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SYRIA’S STATE CAPACITY QUESTION AND TURKEY’S POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF REGIONAL STATUS QUO

Year 2021, Volume: 23 Issue: 1, 253 - 277, 10.06.2021

Ozdemir Akbal

https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.754684

Abstract

It is directly proportional to the capacity of a state to act in the study of international politics. In this respect, the capacity of the state also provides an important study in order to evaluate the staus quo. The problems that arise in the internal policies of states with capacity problems become foreign policy problems over time. From this perspective, it is clear that the Syrian problem, which has been going on since 2011, is a state capacity problem. Syria's troubled domestic politics since independence have led to an emerging realization of this situation and has become a propbe areas resulting primarily affecting the environment, including Turkey.

Keywords

State Capacity Syria International Politics

References

  • Abadi, J. (2020). US-Syrian Relations, 1920-1967: The Bitter Harvest of a Flawed Policy, 6 (1), 1-24.
  • Al Jazeera, “Turkey begins ground offensive in northeastern Syria”, 10.10.2019, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/turkey-begins-ground-offensive-northeastern-syria-191009212025006.html. (Erişim: 16.03.2020).
  • Assad quietly aids YPG against Turkey, Al Jazeera, 11.02.2018, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/02/assad-quietly-aids-ypg-turkey-180211100213138.html. (Erişim: 15.03.2020).
  • Barr, J. (2012), A Line in the Sand: The Anglo-French Struggle for the Middle East, 1914-1948, Norton Press: New York.
  • Ben-Tzur, A. (1968). The Neo-Ba’th Party of Syria. Journal of Contemporary History, 3 (3), 161-181.
  • Besley, T. & Persson, T. (2010) State Capacity, Conflict, and Development. Econometrica, 78(1), 1–34.
  • Bethan McKernan, “Dozens of Turkish soldiers killed in strike in Idlib in Syria”, 28.02.2020, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/27/dozens-of-turkish-soldiers-killed-in-strike-in-idlib-in-syria-reports-say. (Erişim: 17.03.2020).
  • Bilgin, P. & Morton, A.D. (2002) Historicising representations of 'failed states': Beyond the cold-war annexation of the social sciences?, Third World Quarterly, 23(1), 55-80.
  • Chatty, D. (2010). The Bedouin in Contemporary Syria: The Persistence of Tribal Authority and Control. The Middle East Journal, 64(1), 29-49.
  • Clawson, P. (1989). Unaffordable Ambitions: Syria’s Military Build-Up and Economic Crisis. The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Policy Papers, No:17, 1-70.
  • Conduit, D. (2016). The Patterns of Syrian Uprising: Comparing Hama in 1980–1982 and Homs in 2011. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 44(1), 73-87.
  • Cox, R. (2004) Beyond empire and terror: critical reflections on the political economy of world order, New Political Economy, 9 (3), 307-323.
  • Cumhurbaşkanı Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, “Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi 26. Dönem 2. Yasama Yılı Açılışında Yaptıkları Konuşma”, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanlığı, 01.10.2016, https://www.tccb.gov.tr/konusmalar/353/52461/turkiye-buyuk-millet-meclisi-26-donem-2-yasama-yili-acilisinda-yaptiklari-konusma.html (Erişim: 14.03.2020).
  • Dawisha, A. I. (1978). Syria under Asad, 1970–78: The Centres of Power. Government and Opposition, 13(03), 341-354.
  • Devlin, J. F. (1991). The Baath Party: Rise and Metamorphosis. The American Historical Review, 96 (5), 1396-1407.
  • Dorff, R. H. (2000) ‘‘Responding to the Failed State: Strategic Triage.’’ In Beyond Declaring Victory and Coming Home, edited by A. J. Joes and M. Manwaring, pp. 225–243. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.
  • Easton, D. (1975). A Re-assessment of the Concept of Political Support. British Journal of Political Science, 5(04), 435-457.
  • Eşref Musa vd. Suriyeli Oligark Rami Mahluf ile Esed Rejimi Arasında İpler Gerildi, 01.05.2020 Anadolu Ajansı, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/suriyeli-oligark-rami-mahluf-ile-esed-rejimi-arasinda-ipler-gerildi-/1825551 (Erişim: 02.05.2020).
  • Fontana, P. (2006). The Concept of Hegemony in Gramsci. M. Haugaard ve H. H. Lentner (Eds.) Hegemony and Power: Consensus and Coercion in Contemporary Politics içinde (23-44. ss.). Lexington Books: Oxford.
  • Fontana, P. (2013). Hegemonya ve İktidar: Gramsci ve Machiavelli Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine. Kalkedon Yayıncılık: İstanbul.
  • Fukuyama, F. (2005). "Stateness" First. Journal of Democracy, 16(1), 84-88.
  • Galvani, J. (1974). Syria and the Baath Party. MERIP Reports, No: 25, 3-16.
  • Hinnebusch R. (2012). Syria: from “authoritarian upgrading” to revolution? International Affairs, 88(1), 95-113.
  • Hinnebusch, R. (1976). Local Politics in Syria: Organization and Mobilization in Four Village Cases. Middle East Journal, 30(1), 1-24.
  • Hinnebusch, R. (1982). Syria Under the Ba'th: State Formation in a Fragmented Society. Arab Studies Quarterly, 4(3), 177-199.
  • Hinnebusch, R. (1995). The Political Economy of Economic Liberalization in Syria. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 27(3), 305-320.
  • Ivan Yakovlev, In pictures: US and Russian military units patrol Kurdish-controlled areas in northern Syria, Al Masdar News, 01.05.2017, http://web.archive.org/web/20171013233406/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/pictures-us-russian-military-units-patrol-kurdish-controlled-areas-northern-syria/, (Erişim: 15.03.2020).
  • Kapani, M. (2014). Politika Bilimine Giriş, Bilgi Yayınevi: İstanbul.
  • Kaylani, N. (1972). The Rise of the Syrian Ba‘th, 1940–1958: Political Success, Party Failure. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 3(1), 3-23.
  • Kelidar, A. R. (1974). Religion and state in Syria. Asian Affairs, 5 (1), 16-22.
  • Kerr, M. H. (1973). Hafiz Asad and the Changing Patterns of Syrian Politics. International Journal: Canada’s Journal of Global Policy Analysis, 28 (4), 689-706.
  • Kratochwil, F. (1986). Of Systems, Boundaries, and Territoriality: An Inquiry into the Formation of the State System. World Politics, 39(1), 27-52.
  • Kuran, T. (1991). Now Out of Never: The Element of Surprise in the East European Revolution of 1989. World Politics, 44 (1), 7-48.
  • Lawson, F. (1997). Private Capital and the State in Contemporary Syria. Middle East Report, No: 203, 8-13.
  • Levent Tok, Mohamed Misto, Omer Koparan, “YPG/PKK terrorists, Syrian regime collaborate on Manbij”, Anadolu Agency, 23.07.2018, https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/ypg-pkk-terrorists-syrian-regime-collaborate-on-manbij/1211595. (Erişim: 15.03.2020).
  • Lin, K., & Carroll, E. (2006). Theoretical Visions versus Policymaking Realities? Searching for the Logical Grounds of Expansion and Retrenchment Arguments in Studies on Nordic Social Policy Models from the 1960s to the 2000s. Comparative Sociology, 5(1), 65–86.
  • Milliken, J., & Krause, K. (2002). State Failure, State Collapse, and State Reconstruction: Concepts, Lessons and Strategies. Development and Change, 33(5), 753-774.
  • Morgenthau, H. J. (1970). Uluslararası Politika C.1, Çev: Baskın Oran, Ünsal Oskay, Türk Siyasi İlimler Derneği Yayınları: Ankara.
  • Moubayed, S. (2012). Syria and the USA: Washington's Relations with Damascus from Wilson to Eisenhower. I.B. Taurus: New York.
  • Moubayed, S. M. (2006). Steel & Silk: Men and Women Who Shaped Syria 1900-2000. Cune Press: Seattle, Washington.
  • Nobel, J. W. (1995). Morgenthau’s struggle with power: the theory of power politics and the Cold War. Review of International Studies, 21(01), 61-85
  • North, D. (1981). Structure and Change in Economic History, W. W. Norton & Company: New York.
  • Olmert, Y. (1996) A false Dilemma? Syria and Lebanon's independence during the mandatory period, Middle Eastern Studies, 32 (3), 41-73.
  • Paul C. Helmreich (1974). From Paris to Sevres: The Partitition of the Ottoman Empire at the Peace Conference of 1919-1920, Ohio State University Press: Colombus, Ohio. Perthes, V. (1992). The Syrian Private Industrial and Commercial Sectors and the State. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 24(2), 207-230.
  • Population doubles in Syria’s al-Bab a year after liberation from Daesh, Daily Sabah, 21.02.2018, https://www.dailysabah.com/syrian-crisis/2018/02/21/population-doubles-in-syrias-al-bab-a-year-after-liberation-from-daesh, (Erişim: 14.02.2020).
  • Radpey, L. (2016). Kurdish Regional Self-rule Administration in Syria: A new Model of Statehood and its Status in International Law Compared to the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) in Iraq. Japanese Journal of Political Science, 17(3), 468-488.
  • Sanjian, A. (1956). The Sanjak of Alexandretta (Hatay): Its Impact on Turkish-Syrian Relations (1939-1956). Middle East Journal, 10(4), 379-394.
  • Seale, P. (1989). Asad: The Struggle for the Middle East. University of California Press: Berkeley, California.
  • Sena Guler, “Turkish president says anti-terror operation to resettle around 3 million Syrians to their home”, Anadolu Agency, 15.10.2019, https://www.aa.com.tr/en/operation-peace-spring/op-peace-spring-clears-1-000-sq-km-of-terrorists-so-far/1614421. (Erişim: 17.03.2020).
  • Thomas, M. (2000) Divisive decolonization:The Anglo‐French withdrawal from Syria and Lebanon, 1944–46, The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 28 (3), 71-93.
  • Tom Perry, Orhan Coskun, “U.S.-led coalition helps to build new Syrian force, angering Turkey”, Reuters, 14.01.2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-sdf/u-s-led-coalition-helps-to-build-new-syrian-force-angering-turkey-idUSKBN1F30OA. (Erişim: 15.03.2020).
  • Tom Perry, Rodi Said, “Russia takes part in talks between Syria and Kurdish-led SDF”, Reuters, 13.10.2019, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-security-turkey-kurds-damascus/russia-takes-part-in-talks-between-syria-and-kurdish-led-sdf-idUSKBN1WS0MY, (Erişim: 16.03.2020).
  • Tuvan Gumrukcu, Suleiman al Khalidi, “Turkish forces strike back after five soldiers killed in Syria”, Reuters, 10.02.2020, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-security-turkey/turkish-forces-strike-back-after-five-soldiers-killed-in-syria-idUSKBN2041FJ. (Erişim: 17.03.2020).
  • Waltz, K. (2000). Structural Realism After the Cold War. International Security, 25 (1), 5-41.
  • Waltz, K. N. (1979). Theory of International Politics. Addison Wesley Publishing Company: Reading, Masscahusetts.
  • Weber M. (1987). Sosyoloji Yazıları, çev: Taha Parla, Hürriyet Vakfı Yayınları: İstanbul.
  • Yavuz, R . (2017). Effects of the Decisions of San Remo Conference on Syria and Iraq. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi , 32 (2) , 565-600.

SURİYE’NİN DEVLET KAPASİTESİ SORUNU VE BÖLGESEL STATUS QUO BAĞLAMINDA TÜRKİYE’NİN POLİTİKASI

Year 2021, Volume: 23 Issue: 1, 253 - 277, 10.06.2021

Ozdemir Akbal

https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.754684

Abstract

Bir devletin uluslararası politika alanında eyleyebilmesi kapasitesi ile doğru orantılıdır. Bu açıdan devletin kapasitesi aynı zamanda staus qounun değerlendirilebilmesi için de önemli bir inceleme alanı sunmaktadır. Kapasite sorunu olan devletlerin iç politikalarında ortaya çıkan sorunlar zaman içinde dış politika sorunu haline gelmektedir. Bu perspektiften 2011 yılından beri devam edegelen Suriye sorununun bir devlet kapasitesi problemi olduğu açıktır. Suriye'nin bağımsızlığından itibaren ortaya çıkan sorunlu iç politikası bu durumun gerçekleşmesine yol açmış ve sonuçta başta Türkiye olmak üzere çevresini etkileyen bir problem alanı haline dönüşmüştür.

Keywords

Siyaset Bilimi Uluslararası İlişkiler Uluslararası Politika Teorileri

References

  • Abadi, J. (2020). US-Syrian Relations, 1920-1967: The Bitter Harvest of a Flawed Policy, 6 (1), 1-24.
  • Al Jazeera, “Turkey begins ground offensive in northeastern Syria”, 10.10.2019, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/turkey-begins-ground-offensive-northeastern-syria-191009212025006.html. (Erişim: 16.03.2020).
  • Assad quietly aids YPG against Turkey, Al Jazeera, 11.02.2018, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/02/assad-quietly-aids-ypg-turkey-180211100213138.html. (Erişim: 15.03.2020).
  • Barr, J. (2012), A Line in the Sand: The Anglo-French Struggle for the Middle East, 1914-1948, Norton Press: New York.
  • Ben-Tzur, A. (1968). The Neo-Ba’th Party of Syria. Journal of Contemporary History, 3 (3), 161-181.
  • Besley, T. & Persson, T. (2010) State Capacity, Conflict, and Development. Econometrica, 78(1), 1–34.
  • Bethan McKernan, “Dozens of Turkish soldiers killed in strike in Idlib in Syria”, 28.02.2020, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/27/dozens-of-turkish-soldiers-killed-in-strike-in-idlib-in-syria-reports-say. (Erişim: 17.03.2020).
  • Bilgin, P. & Morton, A.D. (2002) Historicising representations of 'failed states': Beyond the cold-war annexation of the social sciences?, Third World Quarterly, 23(1), 55-80.
  • Chatty, D. (2010). The Bedouin in Contemporary Syria: The Persistence of Tribal Authority and Control. The Middle East Journal, 64(1), 29-49.
  • Clawson, P. (1989). Unaffordable Ambitions: Syria’s Military Build-Up and Economic Crisis. The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Policy Papers, No:17, 1-70.
  • Conduit, D. (2016). The Patterns of Syrian Uprising: Comparing Hama in 1980–1982 and Homs in 2011. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 44(1), 73-87.
  • Cox, R. (2004) Beyond empire and terror: critical reflections on the political economy of world order, New Political Economy, 9 (3), 307-323.
  • Cumhurbaşkanı Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, “Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi 26. Dönem 2. Yasama Yılı Açılışında Yaptıkları Konuşma”, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanlığı, 01.10.2016, https://www.tccb.gov.tr/konusmalar/353/52461/turkiye-buyuk-millet-meclisi-26-donem-2-yasama-yili-acilisinda-yaptiklari-konusma.html (Erişim: 14.03.2020).
  • Dawisha, A. I. (1978). Syria under Asad, 1970–78: The Centres of Power. Government and Opposition, 13(03), 341-354.
  • Devlin, J. F. (1991). The Baath Party: Rise and Metamorphosis. The American Historical Review, 96 (5), 1396-1407.
  • Dorff, R. H. (2000) ‘‘Responding to the Failed State: Strategic Triage.’’ In Beyond Declaring Victory and Coming Home, edited by A. J. Joes and M. Manwaring, pp. 225–243. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.
  • Easton, D. (1975). A Re-assessment of the Concept of Political Support. British Journal of Political Science, 5(04), 435-457.
  • Eşref Musa vd. Suriyeli Oligark Rami Mahluf ile Esed Rejimi Arasında İpler Gerildi, 01.05.2020 Anadolu Ajansı, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/suriyeli-oligark-rami-mahluf-ile-esed-rejimi-arasinda-ipler-gerildi-/1825551 (Erişim: 02.05.2020).
  • Fontana, P. (2006). The Concept of Hegemony in Gramsci. M. Haugaard ve H. H. Lentner (Eds.) Hegemony and Power: Consensus and Coercion in Contemporary Politics içinde (23-44. ss.). Lexington Books: Oxford.
  • Fontana, P. (2013). Hegemonya ve İktidar: Gramsci ve Machiavelli Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine. Kalkedon Yayıncılık: İstanbul.
  • Fukuyama, F. (2005). "Stateness" First. Journal of Democracy, 16(1), 84-88.
  • Galvani, J. (1974). Syria and the Baath Party. MERIP Reports, No: 25, 3-16.
  • Hinnebusch R. (2012). Syria: from “authoritarian upgrading” to revolution? International Affairs, 88(1), 95-113.
  • Hinnebusch, R. (1976). Local Politics in Syria: Organization and Mobilization in Four Village Cases. Middle East Journal, 30(1), 1-24.
  • Hinnebusch, R. (1982). Syria Under the Ba'th: State Formation in a Fragmented Society. Arab Studies Quarterly, 4(3), 177-199.
  • Hinnebusch, R. (1995). The Political Economy of Economic Liberalization in Syria. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 27(3), 305-320.
  • Ivan Yakovlev, In pictures: US and Russian military units patrol Kurdish-controlled areas in northern Syria, Al Masdar News, 01.05.2017, http://web.archive.org/web/20171013233406/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/pictures-us-russian-military-units-patrol-kurdish-controlled-areas-northern-syria/, (Erişim: 15.03.2020).
  • Kapani, M. (2014). Politika Bilimine Giriş, Bilgi Yayınevi: İstanbul.
  • Kaylani, N. (1972). The Rise of the Syrian Ba‘th, 1940–1958: Political Success, Party Failure. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 3(1), 3-23.
  • Kelidar, A. R. (1974). Religion and state in Syria. Asian Affairs, 5 (1), 16-22.
  • Kerr, M. H. (1973). Hafiz Asad and the Changing Patterns of Syrian Politics. International Journal: Canada’s Journal of Global Policy Analysis, 28 (4), 689-706.
  • Kratochwil, F. (1986). Of Systems, Boundaries, and Territoriality: An Inquiry into the Formation of the State System. World Politics, 39(1), 27-52.
  • Kuran, T. (1991). Now Out of Never: The Element of Surprise in the East European Revolution of 1989. World Politics, 44 (1), 7-48.
  • Lawson, F. (1997). Private Capital and the State in Contemporary Syria. Middle East Report, No: 203, 8-13.
  • Levent Tok, Mohamed Misto, Omer Koparan, “YPG/PKK terrorists, Syrian regime collaborate on Manbij”, Anadolu Agency, 23.07.2018, https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/ypg-pkk-terrorists-syrian-regime-collaborate-on-manbij/1211595. (Erişim: 15.03.2020).
  • Lin, K., & Carroll, E. (2006). Theoretical Visions versus Policymaking Realities? Searching for the Logical Grounds of Expansion and Retrenchment Arguments in Studies on Nordic Social Policy Models from the 1960s to the 2000s. Comparative Sociology, 5(1), 65–86.
  • Milliken, J., & Krause, K. (2002). State Failure, State Collapse, and State Reconstruction: Concepts, Lessons and Strategies. Development and Change, 33(5), 753-774.
  • Morgenthau, H. J. (1970). Uluslararası Politika C.1, Çev: Baskın Oran, Ünsal Oskay, Türk Siyasi İlimler Derneği Yayınları: Ankara.
  • Moubayed, S. (2012). Syria and the USA: Washington's Relations with Damascus from Wilson to Eisenhower. I.B. Taurus: New York.
  • Moubayed, S. M. (2006). Steel & Silk: Men and Women Who Shaped Syria 1900-2000. Cune Press: Seattle, Washington.
  • Nobel, J. W. (1995). Morgenthau’s struggle with power: the theory of power politics and the Cold War. Review of International Studies, 21(01), 61-85
  • North, D. (1981). Structure and Change in Economic History, W. W. Norton & Company: New York.
  • Olmert, Y. (1996) A false Dilemma? Syria and Lebanon's independence during the mandatory period, Middle Eastern Studies, 32 (3), 41-73.
  • Paul C. Helmreich (1974). From Paris to Sevres: The Partitition of the Ottoman Empire at the Peace Conference of 1919-1920, Ohio State University Press: Colombus, Ohio. Perthes, V. (1992). The Syrian Private Industrial and Commercial Sectors and the State. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 24(2), 207-230.
  • Population doubles in Syria’s al-Bab a year after liberation from Daesh, Daily Sabah, 21.02.2018, https://www.dailysabah.com/syrian-crisis/2018/02/21/population-doubles-in-syrias-al-bab-a-year-after-liberation-from-daesh, (Erişim: 14.02.2020).
  • Radpey, L. (2016). Kurdish Regional Self-rule Administration in Syria: A new Model of Statehood and its Status in International Law Compared to the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) in Iraq. Japanese Journal of Political Science, 17(3), 468-488.
  • Sanjian, A. (1956). The Sanjak of Alexandretta (Hatay): Its Impact on Turkish-Syrian Relations (1939-1956). Middle East Journal, 10(4), 379-394.
  • Seale, P. (1989). Asad: The Struggle for the Middle East. University of California Press: Berkeley, California.
  • Sena Guler, “Turkish president says anti-terror operation to resettle around 3 million Syrians to their home”, Anadolu Agency, 15.10.2019, https://www.aa.com.tr/en/operation-peace-spring/op-peace-spring-clears-1-000-sq-km-of-terrorists-so-far/1614421. (Erişim: 17.03.2020).
  • Thomas, M. (2000) Divisive decolonization:The Anglo‐French withdrawal from Syria and Lebanon, 1944–46, The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 28 (3), 71-93.
  • Tom Perry, Orhan Coskun, “U.S.-led coalition helps to build new Syrian force, angering Turkey”, Reuters, 14.01.2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-sdf/u-s-led-coalition-helps-to-build-new-syrian-force-angering-turkey-idUSKBN1F30OA. (Erişim: 15.03.2020).
  • Tom Perry, Rodi Said, “Russia takes part in talks between Syria and Kurdish-led SDF”, Reuters, 13.10.2019, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-security-turkey-kurds-damascus/russia-takes-part-in-talks-between-syria-and-kurdish-led-sdf-idUSKBN1WS0MY, (Erişim: 16.03.2020).
  • Tuvan Gumrukcu, Suleiman al Khalidi, “Turkish forces strike back after five soldiers killed in Syria”, Reuters, 10.02.2020, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-security-turkey/turkish-forces-strike-back-after-five-soldiers-killed-in-syria-idUSKBN2041FJ. (Erişim: 17.03.2020).
  • Waltz, K. (2000). Structural Realism After the Cold War. International Security, 25 (1), 5-41.
  • Waltz, K. N. (1979). Theory of International Politics. Addison Wesley Publishing Company: Reading, Masscahusetts.
  • Weber M. (1987). Sosyoloji Yazıları, çev: Taha Parla, Hürriyet Vakfı Yayınları: İstanbul.
  • Yavuz, R . (2017). Effects of the Decisions of San Remo Conference on Syria and Iraq. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi , 32 (2) , 565-600.
There are 57 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ozdemir Akbal 0000-0001-7030-7946

Publication Date June 10, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 23 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Akbal, O. (2021). SURİYE’NİN DEVLET KAPASİTESİ SORUNU VE BÖLGESEL STATUS QUO BAĞLAMINDA TÜRKİYE’NİN POLİTİKASI. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 23(1), 253-277. https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.754684
AMA Akbal O. SURİYE’NİN DEVLET KAPASİTESİ SORUNU VE BÖLGESEL STATUS QUO BAĞLAMINDA TÜRKİYE’NİN POLİTİKASI. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. June 2021;23(1):253-277. doi:10.26468/trakyasobed.754684
Chicago Akbal, Ozdemir. “SURİYE’NİN DEVLET KAPASİTESİ SORUNU VE BÖLGESEL STATUS QUO BAĞLAMINDA TÜRKİYE’NİN POLİTİKASI”. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 23, no. 1 (June 2021): 253-77. https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.754684.
EndNote Akbal O (June 1, 2021) SURİYE’NİN DEVLET KAPASİTESİ SORUNU VE BÖLGESEL STATUS QUO BAĞLAMINDA TÜRKİYE’NİN POLİTİKASI. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 23 1 253–277.
IEEE O. Akbal, “SURİYE’NİN DEVLET KAPASİTESİ SORUNU VE BÖLGESEL STATUS QUO BAĞLAMINDA TÜRKİYE’NİN POLİTİKASI”, Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 253–277, 2021, doi: 10.26468/trakyasobed.754684.
ISNAD Akbal, Ozdemir. “SURİYE’NİN DEVLET KAPASİTESİ SORUNU VE BÖLGESEL STATUS QUO BAĞLAMINDA TÜRKİYE’NİN POLİTİKASI”. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 23/1 (June 2021), 253-277. https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.754684.
JAMA Akbal O. SURİYE’NİN DEVLET KAPASİTESİ SORUNU VE BÖLGESEL STATUS QUO BAĞLAMINDA TÜRKİYE’NİN POLİTİKASI. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2021;23:253–277.
MLA Akbal, Ozdemir. “SURİYE’NİN DEVLET KAPASİTESİ SORUNU VE BÖLGESEL STATUS QUO BAĞLAMINDA TÜRKİYE’NİN POLİTİKASI”. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 23, no. 1, 2021, pp. 253-77, doi:10.26468/trakyasobed.754684.
Vancouver Akbal O. SURİYE’NİN DEVLET KAPASİTESİ SORUNU VE BÖLGESEL STATUS QUO BAĞLAMINDA TÜRKİYE’NİN POLİTİKASI. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2021;23(1):253-77.
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