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Türkiye’de sporun obezite üzerindeki etkisi: Switching regresyon modeli uygulaması

Year 2022, Volume: 36 Issue: 3, 268 - 276, 15.07.2022

Seda Şengül Salih Çam

Abstract

Bu çalışmada spor yapmanın Türkiye’deki yetişkin bireylerin obez olma durumları üzerindeki etkileri, Switching Regresyon modeli yardımı ile incelenmiştir. Bir karar eşitliği ve iki rejimden oluşan Switching Regresyon modelinde düzenli spor yapan bireyler rejim 1’de, düzenli spor yapmayan bireyler ise rejim 2’de yer almaktadır. Karar denkleminde, eğitim, cinsiyet, hane halkı gelir düzeyi, yaş ve medeni durum gibi ekonomik ve sosyo-demografik değişkenlerin bireylerin spor yapma olasılıkları üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Bu değişkenlerin, spor yapan ve spor yapmayan bireylerin Beden Kitle Endeksi (BKE) üzerindeki etkileri ise rejim denklemleri yardımı ile belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın verileri Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu tarafından 2014 ve 2016 yıllarında yapılan Türkiye Sağlık Araştırması Anketlerinden sağlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak; spor yapan bireylerin beden kitle endeksi, bireylerin yaşı, eğitim düzeyi ve gelir düzeyinden etkilenmektedir. Diyabet hastası olan bireylerin diyabet hastası olmayan bireylere, depresyonda olan bireylerin depresyonda olmayan bireylere göre beden kitle endeksi hem spor yapan, hem de spor yapmayan bireyler eşitliğinde daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Ancak, bu değişkenlerin katsayıları spor yapmayan bireyler eşitliğinde daha yüksektir.

Keywords

Beden kitle endeksi obezite spor switching regresyon modeli Türkiye

References

  • Abdulai, A., Huffman, W. (2014). The Adoption and Impact of Soil and Water Conservation Technology: An Endogenous Switching Regression Application. Land Economics, 90(1), 26-43.
  • Ataey, A., Jafarvand, E., Adham, D., Moradi-Asl, E. (2020). The Relationship Between Obesity, Overweight, and the Human Development Index in World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region Countries. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 53(2), 98.
  • Bagrıaçık, N., Onat, H., Ilhan, B., Tarakcı, T., Oşar, Z., Ozyazar, M., Yıldız, G. (2009). Obesity Profile in Turkey. International Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism, 17(1), 5-8.
  • Beyaz, F. B,. Koç, A. (2011). Antalya'da Obezite Yaygınlığı ve Düzeyini Etkileyen Sosyo-Ekonomik Değişkenler. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, 21(17-45).
  • Brunello, G., Fabbri, D. Fort M. (2013). The Causal Effect of Education on Body Mass: Evidence from Europe. Journal of Labor Economics, 31(1): 195-223.
  • Chou,S-Y., Grossman, M., Saffer H., (2004). An Economic Analysis of Adult Obesity: Results from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Journal of Health Economics 23:3, 565-587.
  • Coimbra, C. E., Tavares, F. G., Ferreira, A. A., Welch, J. R., Horta, B. L., Cardoso, A. M., Santos, R. V. (2021). Socioeconomic Determinants of Excess Weight and Obesity Among Indigenous Women: Findings from the First National Survey of Indigenous People’s Health and Nutrition in Brazil. Public Health Nutrition, 24(7), 1941-1951.
  • Demir, O., Demir, N. Bilgiç, A. (2019). Determinants of Obesity in Turkey: Appetite or Disease? Journal of Public Health, 27(2), 151-161.
  • Deutsch, M., Granger, C. W., Teräsvirta, T. (1994). The Combination of Forecasts Using Changing Weights. International Journal of Forecasting, 10(1), 47-57
  • Egemen, İ. (2019). Türkiye’de Obezitenin Sosyoekonomik Belirleyicileri. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, (25), 57-70.
  • Erem, C. (2015). Prevalence of Overweight And Obesity in Turkey. The International Journal of Cardiology, Metabolic and Endocrine, (8), 38-41.
  • Erem, C., Arslan, C., Hacıhasanoglu, A., Deger, O., Topbaş, M., Ukinc, K. Telatar, M. (2004). Prevalence of Obesity and Associated Risk Factors in a Turkish Population (Trabzon city, Turkey). Obesity Research, 12(7), 1117-1127.
  • Gil, J. M., Takourabt, S. (2017). Socio‐Economics, Food Habits and the Prevalence of Childhood Obesity in Spain. Childcare, Health and Development, 43(2), 250-258.
  • Grigorakis, D. A., Georgoulis, M., Psarra, G., Tambalis, K. D., Panagiotakos, D. B., Sidossis, L. S. (2016). Prevalence and Lifestyle Determinants of Central Obesity in Children. European Journal of Nutrition, 55(5), 1923-1931.
  • Gupta, N., Goel, K., Shah, P., Mısra, A. (2012). Childhood Obesity in Developing Countries: Epidemiology, Determinants, and Prevention. Endocrine Reviews, 33(1), 48-70.
  • Hekim, M. (2015). Çocukluk Çağı Obezitesinin Önlenmesinde Fiziksel Aktivite ve Sporun Önemi. Journal of International Social Research, 8(37).
  • İşeri, A. ve Arslan, N. (2008). Obesity in Adults in Turkey: Age and Regional Effects. The European Journal of Public Health,19(1), 91-94.
  • Kain, J., Vio, F., Albala, C. (2003). Obesity Trends and Determinant Factors in Latin America. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, (19), 77-S86.
  • Kolahi, A. A., Moghisi, A., ve Ekhtiari, Y. S. (2018). Socio-Demographic Determinants of Obesity Indexes in Iran: Findings from a Nationwide STEPS Survey. Health promotion perspectives, 8(3), 187.
  • Kolodinsky JM Goldstein A.B. (2011). Time Use and Food Pattern Influences on Obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011 December 19(12): pp., 2327-2335. doi: 10.1038/oby.2011.130.
  • Komlos, J., Smith, P. Bogin, B., (2004). Obesity and the Rate of Time Preference: İs There a Connection? Journal of Biosocial Sciences, (36), 209–219.
  • Lakdawalla, D. Philipson, T. (2007). Labor Supply and Weight. Journal of Human Resources, 42(1), 85-116.
  • Lokshin, M., Sajaia, Z. (2004). Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Endogenous Switching Regression Models. The Stata Journal, 4(3), 282-289.
  • Loureiro, M.L. Yen, St. Nayga, RM. (2012). The Effects of Nutritional Labels on Obesity. Agricultural Economics, 43(3), 333-342.
  • Maddala, G. S. (1986). Disequilibrium, Self-Selection, and Switching Models. Handbook of Econometrics, (3), 1633-1688.
  • Maddala, G. S., Nelson, F. (1975). Switching Regression Models with Exogenous and Endogenous Regimes. Proceedindgs of the American Statistical Association, (5), 423-425.
  • Najafi, F., Soltani, S., Matin, B. K., Karyani, A. K., Rezaei, S., Soofi, M., Hosseini, S. A. (2020). Socioeconomic-Related Inequalities in Overweight and Obesity: Findings from the PERSIAN Cohort Study. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1-13.
  • Pavela, G., Harman, T., Cardel, M. I., Lee, A. (2020). Obesity and Socioeconomic Status. Handbook of Eating and Drinking: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 805-822.
  • Philipson, T. J. Posner, R. A. (1999). The Long-Run Growth in Obesity as a Function of Technological Change (No. w7423). National Bureau Of Economic Research. (Available at: https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w7423/w7423.pdf )
  • Puciato, D., Rozpara, M. (2020). Demographic and Socioeconomic Determinants of Body Mass Index in People of Working Age. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(21), 8168.
  • Samur, G., Yıldız, E. (2008). Obezite ve Kardiyovasküler Hastalıklar/Hipertansiyon. Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayın. (Erişim Linki: http://www.baglarbasi.gov.tr/media/kitap/hs/obezite/d_06_obezitevekardiyovaskulerhastaliklar.pdf )
  • Sipahi, B. B. (2020). Effect of Socioeconomic Factors and Income Inequality to Obesity in Female in Turkey. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 19(2), 350-366.
  • Sipahi, B. B. (2021). Türkiye’de Obezite Üzerine Sosyoekonomik Faktörlerin Etkisi Ve Gelir Eşitsizliği. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 76(2), 547-573.
  • Stewart, S. T., Cutler, D. M. Rosen, A. B. (2009). Forecasting the Effects of Obesity and Smoking on US Life Expectancy. New England Journal of Medicine, 361 (23), 2252-2260.
  • Şengül S. Çam S. (2021).”Uygulamalarla Mikroekonometri”, Bölüm 10, Switching Regresyon Modeli ve Stata Uygulaması. Nobel Yayıncılık, Şubat 2021(1), ss. 253-268.
  • Tansel, A. Karaoğlan, D. (2014). Health Behaviors and Education in Turkey, Bonn, Germany: Institute for the Study of Labor (Iza) Discussion Paper No.8262. (Available at: SSRN 2457105)
  • Tansel, A. Karaoğlan, D. (2017). Determinants of Obesity in Turkey: A Quantile Regression Analysis from a Developing Country. (Iza) Discussion Paper No. 10491. (Available at: SSRN 2900125)
  • Tansel, A. Karaoğlan, D. (2019a). Determinants of Health Behaviors and Obesity in Turkey. Sosyoekonomi, 27(41), 11-40.
  • Tansel, A., Karaoğlan, D. (2019b). The Effect of Education on Health Behaviors and Obesity in Turkey: Instrumental Variable Estimates from a Developing Country. The European Journal of Development Research, 31(5), 1416-1448.
  • Türkiye Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Derneği, (2019). Obezite Tanı ve Tedavi Kılavuzu.(https://file.temd.org.tr/Uploads/publications/guides/documents/20190506163904-2019tbl_kilavuz5ccdcb9e5d.pdf?a=1)
  • Villar, J. G., Quintana-Domeque, C. (2009). Income and Body Mass Index in Europe. Economics and Human Biology, 7(1), 73-83.
  • Webbink, D., Martin, N. G. Visscher, P. M. (2010). Does Education Reduce the Probability of Being Overweight? Journal of Health Economics, 29(1), 29-38.
  • WHO, (2019), Avaible at: https://www.who.int/health-topics/obesity#tab=tab_1 (Access date: 20/03/2020)
  • Yen, St, Chen, Z. Eastwood, Db. (2009). Lifestyles, Demographics, Dietary Behavior and Obesity: A Switching Regression Analysis. Health Services Research, 44(4), 1345-1369.
  • Yıldırım, M., Akyol, A. Ersoy, G. (2008). Şişmanlık (Obezite) ve Fiziksel Aktivite: Enerji Dengesinin Aktivite Yönüne Bir Bakış. 1. Baskı, Ankara. Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayını, 729. (Erişim Linki: http://sbu.saglik.gov.tr/Ekutuphane/kitaplar/t44.pdf )
  • Yumuk, V. D. (2005). Prevalence of Obesity in Turkey. Obesity Reviews, 6(1), 9-10.
  • Zileli, R., Şemşek, Ö., Özkamçı, H., Diker, G. (2016). Bilecik İlinde Yaşayan Kadınlarda Spora Katılım, Obezite Prevalansı ve Risk Faktörleri. Marmara Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 1(1), 83-96.

The impact of sport on obesity in Turkey: An application of a switching regression model

Year 2022, Volume: 36 Issue: 3, 268 - 276, 15.07.2022

Seda Şengül Salih Çam

Abstract

Keywords

Body mass index obesity sport switching regression model Turkey

References

  • Abdulai, A., Huffman, W. (2014). The Adoption and Impact of Soil and Water Conservation Technology: An Endogenous Switching Regression Application. Land Economics, 90(1), 26-43.
  • Ataey, A., Jafarvand, E., Adham, D., Moradi-Asl, E. (2020). The Relationship Between Obesity, Overweight, and the Human Development Index in World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region Countries. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 53(2), 98.
  • Bagrıaçık, N., Onat, H., Ilhan, B., Tarakcı, T., Oşar, Z., Ozyazar, M., Yıldız, G. (2009). Obesity Profile in Turkey. International Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism, 17(1), 5-8.
  • Beyaz, F. B,. Koç, A. (2011). Antalya'da Obezite Yaygınlığı ve Düzeyini Etkileyen Sosyo-Ekonomik Değişkenler. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, 21(17-45).
  • Brunello, G., Fabbri, D. Fort M. (2013). The Causal Effect of Education on Body Mass: Evidence from Europe. Journal of Labor Economics, 31(1): 195-223.
  • Chou,S-Y., Grossman, M., Saffer H., (2004). An Economic Analysis of Adult Obesity: Results from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Journal of Health Economics 23:3, 565-587.
  • Coimbra, C. E., Tavares, F. G., Ferreira, A. A., Welch, J. R., Horta, B. L., Cardoso, A. M., Santos, R. V. (2021). Socioeconomic Determinants of Excess Weight and Obesity Among Indigenous Women: Findings from the First National Survey of Indigenous People’s Health and Nutrition in Brazil. Public Health Nutrition, 24(7), 1941-1951.
  • Demir, O., Demir, N. Bilgiç, A. (2019). Determinants of Obesity in Turkey: Appetite or Disease? Journal of Public Health, 27(2), 151-161.
  • Deutsch, M., Granger, C. W., Teräsvirta, T. (1994). The Combination of Forecasts Using Changing Weights. International Journal of Forecasting, 10(1), 47-57
  • Egemen, İ. (2019). Türkiye’de Obezitenin Sosyoekonomik Belirleyicileri. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, (25), 57-70.
  • Erem, C. (2015). Prevalence of Overweight And Obesity in Turkey. The International Journal of Cardiology, Metabolic and Endocrine, (8), 38-41.
  • Erem, C., Arslan, C., Hacıhasanoglu, A., Deger, O., Topbaş, M., Ukinc, K. Telatar, M. (2004). Prevalence of Obesity and Associated Risk Factors in a Turkish Population (Trabzon city, Turkey). Obesity Research, 12(7), 1117-1127.
  • Gil, J. M., Takourabt, S. (2017). Socio‐Economics, Food Habits and the Prevalence of Childhood Obesity in Spain. Childcare, Health and Development, 43(2), 250-258.
  • Grigorakis, D. A., Georgoulis, M., Psarra, G., Tambalis, K. D., Panagiotakos, D. B., Sidossis, L. S. (2016). Prevalence and Lifestyle Determinants of Central Obesity in Children. European Journal of Nutrition, 55(5), 1923-1931.
  • Gupta, N., Goel, K., Shah, P., Mısra, A. (2012). Childhood Obesity in Developing Countries: Epidemiology, Determinants, and Prevention. Endocrine Reviews, 33(1), 48-70.
  • Hekim, M. (2015). Çocukluk Çağı Obezitesinin Önlenmesinde Fiziksel Aktivite ve Sporun Önemi. Journal of International Social Research, 8(37).
  • İşeri, A. ve Arslan, N. (2008). Obesity in Adults in Turkey: Age and Regional Effects. The European Journal of Public Health,19(1), 91-94.
  • Kain, J., Vio, F., Albala, C. (2003). Obesity Trends and Determinant Factors in Latin America. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, (19), 77-S86.
  • Kolahi, A. A., Moghisi, A., ve Ekhtiari, Y. S. (2018). Socio-Demographic Determinants of Obesity Indexes in Iran: Findings from a Nationwide STEPS Survey. Health promotion perspectives, 8(3), 187.
  • Kolodinsky JM Goldstein A.B. (2011). Time Use and Food Pattern Influences on Obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011 December 19(12): pp., 2327-2335. doi: 10.1038/oby.2011.130.
  • Komlos, J., Smith, P. Bogin, B., (2004). Obesity and the Rate of Time Preference: İs There a Connection? Journal of Biosocial Sciences, (36), 209–219.
  • Lakdawalla, D. Philipson, T. (2007). Labor Supply and Weight. Journal of Human Resources, 42(1), 85-116.
  • Lokshin, M., Sajaia, Z. (2004). Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Endogenous Switching Regression Models. The Stata Journal, 4(3), 282-289.
  • Loureiro, M.L. Yen, St. Nayga, RM. (2012). The Effects of Nutritional Labels on Obesity. Agricultural Economics, 43(3), 333-342.
  • Maddala, G. S. (1986). Disequilibrium, Self-Selection, and Switching Models. Handbook of Econometrics, (3), 1633-1688.
  • Maddala, G. S., Nelson, F. (1975). Switching Regression Models with Exogenous and Endogenous Regimes. Proceedindgs of the American Statistical Association, (5), 423-425.
  • Najafi, F., Soltani, S., Matin, B. K., Karyani, A. K., Rezaei, S., Soofi, M., Hosseini, S. A. (2020). Socioeconomic-Related Inequalities in Overweight and Obesity: Findings from the PERSIAN Cohort Study. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1-13.
  • Pavela, G., Harman, T., Cardel, M. I., Lee, A. (2020). Obesity and Socioeconomic Status. Handbook of Eating and Drinking: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 805-822.
  • Philipson, T. J. Posner, R. A. (1999). The Long-Run Growth in Obesity as a Function of Technological Change (No. w7423). National Bureau Of Economic Research. (Available at: https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w7423/w7423.pdf )
  • Puciato, D., Rozpara, M. (2020). Demographic and Socioeconomic Determinants of Body Mass Index in People of Working Age. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(21), 8168.
  • Samur, G., Yıldız, E. (2008). Obezite ve Kardiyovasküler Hastalıklar/Hipertansiyon. Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayın. (Erişim Linki: http://www.baglarbasi.gov.tr/media/kitap/hs/obezite/d_06_obezitevekardiyovaskulerhastaliklar.pdf )
  • Sipahi, B. B. (2020). Effect of Socioeconomic Factors and Income Inequality to Obesity in Female in Turkey. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 19(2), 350-366.
  • Sipahi, B. B. (2021). Türkiye’de Obezite Üzerine Sosyoekonomik Faktörlerin Etkisi Ve Gelir Eşitsizliği. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 76(2), 547-573.
  • Stewart, S. T., Cutler, D. M. Rosen, A. B. (2009). Forecasting the Effects of Obesity and Smoking on US Life Expectancy. New England Journal of Medicine, 361 (23), 2252-2260.
  • Şengül S. Çam S. (2021).”Uygulamalarla Mikroekonometri”, Bölüm 10, Switching Regresyon Modeli ve Stata Uygulaması. Nobel Yayıncılık, Şubat 2021(1), ss. 253-268.
  • Tansel, A. Karaoğlan, D. (2014). Health Behaviors and Education in Turkey, Bonn, Germany: Institute for the Study of Labor (Iza) Discussion Paper No.8262. (Available at: SSRN 2457105)
  • Tansel, A. Karaoğlan, D. (2017). Determinants of Obesity in Turkey: A Quantile Regression Analysis from a Developing Country. (Iza) Discussion Paper No. 10491. (Available at: SSRN 2900125)
  • Tansel, A. Karaoğlan, D. (2019a). Determinants of Health Behaviors and Obesity in Turkey. Sosyoekonomi, 27(41), 11-40.
  • Tansel, A., Karaoğlan, D. (2019b). The Effect of Education on Health Behaviors and Obesity in Turkey: Instrumental Variable Estimates from a Developing Country. The European Journal of Development Research, 31(5), 1416-1448.
  • Türkiye Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Derneği, (2019). Obezite Tanı ve Tedavi Kılavuzu.(https://file.temd.org.tr/Uploads/publications/guides/documents/20190506163904-2019tbl_kilavuz5ccdcb9e5d.pdf?a=1)
  • Villar, J. G., Quintana-Domeque, C. (2009). Income and Body Mass Index in Europe. Economics and Human Biology, 7(1), 73-83.
  • Webbink, D., Martin, N. G. Visscher, P. M. (2010). Does Education Reduce the Probability of Being Overweight? Journal of Health Economics, 29(1), 29-38.
  • WHO, (2019), Avaible at: https://www.who.int/health-topics/obesity#tab=tab_1 (Access date: 20/03/2020)
  • Yen, St, Chen, Z. Eastwood, Db. (2009). Lifestyles, Demographics, Dietary Behavior and Obesity: A Switching Regression Analysis. Health Services Research, 44(4), 1345-1369.
  • Yıldırım, M., Akyol, A. Ersoy, G. (2008). Şişmanlık (Obezite) ve Fiziksel Aktivite: Enerji Dengesinin Aktivite Yönüne Bir Bakış. 1. Baskı, Ankara. Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayını, 729. (Erişim Linki: http://sbu.saglik.gov.tr/Ekutuphane/kitaplar/t44.pdf )
  • Yumuk, V. D. (2005). Prevalence of Obesity in Turkey. Obesity Reviews, 6(1), 9-10.
  • Zileli, R., Şemşek, Ö., Özkamçı, H., Diker, G. (2016). Bilecik İlinde Yaşayan Kadınlarda Spora Katılım, Obezite Prevalansı ve Risk Faktörleri. Marmara Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 1(1), 83-96.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Seda Şengül This is me 0000-0002-5648-3270

Salih Çam This is me 0000-0002-3521-5728

Publication Date July 15, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 36 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Şengül, S., & Çam, S. (2022). Türkiye’de sporun obezite üzerindeki etkisi: Switching regresyon modeli uygulaması. Trends in Business and Economics, 36(3), 268-276.
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