İNSAN SERMAYESI ILE KAYIT DIŞI EKONOMISI ARASINDAKI İLİŞKİ, EKONOMİK ÖZGÜRLÜĞÜN MODERATİF ETKİSİ

Year 2019, Volume: 21 Issue: 1, 295 - 306, 30.06.2019

Elma Satrovic

https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.491233

Cited By: 5

Abstract

Bu yazıda ekonomik özgürlük
varlığında insan sermayesi ile kayıt dışı ekonomisi arasındaki ilişkinin
ampirik analizi yapılmaktadır. 34 ülke örneklemi için 1999-2013 dönemi yıllık
panel verileri toplanmıştır. Doğrusal statik ve dinamik panel veri tahmin edicilerinin
sonuçları, ekonomik özgürlüğün anlamlı olmayan etkisine işaret etmektedir. ARDL
çerçevesi, eğitimin sadece uzun vadede kayıt dışı ekonomisi üzerindeki olumsuz
etkisinin, daha eğitimli işgücünün kayıt dışı ekonomik faaliyetlerden kaçınma
eğilimine işaret ettiğini göstermektedir. Kısa süreli etki anlamlı
bulunmamıştır. İnsan sermayesinin klasik zaman varyantı değişkenleri olduğu
için bu sonuç beklendiktir, yani herhangi bir değişiklik daha uzun bir zaman
süresi gerektirir. Genişletilmiş model, eğitimin uzun vadede önemli bir negatif
etkisine işaret etmektedir. Ekonomik özgürlük hem kısa hem de uzun vadede
anlamlı bulunmamıştır. Ancak, moderatör katsayısının, kısa vadede, ekonomik
özgürlüğün kayıt dışı ekonomik aktiviteyi azaltma niyetinde daha eğitimli
işgücünü desteklediğini gösterecek şekilde anlamlı ve pozitif olduğunu
vurgulamak önemlidir. Dolayısıyla, bir politika uygulaması olarak, kayıt dışı
ekonomisini azaltma eğiliminde olacak insan sermayesi işgücünü arttırmak için
ekonomik özgürlüğe katkıda bulunmak gereklidir.

Keywords

İnsan Sermayesi, Ekonomik özgürlük, Moderatör etkisi, Kayıt dışı ekonomisi

MODERATING EFFECT OF ECONOMIC FREEDOM ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUMAN CAPITAL AND SHADOW ECONOMY

Abstract

The empirical analysis of the relationship between human capital and
shadow economy in the presence of economic freedom is conducted in this paper.
Annual panel data are collected in the period 1999-2013 for the sample of 34
countries. The results of linear static and dynamic panel data estimators
suggest an impact of economic freedom that is not significant. ARDL framework
suggests a significant negative impact of human capital on shadow economy only
in the long-run indicating that more educated workforce tends to avoid informal
economic activities. Short-run
impact is not found to be significant. This result is expected since human
capital is considered to be a classic time-variant covariate, i.e. any change
requires longer time period. The extended model suggests a significant negative
impact of human capital only in the long-run. Economic freedom is not found to
be significant in both, short- and the long-run. However, it is important to
emphasize that the coefficient with moderator is significant and positive in
the short-run indicating that economic freedom supports more educated workforce
in their intention to decrease informal economic activity. Hence, as a policy implication there is a necessity to contribute to
economic freedom in order to increase the human capital of workforce who will
tend to decrease shadow economy.

Keywords

Human capital, Economic freedom, Moderating effect, Shadow economy

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