:1147-1150, 1986.
24. SROSKOPF NC, REINBERGS F. Breeding for yield in spring cereals. Can. Jour. Plant. Sci. 46:513-519, 1966.
25. SÜREK H, KORKUT KZ. Diallel analyasis of some quantitative characters in F1 and F2 generations in rice (Oryza sa- tiva L.). Egyptian Jour. Agric. Res. 76 (2): 651-663, 1998.
26. SÜREK H, KORKUT KZ, BILGIN O. Correlation and path analysis for yield and yield components in rice in a 8- parent diallel set of crosses. Oryza 35 (1):15-18, 1998.
27. STEEL RGD, TORRIE JH. Principies of Procedures of Statistics. Mc Gram-Hill Book Co., New York, 1960.
28. TAKEDA K, SAITO K. Heritability and genetic correlation of kernel weight and white belly frequency in rice. Jpn. Jour. Breed. 33: 468-480, 1983..
29. TALWAR SN. Selection index for grain yield and its contributing characters in parietal collection of rice. Indian Agric. Jour. 20(1):35-37, 1976.
30. VENKATESWASLU B, VERGERA BS, PARAO FT, VISPERAS RM. Enhancing grain yield potentials in rice by in- creasing the number of high density grains. Philipp. Jour. Crop Sci. 11 (3) : 145-152., 1986.
31. WOODWORTH CM. Breeding for yield in crop plants. Jour. Amer. Soc. Agron. 23 :388-395, 1931.