Küreselleşmenin Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi Hipotezi Üzerindeki Rolü: Pakistan Örneği

Year 2023, Volume: 37 Issue: 3, 177 - 185, 15.07.2023

Hatice İmamoğlu Dilber Çağlar Onbaşıoğlu

Abstract

Küreselleşme, ekonomileri ve toplulukları etkileyen, dünya çapında finansal ve kültürel entegra- syonu sağlayan önemli bir küresel olgudur. Malların, hizmetlerin, teknolojilerin ve sermayenin hareketinin yanı sıra, küreselleşmenin arka planında, tek bir ekosistem olarak gezegen, çevresel bozulmayı önlemek ve biyoçeşitlilik, ozon tabakası veya iklim değişikliği gibi küresel sorunları çözmek için bir unsur olarak hareket ediyor. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 1975–2015 yılları arasında Pakistan için Çevresel Kuznet Eğrisi (EKC) hipotezini uygulayarak küreselleşmenin çevre kalitesi üzerindeki rolünü incelemektir. Değişkenler ve Otomatik Regresif Dağıtılmış Gecikme (ARDL) metodolojisi ve hata düzeltme modeli kullanılarak, küreselleşme ile çevresel kalite arasındaki kısa ve uzun vadeli ilişki incelenmiştir. Ampirik bulgular, karbondioksit emisyonları ile GSYİH, enerji ve küreselleşme gibi bağımsız değişkenlerin uzun vadeli bir ilişkiye sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Pakistan örneğinde, bu araştırmanın bulguları, etki tepkisi fonksiyonu tarafından da desteklenen EKC hipotezi tarafından doğrulanmıştır. Ayrıca, Granger nedenselliği, Pakistan'da GSYİH, enerji kullanımı, küreselleşme ve karbondioksiti kapsayan uzun vadeli tek yönlü bir nedensellik olduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

EKC, enerji tüketimi, çevresel kalite, küreselleşme, Pakistan

The Role of Globalization on the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: The Case of Pakistan

Abstract

Globalization is a major global phenomena that is influencing economies and communities, ensuring financial and cultural integration around the world, as well as movement of goods, ser- vices, technologies, and capital. On the background of the globalization, the planet as a single ecosystem acts as an element to prevent the environmental degradation and handle the global problem, such as biodiversity, the ozone layer, or climate change. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of globalization on environmental quality by applying the Environmental Kuznet Curve hypothesis for Pakistan over the period 1975–2015. Bound test has been carried out to examine the long-run relationship between series of selected variables, and using the auto regressive distributed lag methodology and error correction model was investigated in examin- ing the short-run and long-run relationship between globalization and environmental quality. The empirical findings reveal that carbon dioxide emissions and independent variables such as GDP, energy, and the globalization have a long-term relationship. In the instance of Pakistan, the find- ings of this investigation were confirmed by the Environmental Kuznet Curve hypothesis, which is also supported by the impulse response function. Furthermore, Granger causality demonstrates that there is a long-term one-way causality in Pakistan spanning GDP, energy use, globalization, and carbon dioxide emission.

Keywords

EKC, energy consumption, environmental quality, globalization, Pakistan

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