Lojistik 4.0: Ülkelerin Dijitalleşme ve İnovasyon Düzeylerinin Lojistik Performans Üzerindeki Etkisinin Makine Öğrenmesi ile Analizi

Year 2025, Volume: 39 Issue: 4, 572 - 584

Bünyamin Çelebi , Burcu Yengil Bülbül , Maide Betül Aksoy , Mehmet Fatih Sert

https://doi.org/10.16951/trendbusecon.1649103

Abstract

Küreselleşme ve e-ticaretin yaygınlaşması, lojistik süreçlerin stratejik önemini artırmış ve Endüstri 4.0 teknolojilerinin lojistik sektörüne entegrasyonuyla Lojistik 4.0 kavramı ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu durum, firmaların ve ülkelerin rekabet üstünlüğü sağlamak adına lojistik altyapılarını güçlendirmelerini gerektirmektedir. Bu kapsamda dijitalleşme ve inovasyonun lojistik performans üzerindeki etkisinin tam anlamıyla belirlenmesi, izlenecek politikalar açısından kritik öneme sahiptir ve söz konusu durum çalışmanın çıkış noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmada bir makine öğrenmesi yöntemi olan rastgele orman tekniği kullanılarak ülkelerin dijitalleşme ve inovasyon seviyelerinin lojistik performans üzerindeki etkisinin belirlenmesi ve Lojistik Performans Endeksi’ni (LPI) etkileyen değişkenlerin önem derecesine göre sıralanması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre, modelde dijitalleşme ve inovasyonun göstergesi olarak ele alınan araştırma-geliştirme harcamaları, patent sayısı, küresel inovasyon düzeyi, yüksek teknoloji ihracatı, internet kullanım oranı ve e-devlet geliştirme hizmetleri, LPI’deki değişimin büyük bir kısmını açıklamaktadır. Bununla birlikte Ar-Ge faktörü, en önemli değişken olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ar-Ge faaliyetleri, inovasyonu ve teknolojik ilerlemeyi teşvik ederek bir ülkenin lojistik performansını doğrudan etkileyebilir. Bu doğrultuda, Ar-Ge’ye yapılan yatırımlar, lojistik altyapının güçlendirilmesine, süreçlerin iyileştirilmesine ve teknolojilerin daha verimli hale getirilmesine katkılar sağlamaktadır.

Keywords

Dijitalleşme , İnovasyon , Lojistik 4.0 , LPI , Makine Öğrenmesi

Logistics 4.0: Analysis of the Impact of Countries' Digitalization and Innovation Levels on Logistics Performance with Machine Learning

Abstract

The widespread adoption of globalization and e-commerce has increased the strategic importance of logistics processes, leading to the emergence of the concept of Logistics 4.0 through the integration of Industry 4.0 technologies into the logistics sector. This situation necessitates the strengthening of logistics infrastructures by firms and countries to achieve competitive advantage. In this context, fully determining the impact of digitalization and innovation on logistics performance is of critical importance for policy-making and serves as the starting point of this study. In this study, a machine learning method, the random forest technique, is employed to assess the impact of countries' digitalization and innovation levels on logistics performance and to rank the variables influencing the Logistics Performance Index (LPI) based on their significance. According to the study’s findings, research and development (R&D) expenditures, the number of patents, the level of global innovation, high-tech exports, internet usage rate, and e-government development services—considered as indicators of digitalization and innovation—explain a significant portion of the variation in LPI. Among these factors, R&D has been identified as the most critical variable. R&D activities directly influence a country's logistics performance by fostering innovation and technological progress. In this regard, investments in R&D significantly contribute to strengthening logistics infrastructure, improving processes, and enhancing the efficiency of technologies.

Keywords

Digitalization , Innovation , Logistics 4.0 , LPI , Machine Learning

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