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SÖZEL ZEKÂYI YORDAYAN BİLİŞSEL BECERİLERİN İNCELENMESİ

Year 2023, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 519 - 533, 26.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.24315/tred.1061427

Abstract

Bu çalışmada sözel zekâyı sözel bellek, sözel muhakeme ve kelime bilgisi değişkenlerinden en çok yordayan değişkeni belirlemek hedeflenmiştir. Çalışmanın katılımcılarını ÜYEP Merkezi’nde zekâ testi uygulanan 315 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcıların sözel zekâ puanlarının elde edilmesinde Anadolu Sak Zekâ Ölçeği (ASİS) kullanılmıştır. ASİS’in Sözel Analojik Muhakeme (SAM), Sözel Kısa Süreli Bellek (SKB) ve Sözcükler-Anlamlar (SAN) alt testlerinden sözel zekâ puanı elde edilmektedir. SAM alt testi kristalize zekânın bir göstergesi iken soyut düşünme ve problem çözme becerilerini ölçmektedir. SKB alt testi, sözel kısa süreli bellek becerisini ölçmektedir. SAN alt testi ise kristalize zekâ, semantik bilgi, dil gelişimi, sözcük dağarcığı, sözcük akıcılığı ve anlama becerilerini test etmektedir. Yapılan regresyon analizinin sonucunda; SAM, SKB ve SAN alt testlerinde yer alan değişkenler dikkate alındığında, sözel zekâyı en çok yordayan değişkenin SAM alt testinde yer alan beceriler olduğu görülmektedir. Diğer bir ifadeyle sözel analojik muhakeme becerisinin sözel zekâya en çok katkı sağladığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Sonuç olarak sözel analojik muhakeme becerisini oluşturan soyut düşünebilme ve problem çözme becerileri genel zekâya katkı sağlayan sözel zekânın en önemli yordayıcıları olarak bulunmuştur. Dolayısıyla çocukların sözel zekâlarını geliştirmek için eğitim faaliyetlerinin planlanmasında bu iki becerinin gelişimi ön planda tutulmalıdır.

References

  • Akbulut, Y. (2010). Sosyal bilimlerde SPSS uygulamaları. İstanbul: Pasifik Ofset.
  • Alfonso, V. C., Flanagan, D. P., & Radwan, S. (2005). The Impact of the Cattell-Horn Carroll theory on test development and interpretation of cognitive and academic abilities. In D. P. Flanagan & P. L. Harrison (Eds)., Contemporary intellectual assessment (pp. 183-203). New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Baddeley, A. D. (2012). Working memory: theories, models and controversies. Annual Review of Psychology, 63, 1–29.
  • Baddeley, A. D., Eysenck. M. W., & Anderson, M. C. (2015). Memory. New York: Psychology Press.
  • Bandini, H. H. M., Santos, F. H., & Souza, D. D. G. D. (2013). Levels of phonological awareness, working memory, and lexical knowledge in elementary school children. Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto), 23, 329-338.
  • Bjorklund, D. F., Dukes, C., & Brown, R. D. (2009). The development of memory strategies. In M. L. Courage & N. Cowan (Eds.), Studies in developmental psychology: The development of memory in infancy and childhood (pp. 145-175). New York: Psychology Press.
  • Carroll, J. B. (2005). Three-Stratum theory of cognitive abilities. In R. J. Sternberg & J. E. Davidson (Eds.), Conception of giftedness (pp. 69-102). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Chi, M. T. (1978). Knowledge structures and memory development. In R. Siegler (Ed.), Children's thinking: What develops? (pp. 73-96). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Cırık, M., Sak, U., & Öpengin, E. (2020). Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu olan çocukların Anadolu-Sak Zekâ Ölçeği profillerinin incelenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi, 21(4), 663-685.
  • Conway, A. R. A., Kane, M., & Engle, R. W. (2003). Working memory capacity and its relation to general intelligence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7(12), 547-552.
  • Corrigan, R. (1979). Cognitive correlates of language: Differential criteria yield differential results. Child Development, 50, 617‐631.
  • Daneman, M., & Merikle, P. M. (1996). Working memory and language comprehension: A meta-analysis. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 3(4), 422-433.
  • Das, J. P., Kirby, J. R., & Jarman, R. F. (1979). Simultaneous and successive cognitive processes. Academic Press.
  • Deak, G. O. (2014). Interrelations of language and cognitive development. In P. Brooks & V. Kampe, (Eds.), Encyclopedia of language development (pp. 284-291). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Dülger, E. (2018). Anadolu-Sak Zekâ Ölçeği'nin (ASIS) ölçüt geçerliği çalışması (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Ekiz, D. (2013). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (3. baskı.). Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Elder, A. K. (1991). A comparison of the WISC-R and SOI-LA in the identification of intellectually gifted Hispanic and White children (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). California School of Professional Psychology.
  • Flanagan, D. P., & Alfonso, V. C. (2017). Essentials of WISC-V assessment. John Wiley & Sons: New Jersey. Gentner, D. (1983). Structure mapping: A theoretical framework for analogy. Cognitive Science, 7, 155-170.
  • Gupta, M., Pasrija, P., & Kavita (2015). Effect of problem-solving ability on academic achievement of high school students: A comparative study. Bhartiyam International Journal of Education & Research, 4(2), 45-59.
  • Gupta, P. (2003). Examining the relationship between word learning, nonword repetition, and immediate serial recall in adults. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 56, 1213-1236.
  • Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri felsefe-yöntem-analiz. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Horn, J. L., & Blankson, A. N. (2012). Foundations for better understanding of cognitive abilities. In D. P. Flanagan & P. L. Harrison (Eds.), Contemporary intellectual assessment: theories, tests and issues (pp. 73‐98). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural equation modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55.
  • Huck, S. W. (2012). Reading statistics and research (6th ed.). Boston: Pearson.
  • Kanmani, M., & Nagarathinam, N. (2017). Problem solving ability and academic achievement of higher secondary students. International Journal of Advanced Research, 5(11), 871-876.
  • Karasar, N. (2011). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Kaufman, A. S., Lichtenberger, E. O., Fletcher-Janzen, E., & Kaufman, N. L. (2005). Essentials of KABC-II assessment. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Kompi, M., & Grobbelaar, L. (2015). Examining the relationship between abstract thinking ability and academic performance in object-oriented programming: E psychometric and theoretical analysis of student capacity. Interdisciplinary Journal, 14(2), 164-175.
  • Luria, A. R. (1970). The functional organization of the brain. Scientific American, 222(3), 66‐78.
  • Martin, N., & Gupta, P. (2004). Exploring the relationship between word processing and verbal short-term memory: Evidence from associations and dissociations. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 21(2-4), 213-228.
  • Mayer, R. E. (1992). Thinking, problem solving, cognition (2nd ed.). New York: Freeman.
  • McGrew, S. K. (2009). CHC theory and the human cognitive abilities project: Standing on the shoulders of the giants of psychometric intelligence research. Intelligence, 37, 1-10.
  • Naglieri, J. A., & Otero, T. M. (2012). The cognitive assessment system: From theory to practice. In D. P. Flanagan & P. L. Harrison (Eds.), Contemporary intellectual assessment: Theories, tests and issues (pp. 376‐399). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Neisser, U., Boodoo, G., Bouchard, T. J. J., Boykin, A. W., Brody, N., Ceci, S. J., Halpern, D. F., Loehlin, J. C., Perloff, R., Sternberg, R. J., & Urbina, S. (1996). Intelligence: Knowns and unknowns. American Psychologist, 51, 77–101.
  • Pallant, J. (2005). SPSS survival manual (12th ed.). Australia: Allen & Unwin.
  • Rabinowitz, M. (2017). The interaction between knowledge, strategies, metacognition, and motivation. In B. Ross (Ed.), Psychology of learning and motivation (pp. 35-52). New York: Academic Press.
  • Reynolds, C. R., Kamphaus, R. W., & Raines, T. C. (2012). The Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales and Reynolds Intellectual Screening Test. In D. P. Flanagan & P. L. Harrison (Eds.), Contemporary intellectual assessment: Theories, tests and issues (pp. 400‐421). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Rindermann, H., Flores-Mendoza, & Mansur-Alves, M. (2010). Reciprocal effects between fluid and crystallized intelligence and their dependence on parents' socioeconomic status and education. Learning and Individual Differences, 20, 544-548.
  • Rohde, T. E., & Thompson, L. A. (2007). Predicting academic achievement with cognitive ability. Intelligence, 35(1), 83-92.
  • Roid, G. H., & Pomplun, M. (2012). The Stanford‐Binet Intelligence Scales, fifth edition. In D. P. Flanagan & P. L. Harrison (Eds.), Contemporary intellectual assessment: Theories, tests and issues (pp. 249‐268). New York: Guilford Press. Rothstein, R., Wilder, T., & Jacobsen, R. (2007). Balance in the balance. Educational Leadership, 52(8), 8–14.
  • Sak, U., Bal-Sezerel, B., Ayas, M. B., Özdemir, N. N., Demirel, Ş., & Öpengin, E. (2016). Anadolu Sak Zekâ Ölçeği uygulayıcı kitabı. Eskişehir: Alf Kırtasiye Basım.
  • Sak, U., Bal-Sezerel, B., Dulger, E., Sozel, K., & Ayas, M. B. (2019). Validity of the Anadolu-Sak Intelligence Scale in the identification of gifted students. Psychological Test and Assessment Modeling, 61(3), 263-283.
  • Schneider, W. J., & McGrew, K. S. (2012). The Cattell‐Horn‐Carroll model of intelligence. In D. P. Flanagan & P. L. Harrison (Eds.), Contemporary intellectual assessment: Theories, tests and issues (pp. 99‐144). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Seçer, İ. (2015). Psikolojik test geliştirme ve uyarlama süreci: SPSS ve Lisrel uygulamaları. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık. Silverman, L. K. (2009). The measurement of giftedness. In L. V. Shavinina (Ed.), International handbook of giftedness (pp. 947-970). Canada: Springer.
  • Smith, P. K., Wigboldus, D. H. J. W., & Dijksterhuis, A. (2008). Abstract thinking increases one’s sense of power. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44(2), 378-385.
  • Sözel, H. K., Öpengin, E., Sak, U., & Karabacak, F. (2018). The discriminant validity of the Anadolu-Sak Intelligence Scale (ASIS) for gifted and other special education groups. Turkish Journal of Giftedness and Education, 8(2), 160-180.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Inc. Tamul, Ö. F., (2017). Anadolu-Sak Zekâ Ölçeği'nin (ASİS) sosyal geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Tamul, Ö. F., Bal-Sezerel, B., Sak, U., & Karabacak, F. (2020). Anadolu-Sak Zekâ Ölçeği’nin (ASIS) sosyal geçerlik çalışması. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 49, 393-412.
  • Tannenbaum, A. J. (1983). Gifted children: Psychological and educational perspectives. New York: Macmillan.
  • Türk Dil Kurumu (TDK). (2021). Analoji. https://sozluk.gov.tr/
  • Veerasamy, A. K., D’Souza, D., Linden, R., & Laakso, M. (2018). Relationship between perceived problem-solving skills and academic performance of novice learners in introductory programming courses. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 35(2), 246-255.
  • Walters, J., & Gardner, H. (1986). The theory of multiple intelligences: Some issues and answers. In R. Sternberg & R. Wagner (Eds.), Practical intelligence: Origins of competence in the everyday world (pp. 163-182). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Woolley, K. E., Huang, T., & Rabinowitz, M. (2019). The effects of knowledge, strategies, and the interaction between the two in verbal analogy problem solving. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 56, 91-105.
  • Yi, B., & Luo, S. (2013). Working memory and lexical knowledge in L2 argumentative writing. Asian Journal of English Language Teaching, 23(1), 83-102.
  • Youngstorm, E. A., Glutting, J. J., & Watkins, M. W. (2003). Stanford-Binet intelligence scale: Fourth edition (SB4): Evaluating the empirical bases for interpretations In C. R. Reynolds & R. W. Kamphaus (Eds.), Handbook of psychological and educational assessment: Intelligence, aptitude, and achievement (2nd ed.) (pp. 217-242). New York: Guilford Press.
Year 2023, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 519 - 533, 26.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.24315/tred.1061427

Abstract

References

  • Akbulut, Y. (2010). Sosyal bilimlerde SPSS uygulamaları. İstanbul: Pasifik Ofset.
  • Alfonso, V. C., Flanagan, D. P., & Radwan, S. (2005). The Impact of the Cattell-Horn Carroll theory on test development and interpretation of cognitive and academic abilities. In D. P. Flanagan & P. L. Harrison (Eds)., Contemporary intellectual assessment (pp. 183-203). New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Baddeley, A. D. (2012). Working memory: theories, models and controversies. Annual Review of Psychology, 63, 1–29.
  • Baddeley, A. D., Eysenck. M. W., & Anderson, M. C. (2015). Memory. New York: Psychology Press.
  • Bandini, H. H. M., Santos, F. H., & Souza, D. D. G. D. (2013). Levels of phonological awareness, working memory, and lexical knowledge in elementary school children. Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto), 23, 329-338.
  • Bjorklund, D. F., Dukes, C., & Brown, R. D. (2009). The development of memory strategies. In M. L. Courage & N. Cowan (Eds.), Studies in developmental psychology: The development of memory in infancy and childhood (pp. 145-175). New York: Psychology Press.
  • Carroll, J. B. (2005). Three-Stratum theory of cognitive abilities. In R. J. Sternberg & J. E. Davidson (Eds.), Conception of giftedness (pp. 69-102). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Chi, M. T. (1978). Knowledge structures and memory development. In R. Siegler (Ed.), Children's thinking: What develops? (pp. 73-96). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Cırık, M., Sak, U., & Öpengin, E. (2020). Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu olan çocukların Anadolu-Sak Zekâ Ölçeği profillerinin incelenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi, 21(4), 663-685.
  • Conway, A. R. A., Kane, M., & Engle, R. W. (2003). Working memory capacity and its relation to general intelligence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7(12), 547-552.
  • Corrigan, R. (1979). Cognitive correlates of language: Differential criteria yield differential results. Child Development, 50, 617‐631.
  • Daneman, M., & Merikle, P. M. (1996). Working memory and language comprehension: A meta-analysis. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 3(4), 422-433.
  • Das, J. P., Kirby, J. R., & Jarman, R. F. (1979). Simultaneous and successive cognitive processes. Academic Press.
  • Deak, G. O. (2014). Interrelations of language and cognitive development. In P. Brooks & V. Kampe, (Eds.), Encyclopedia of language development (pp. 284-291). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Dülger, E. (2018). Anadolu-Sak Zekâ Ölçeği'nin (ASIS) ölçüt geçerliği çalışması (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Ekiz, D. (2013). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (3. baskı.). Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Elder, A. K. (1991). A comparison of the WISC-R and SOI-LA in the identification of intellectually gifted Hispanic and White children (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). California School of Professional Psychology.
  • Flanagan, D. P., & Alfonso, V. C. (2017). Essentials of WISC-V assessment. John Wiley & Sons: New Jersey. Gentner, D. (1983). Structure mapping: A theoretical framework for analogy. Cognitive Science, 7, 155-170.
  • Gupta, M., Pasrija, P., & Kavita (2015). Effect of problem-solving ability on academic achievement of high school students: A comparative study. Bhartiyam International Journal of Education & Research, 4(2), 45-59.
  • Gupta, P. (2003). Examining the relationship between word learning, nonword repetition, and immediate serial recall in adults. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 56, 1213-1236.
  • Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri felsefe-yöntem-analiz. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Horn, J. L., & Blankson, A. N. (2012). Foundations for better understanding of cognitive abilities. In D. P. Flanagan & P. L. Harrison (Eds.), Contemporary intellectual assessment: theories, tests and issues (pp. 73‐98). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural equation modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55.
  • Huck, S. W. (2012). Reading statistics and research (6th ed.). Boston: Pearson.
  • Kanmani, M., & Nagarathinam, N. (2017). Problem solving ability and academic achievement of higher secondary students. International Journal of Advanced Research, 5(11), 871-876.
  • Karasar, N. (2011). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Kaufman, A. S., Lichtenberger, E. O., Fletcher-Janzen, E., & Kaufman, N. L. (2005). Essentials of KABC-II assessment. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Kompi, M., & Grobbelaar, L. (2015). Examining the relationship between abstract thinking ability and academic performance in object-oriented programming: E psychometric and theoretical analysis of student capacity. Interdisciplinary Journal, 14(2), 164-175.
  • Luria, A. R. (1970). The functional organization of the brain. Scientific American, 222(3), 66‐78.
  • Martin, N., & Gupta, P. (2004). Exploring the relationship between word processing and verbal short-term memory: Evidence from associations and dissociations. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 21(2-4), 213-228.
  • Mayer, R. E. (1992). Thinking, problem solving, cognition (2nd ed.). New York: Freeman.
  • McGrew, S. K. (2009). CHC theory and the human cognitive abilities project: Standing on the shoulders of the giants of psychometric intelligence research. Intelligence, 37, 1-10.
  • Naglieri, J. A., & Otero, T. M. (2012). The cognitive assessment system: From theory to practice. In D. P. Flanagan & P. L. Harrison (Eds.), Contemporary intellectual assessment: Theories, tests and issues (pp. 376‐399). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Neisser, U., Boodoo, G., Bouchard, T. J. J., Boykin, A. W., Brody, N., Ceci, S. J., Halpern, D. F., Loehlin, J. C., Perloff, R., Sternberg, R. J., & Urbina, S. (1996). Intelligence: Knowns and unknowns. American Psychologist, 51, 77–101.
  • Pallant, J. (2005). SPSS survival manual (12th ed.). Australia: Allen & Unwin.
  • Rabinowitz, M. (2017). The interaction between knowledge, strategies, metacognition, and motivation. In B. Ross (Ed.), Psychology of learning and motivation (pp. 35-52). New York: Academic Press.
  • Reynolds, C. R., Kamphaus, R. W., & Raines, T. C. (2012). The Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales and Reynolds Intellectual Screening Test. In D. P. Flanagan & P. L. Harrison (Eds.), Contemporary intellectual assessment: Theories, tests and issues (pp. 400‐421). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Rindermann, H., Flores-Mendoza, & Mansur-Alves, M. (2010). Reciprocal effects between fluid and crystallized intelligence and their dependence on parents' socioeconomic status and education. Learning and Individual Differences, 20, 544-548.
  • Rohde, T. E., & Thompson, L. A. (2007). Predicting academic achievement with cognitive ability. Intelligence, 35(1), 83-92.
  • Roid, G. H., & Pomplun, M. (2012). The Stanford‐Binet Intelligence Scales, fifth edition. In D. P. Flanagan & P. L. Harrison (Eds.), Contemporary intellectual assessment: Theories, tests and issues (pp. 249‐268). New York: Guilford Press. Rothstein, R., Wilder, T., & Jacobsen, R. (2007). Balance in the balance. Educational Leadership, 52(8), 8–14.
  • Sak, U., Bal-Sezerel, B., Ayas, M. B., Özdemir, N. N., Demirel, Ş., & Öpengin, E. (2016). Anadolu Sak Zekâ Ölçeği uygulayıcı kitabı. Eskişehir: Alf Kırtasiye Basım.
  • Sak, U., Bal-Sezerel, B., Dulger, E., Sozel, K., & Ayas, M. B. (2019). Validity of the Anadolu-Sak Intelligence Scale in the identification of gifted students. Psychological Test and Assessment Modeling, 61(3), 263-283.
  • Schneider, W. J., & McGrew, K. S. (2012). The Cattell‐Horn‐Carroll model of intelligence. In D. P. Flanagan & P. L. Harrison (Eds.), Contemporary intellectual assessment: Theories, tests and issues (pp. 99‐144). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Seçer, İ. (2015). Psikolojik test geliştirme ve uyarlama süreci: SPSS ve Lisrel uygulamaları. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık. Silverman, L. K. (2009). The measurement of giftedness. In L. V. Shavinina (Ed.), International handbook of giftedness (pp. 947-970). Canada: Springer.
  • Smith, P. K., Wigboldus, D. H. J. W., & Dijksterhuis, A. (2008). Abstract thinking increases one’s sense of power. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44(2), 378-385.
  • Sözel, H. K., Öpengin, E., Sak, U., & Karabacak, F. (2018). The discriminant validity of the Anadolu-Sak Intelligence Scale (ASIS) for gifted and other special education groups. Turkish Journal of Giftedness and Education, 8(2), 160-180.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Inc. Tamul, Ö. F., (2017). Anadolu-Sak Zekâ Ölçeği'nin (ASİS) sosyal geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Tamul, Ö. F., Bal-Sezerel, B., Sak, U., & Karabacak, F. (2020). Anadolu-Sak Zekâ Ölçeği’nin (ASIS) sosyal geçerlik çalışması. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 49, 393-412.
  • Tannenbaum, A. J. (1983). Gifted children: Psychological and educational perspectives. New York: Macmillan.
  • Türk Dil Kurumu (TDK). (2021). Analoji. https://sozluk.gov.tr/
  • Veerasamy, A. K., D’Souza, D., Linden, R., & Laakso, M. (2018). Relationship between perceived problem-solving skills and academic performance of novice learners in introductory programming courses. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 35(2), 246-255.
  • Walters, J., & Gardner, H. (1986). The theory of multiple intelligences: Some issues and answers. In R. Sternberg & R. Wagner (Eds.), Practical intelligence: Origins of competence in the everyday world (pp. 163-182). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Woolley, K. E., Huang, T., & Rabinowitz, M. (2019). The effects of knowledge, strategies, and the interaction between the two in verbal analogy problem solving. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 56, 91-105.
  • Yi, B., & Luo, S. (2013). Working memory and lexical knowledge in L2 argumentative writing. Asian Journal of English Language Teaching, 23(1), 83-102.
  • Youngstorm, E. A., Glutting, J. J., & Watkins, M. W. (2003). Stanford-Binet intelligence scale: Fourth edition (SB4): Evaluating the empirical bases for interpretations In C. R. Reynolds & R. W. Kamphaus (Eds.), Handbook of psychological and educational assessment: Intelligence, aptitude, and achievement (2nd ed.) (pp. 217-242). New York: Guilford Press.
There are 55 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Bilge Bal Sezerel 0000-0001-7262-3563

N. Nazlı Ateşgöz 0000-0001-5944-937X

Early Pub Date January 26, 2023
Publication Date January 26, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 13 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Bal Sezerel, B., & Ateşgöz, N. N. (2023). SÖZEL ZEKÂYI YORDAYAN BİLİŞSEL BECERİLERİN İNCELENMESİ. Trakya Eğitim Dergisi, 13(1), 519-533. https://doi.org/10.24315/tred.1061427