Yemen savaşı ve İran-Suudi Arabistan rekabeti

Year 2024, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 1 - 21, 30.06.2024

Mehmet Bardakci

https://doi.org/10.47934/tife.13.01.01

Abstract

İran ve Suudi Arabistan 1979’daki İran İslam Devrimi’nden beri bölgesel güç mücadelesi içindedir. Bu rekabet Arap ayaklanmalarıyla birlikte artmıştır. Bu çalışma Arap ayaklanmaları sürecinde Yemen’de ortaya çıkan savaşta İran ve Suudi Arabistan arasındaki rekabeti incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın merkezi araştırma sorusu Yemen Savaşı’nda Suudi Arabistan-İran rekabetinin nasıl gerçekleştiğidir. Bunun yanında makale başka araştırma sorularını da cevaplamayı amaçlamaktadır: Yemen, Suudi Arabistan ve İran için ne derecede önemlidir? İran’ın Husiler’le ne tür bir ilişkisi vardır? Suudi Arabistan’ı Yemen’de askeri müdahaleye yönlendiren faktörler nelerdir? Hangi olaylar Suudi Arabistan’ı Yemen’de ateşkes yapmaya itmiştir? Bu sorular ışığında çalışma şu hipotezleri öne sürmektedir: İran ve Suudi Arabistan’ın Yemen krizine müdahil olması güç ve güvenlik temelinde neo-realist teori çerçevesinde açıklanabilir. Bunun yanında makale İran ve Husiler arasındaki ilişkilerin yaygın olarak kabul edildiğinin aksine inanç birlikteliğinden çok pragmatik bir temel dayandığını ileri sürmektedir. Ayrıca çalışma Suudi Arabistan’ın Yemen’e askeri müdahalesinin maliyet-fayda dengesinin git gide fayda aleyhine bozulması sonucunda onu Yemen’de ateşkes ilan etmeye sevk ettiğini savunmaktadır.

Keywords

vekalet savaşı, Yemen, Husiler, İran, Suudi Arabistan

The Yemen conflict and the Saudi-Iranian rivalry

Abstract

Iran and Saudi Arabia have been competing with each other for regional power since the 1979 Iranian Islamic revolution. This rivalry has increased with the Arab revolts. This study investigates how the Saudi-Iranian rivalry played out during the Yemen conflict in the context of the Arab revolts. Other questions considered: How important is Yemen for Iran and Saudi Arabia? What kind of relationship do Iran and the Houthis have? Which factors induced Saudi Arabia to intervene militarily in Yemen, and which events compelled Saudi Arabia to call a ceasefire there? In the light of these questions, the hypotheses advanced are that involvement of Iran and Saudi Arabia in the Yemen crisis can be explained on the basis of power and security in the framework of neo-realist frameworkapproach; contrary to the conventional wisdom, relations between Iran and the Houthis are of a pragmatic nature rather than stemming from a shared belief system; and the fact that the cost-benefit balance of Saudi Arabia’s military intervention in Yemen was progressively disrupted at the expense of benefit led Riyadh to cease fighting in Yemen.

Keywords

Yemen, Houthis, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Proxy War

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