Kadınların Siyasal Güçlenmesi Enerji Kırılganlığını Azaltır mı? Avrupa Birliği’nden Bulgular

Year 2025, Volume: 39 Issue: 4, 528 - 541

Ferhat Çıtak

https://doi.org/10.16951/trendbusecon.1751494

Abstract

Jeopolitik riskler, kaynakların dengesiz dağılımı ve artan enerji talebi, uzun vadeli enerji arz güvenliğini küresel ölçekte öncelikli bir konu haline getirmiştir. Bu çerçevede, güvenilir ve sürdürülebilir enerjiye eşit erişimin sağlanamaması olarak tanımlanan enerji kırılganlığı, özellikle sosyoekonomik açıdan dezavantajlı kadınlar üzerinde yarattığı orantısız etkilerle dikkat çekmektedir. Bu çalışma, enerji kırılganlığı literatürüne toplumsal cinsiyet odaklı bir perspektif kazandırmakta ve Avrupa Birliği ülkeleri özelinde kadınların siyasi güçlenmesinin enerji kırılganlığı üzerindeki etkilerini ampirik olarak incelemektedir. Ayrıca, araştırma-geliştirme (Ar-Ge) harcamaları ile ekonomik büyüklüğün (GSYİH) enerji kırılganlığına etkisi de analiz edilmiştir. 2010–2019 dönemine ait 23 AB ülkesinden elde edilen panel veriler, bootstrapped panel quantile regresyon yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, kadınların siyasi güçlenmesinin düşük kırılganlık seviyelerine sahip ülkelerde enerji kırılganlığını anlamlı biçimde azalttığını; ancak yüksek kırılganlık düzeylerinde bu etkinin zayıfladığını ortaya koymaktadır. Ar-Ge harcamaları tüm kantil düzeylerinde enerji kırılganlığını azaltarak enerji sistemlerinin dayanıklılığını güçlendirmektedir. Öte yandan, ekonomik büyüklük kırılganlıkla pozitif yönlü ilişki göstermekte, büyük ekonomilerin karmaşık altyapıları ve yüksek enerji tüketimi nedeniyle daha fazla risk altında olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu bulgular, toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği, teknolojik yenilik ve sürdürülebilir ekonomik yönetimi bütüncül bir şekilde içeren politika çerçevelerinin enerji kırılganlığını azaltmada kritik öneme sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

Enerji Kırılganlığı , Kadınların Siyasal Güçlenmesi , Bootstrap Panel Kantil Regresyon

Does Female Political Empowerment Reduce Energy Vulnerability? Evidence from the European Union

Abstract

Geopolitical risks, uneven resource distribution, and increasing energy demand have made long-term energy supply security a top global priority. In this context, energy vulnerabilitydefined as the lack of equal access to reliable and sustainable energy-has drawn particular attention due to its disproportionate impact on socioeconomically disadvantaged women. This study brings a gender-sensitive perspective to the energy vulnerability literature by empirically examining the impact of women's political empowerment on energy vulnerability within the context of European Union countries. Additionally, it analyzes the effects of research and development (R&D) expenditures and economic size (GDP) on energy vulnerability. Using panel data from 23 EU member states covering the period 2010–2019, the study employs a bootstrapped panel quantile regression approach. The findings indicate that women’s political empowerment significantly reduces energy vulnerability in countries with lower vulnerability levels; however, this effect weakens in countries with higher vulnerability. R&D expenditures consistently reduce energy vulnerability across all quantiles, strengthening the resilience of energy systems. On the other hand, economic size shows a positive association with vulnerability, suggesting that larger economies face greater energy risks due to their complex infrastructures and high consumption levels. These results highlight the critical importance of policy frameworks that holistically integrate gender equality, technological innovation, and sustainable economic governance in reducing energy vulnerability.

Keywords

Energy Vulnerability , Female Political Empowerment , Bootstrapped Panel Quantile Regression

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