BibTex RIS Cite

3G cep telefonlarının sağlık açısından ülkemize getirebileceği sorunlar

Year 2009, Volume: 19 Issue: 3, 115 - 121, 08.06.2009

Murat Enöz

Abstract

Elektromanyetik kirlenmenin, teknolojik ilerlemele- re paralel olarak giderek arttığı şu günlerde, gözle görülemeyen, hatta kısa sürede farkedilemeyen birçok etkiye maruz kalmaktayız. Önceleri tedavi amacıyla kullanılan elektromanyetik dalgalar, gün- lük yaşamda kontrolsüz bir şekilde kullanılır hale gelmiştir. Ülkemizde 3. jenerasyon 3G telefonların kullanıma girmesiyle elektromanyetik kirlenme katla- narak artmış ve sağlık açısından bir çok tehlikeyi de beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu makalede çok geniş kap- samlı bir konu olan elektromanyetik kirlenme ve 3G telefonların kullanılmaya başlanmasıyla çok hızlı bir şekilde artan bu kirlenmenin yaratabileceği sorunlar literatür bilgisi ışığında özetlenmeye çalışılmıştır

Keywords

: Elektromanyetik kirlenme 3G cep telefonları sağlık problemleri önlemler.

References

  • Pilla AA. Mechanisms and therapeutic applications of time-varying and static magnetic fields. In: Barnes FS, Greenebaum B, editors. Handbook of biologi- cal effects of electromagnetic fields: biological and medical aspects of electromagnetic fields. 3rd ed. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis; 2007. p. 392-3.
  • Pilla AA. Mechanisms and therapeutic applications of time-varying and static magnetic fields. In: Barnes FS, Greenebaum B, editors. Handbook of biologi- cal effects of electromagnetic fields: biological and medical aspects of electromagnetic fields. 3rd ed. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis; 2007. p. 352.
  • Pilla AA. Mechanisms and therapeutic applications of time-varying and static magnetic fields. In: Barnes FS, Greenebaum B, editors. Handbook of biologi- cal effects of electromagnetic fields: biological and medical aspects of electromagnetic fields. 3rd ed. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis; 2007. p. 357.
  • Available from: http://www.bioinitiative.org Albertini A, Zucchini P, Noera G, Cadossi R, Napoleone CP, Pierangeli A. Protective effect of low frequency low energy pulsing electromagnetic fields on acute experimental myocardial infarcts in rats. Bioelectromagnetics 1999;20:372-7.
  • Hardell L, Carlberg M, Hansson Mild K. Epidemiological evidence for an association between use of wireless phones and tumor diseases. Pathophysiology 2009; 16:113-22.
  • Frumkin H, Jacobson A, Gansler T, Thun MJ. Environmental carcinogens - cellular phones and risk of brain tumors. Available from: http://www.cancer. org/docroot/pub/content/pub_3_8x_environmen- tal_carcinogens-cellular_phones_and_risk_of_brain_ tumors.asp (Erişim tarihi: 20.09.2009)
  • Kundi M. The controversy about a possible relation- ship between mobile phone use and cancer. Environ Health Perspect 2009;117:316-24.
  • News release: Safety guidelines for hand-held cellular telephones. Federal Communications Commission; 1999. Available from: http://www.fcc.gov/Bureaus/ Wireless/News_Releases/1999/nrwl9044.html. (Erişim tarihi: 20.09.2009)
  • Hardell L, Sage C. Biological effects from electromag- netic field exposure and public exposure standards. Biomed Pharmacother 2008;62:104-9.
  • Huss A, Egger M, Hug K, Huwiler-Müntener K, Röösli M. Source of funding and results of studies of health effects of mobile phone use: systematic review of experimental studies. Environ Health Perspect 2007;115:1-4.
  • Huss A, Egger M, Hug K, Huwiler-Müntener K, Röösli M. Source of funding and results of studies of health effects of mobile phone use: systematic review of experimental studies. Cien Saude Colet 2008;13:1005- 12.
  • Available from: http://www.scribd.com/doc/19576225/ EWGs-Guide-to-Reducing-Cell-Phone-Radiation (Erişim tarihi: 25.09.2009)
  • Available from: http://www.scribd.com/doc/19576223/ EWGs-Cell-Phone-Radiation-Report (Erişim tarihi: 25.09.2009)
  • Şeker S. Cep tehlikesi. İstanbul: HayyKitap; 2005.
  • Study: cell phones could be more dangerous than cigarettes. Available from: http://www.foxnews.com/ story/0,2933,343335,00.html (Erişim tarihi: 26.09.2009)
  • Pawl R. Cell phones more dangerous than cigarettes Surg Neurol 2008;70:445-6.
  • Peyman A, Gabriel C, Grant EH, Vermeeren G, Martens L. Variation of the dielectric properties of tissues with age: the effect on the values of SAR in children when exposed to walkie-talkie devices. Phys Med Biol 2009; 54:227-41.
  • Yang Y, Jin X, Yan C, Tian Y, Tang J, Shen X. Case- only study of interactions between DNA repair genes (hMLH1, APEX1, MGMT, XRCC1 and XPD) and low- frequency electromagnetic fields in childhood acute leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2008;49:2344-50.
  • Greenland S, Kheifets L. Leukemia attributable to residential magnetic fields: results from analyses allowing for study biases. Risk Anal 2006;26:471-82.
  • Binhi V. Do naturally occurring magnetic nanopar- ticles in the human body mediate increased risk of childhood leukaemia with EMF exposure? Int J Radiat Biol 2008;84:569-79.
  • Linet MS, Taggart T, Severson RK, Cerhan JR, Cozen W, Hartge P, et al. Cellular telephones and non-Hodg- kin lymphoma. Int J Cancer 2006;119:2382-8.
  • Hardell L, Eriksson M, Carlberg M, Sundström C, Mild KH. Use of cellular or cordless telephones and the risk for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2005;78:625-32.
  • Hardell L, Sage C. Biological effects from electromag- netic field exposure and public exposure standards. Biomed Pharmacother 2008;62:104-9.
  • Blackman CF, Benane SG, House DE. The influence of 1.2 microT, 60 Hz magnetic fields on melatonin- and tamoxifen-induced inhibition of MCF-7 cell growth. Bioelectromagnetics 2001;22:122-8.
  • Senior K. Mobile phones: are they safe? Lancet 2000;355:1793.
  • Martínez-Bşrdalo M, Martín A, Anguiano M, Villar R. Comparison of FDTD-calculated specific absorption rate in adults and children when using a mobile phone at 900 and 1800 MHz. Phys Med Biol 2004;49:345-54.
  • Cardis E, Richardson L, Deltour I, Armstrong B, Feychting M, Johansen C, et al. The Interphone study: design, epidemiological methods, and description of the study population. Eur J Epidemiol 2007;22:647-64.
  • Hardell L, Carlberg M. Mobile phones, cordless phones and the risk for brain tumours. Int J Oncol 2009;35:5-17.
  • Khurana VG, Teo C, Kundi M, Hardell L, Carlberg M. Cell phones and brain tumors: a review includ- ing the long-term epidemiologic data. Surg Neurol 2009;72:205-14.
  • Takebayashi T, Varsier N, Kikuchi Y, Wake K, Taki M, Watanabe S, et al. Mobile phone use, exposure to radiof- requency electromagnetic field, and brain tumour: a case-control study. Br J Cancer 2008;98:652-9.
  • Hillert L, Ahlbom A, Neasham D, Feychting M, Järup L, Navin R, et al. Call-related factors influencing out- put power from mobile phones. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2006;16:507-14.
  • Johansson O. Electrohypersensitivity: state-of-the-art of a functional impairment. Electromagn Biol Med 2006;25:245-58.
  • Hillert L. Cognitive therapy for patients who report electromagnetic Presentation WHO International Workshop on Electrical Hypersensitivity, October 25-27, 2004, Prague, Czech Republic. Available from: http://www.who. int/peh-emf/publications/reports/EHS_Proceedings_ June2006.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 26.09.2009) Conference
  • Zhao R, Zhang S, Xu Z, Ju L, Lu D, Yao G. Studying gene expression profile of rat neuron exposed to 1800MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields with cDNA microassay. Toxicology 2007;235:167-75.
  • Makker K, Varghese A, Desai NR, Mouradi R, Agarwal A. Cell phones: modern man’s nemesis? Reprod Biomed Online 2009;18:148-57.
  • Huang TQ, Lee MS, Oh EH, Kalinec F, Zhang BT, Seo JS, et al. Characterization of biological effect of 1763 MHz radiofrequency exposure on auditory hair cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2008;84:909-15.
  • Schüz J, Waldemar G, Olsen JH, Johansen C. Risks for central nervous system diseases among mobile phone subscribers: a Danish retrospective cohort study. PLoS One 2009;4:e4389.
  • Divan HA, Kheifets L, Obel C, Olsen J. Prenatal and postnatal exposure to cell phone use and behavioral problems in children. Epidemiology 2008;19:523-9.
  • Cao Y, Zhang W, Lu MX, Xu Q, Meng QQ, Nie JH, et al. 900-MHz microwave radiation enhances gamma- ray adverse effects on SHG44 cells. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2009;72:727-32.
  • Malagoli D, Lusvardi M, Gobba F, Ottaviani E. 50 Hz magnetic fields activate mussel immunocyte p38 MAP kinase and induce HSP70 and 90. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2004;137:75-9.
  • Huss A, Spoerri A, Egger M, Röösli M; Swiss National Cohort Study. Residence near power lines and mor- tality from neurodegenerative diseases: longitudinal study of the Swiss population. Am J Epidemiol 2009; 169:167-75.
  • Del Giudice E, Facchinetti F, Nofrate V, Boccaccio P, Minelli T, Dam M, et al. Fifty Hertz electromagnetic field exposure stimulates secretion of beta-amyloid peptide in cultured human neuroglioma. Neurosci Lett 2007;418:9-12.
  • Matsubara E, Bryant-Thomas T, Pacheco Quinto J, Henry TL, Poeggeler B, Herbert D, et al. Melatonin increases survival and inhibits oxidative and amyloid pathology in a transgenic model of Alzheimer’s dis- ease. J Neurochem 2003;85:1101-8.
  • Noonan CW, Reif JS, Burch JB, Ichinose TY, Yost MG, Magnusson K. Relationship between amyloid beta protein and melatonin metabolite in a study of electric utility workers. J Occup Environ Med 2002; 44:769-75.
  • Lönn S, Ahlbom A, Christensen HC, Johansen C, Schüz J, Edström S, et al. Mobile phone use and risk of parotid gland tumor. Am J Epidemiol 2006;164:637-43.
  • Sadetzki S, Chetrit A, Jarus-Hakak A, Cardis E, Deutch Y, Duvdevani S, et al. Cellular phone use and risk of benign and malignant parotid gland tumors-a nationwide case- control study. Am J Epidemiol 2008;167:457-67.
  • Stang A, Anastassiou G, Ahrens W, Bromen K, Bornfeld N, Jöckel KH. The possible role of radiofrequency radiation in the development of uveal melanoma. Epidemiology 2001;12:7-12.
  • Johansen C, Boice JD Jr, McLaughlin JK, Christensen HC, Olsen JH. Mobile phones and malignant mela- noma of the eye. Br J Cancer 2002;86:348-9.
  • Warren HG, Prevatt AA, Daly KA, Antonelli PJ. Cellular telephone use and risk of intratemporal facial nerve tumor. Laryngoscope 2003;113:663-7.
  • Erogul O, Oztas E, Yildirim I, Kir T, Aydur E, Komesli G, et al. Effects of electromagnetic radiation from a cellular phone on human sperm motility: an in vitro study. Arch Med Res 2006;37:840-3.
  • Agarwal A, Deai Nr, Makker K, Varghese A, Mouradi R, Sabanegh E, et al. Effects of radiofrequency electro- magnetic waves (RF-EMW) from cellular phones on human ejeculated semen: an in vitro pilot study. Fertil Steril 2009;92:1318-25.
  • De Iuliis GN, Newey RJ, King BV, Aitken RJ. Mobile phone radiation induces reactive oxygen species production and DNA damage in human spermatozoa in vitro. PLoS One 2009;4:e6446.
  • Fejes I, Závaczki Z, Szöllosi J, Koloszár S, Daru J, Kovács L, Pál A. Is there a relationship between cell phone use and semen quality? Arch Androl 2005;51:385-93.
  • Salama N, Kishimoto T, Kanayama HO. Effects of expo- sure to a mobile phone on testicular function and struc- ture in adult rabbit. Int J Androl 2009. (article in press)
  • Yan JG, Agresti M, Bruce T, Yan YH, Granlund A, Matloub HS. Effects of cellular phone emissions on sperm motility in rats. Fertil Steril 2007;88:957-64.
  • Oktay MF, Dasdag S. Effects of intensive and moderate cellular phone use on hearing function. Electromagn Biol Med 2006;25:13-21.
  • Loftis M. Sources of noise-induced hearing loss. AAOHN J 2007;55:476.

The health problems which can brougth by 3G cell phones to our country

Year 2009, Volume: 19 Issue: 3, 115 - 121, 08.06.2009

Murat Enöz

Abstract

At present, we are being exposed to electromagnetic pollution which is steadily increasing parallel to the technological advancements and which is invisible and unnoticeable in the short run. Electromagnetic waves which were previously used for therapeutic reasons have recently been uncontrollably used in daily life. By widespread use of 3rd generation 3G cellular phones, the electromagnetic pollution has multiplied and brought us a huge amount of health dangers in our country. In this article, electromagnetic pollution, which is a comprehensive topic, and problems related with this kind of pollution which is rapidly increasing due to recent wide use of 3G cell phones are summarized in the light of the literature.

Keywords

Electromagnetic pollution 3G mobile phones health problems precautions

References

  • Pilla AA. Mechanisms and therapeutic applications of time-varying and static magnetic fields. In: Barnes FS, Greenebaum B, editors. Handbook of biologi- cal effects of electromagnetic fields: biological and medical aspects of electromagnetic fields. 3rd ed. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis; 2007. p. 392-3.
  • Pilla AA. Mechanisms and therapeutic applications of time-varying and static magnetic fields. In: Barnes FS, Greenebaum B, editors. Handbook of biologi- cal effects of electromagnetic fields: biological and medical aspects of electromagnetic fields. 3rd ed. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis; 2007. p. 352.
  • Pilla AA. Mechanisms and therapeutic applications of time-varying and static magnetic fields. In: Barnes FS, Greenebaum B, editors. Handbook of biologi- cal effects of electromagnetic fields: biological and medical aspects of electromagnetic fields. 3rd ed. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis; 2007. p. 357.
  • Available from: http://www.bioinitiative.org Albertini A, Zucchini P, Noera G, Cadossi R, Napoleone CP, Pierangeli A. Protective effect of low frequency low energy pulsing electromagnetic fields on acute experimental myocardial infarcts in rats. Bioelectromagnetics 1999;20:372-7.
  • Hardell L, Carlberg M, Hansson Mild K. Epidemiological evidence for an association between use of wireless phones and tumor diseases. Pathophysiology 2009; 16:113-22.
  • Frumkin H, Jacobson A, Gansler T, Thun MJ. Environmental carcinogens - cellular phones and risk of brain tumors. Available from: http://www.cancer. org/docroot/pub/content/pub_3_8x_environmen- tal_carcinogens-cellular_phones_and_risk_of_brain_ tumors.asp (Erişim tarihi: 20.09.2009)
  • Kundi M. The controversy about a possible relation- ship between mobile phone use and cancer. Environ Health Perspect 2009;117:316-24.
  • News release: Safety guidelines for hand-held cellular telephones. Federal Communications Commission; 1999. Available from: http://www.fcc.gov/Bureaus/ Wireless/News_Releases/1999/nrwl9044.html. (Erişim tarihi: 20.09.2009)
  • Hardell L, Sage C. Biological effects from electromag- netic field exposure and public exposure standards. Biomed Pharmacother 2008;62:104-9.
  • Huss A, Egger M, Hug K, Huwiler-Müntener K, Röösli M. Source of funding and results of studies of health effects of mobile phone use: systematic review of experimental studies. Environ Health Perspect 2007;115:1-4.
  • Huss A, Egger M, Hug K, Huwiler-Müntener K, Röösli M. Source of funding and results of studies of health effects of mobile phone use: systematic review of experimental studies. Cien Saude Colet 2008;13:1005- 12.
  • Available from: http://www.scribd.com/doc/19576225/ EWGs-Guide-to-Reducing-Cell-Phone-Radiation (Erişim tarihi: 25.09.2009)
  • Available from: http://www.scribd.com/doc/19576223/ EWGs-Cell-Phone-Radiation-Report (Erişim tarihi: 25.09.2009)
  • Şeker S. Cep tehlikesi. İstanbul: HayyKitap; 2005.
  • Study: cell phones could be more dangerous than cigarettes. Available from: http://www.foxnews.com/ story/0,2933,343335,00.html (Erişim tarihi: 26.09.2009)
  • Pawl R. Cell phones more dangerous than cigarettes Surg Neurol 2008;70:445-6.
  • Peyman A, Gabriel C, Grant EH, Vermeeren G, Martens L. Variation of the dielectric properties of tissues with age: the effect on the values of SAR in children when exposed to walkie-talkie devices. Phys Med Biol 2009; 54:227-41.
  • Yang Y, Jin X, Yan C, Tian Y, Tang J, Shen X. Case- only study of interactions between DNA repair genes (hMLH1, APEX1, MGMT, XRCC1 and XPD) and low- frequency electromagnetic fields in childhood acute leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2008;49:2344-50.
  • Greenland S, Kheifets L. Leukemia attributable to residential magnetic fields: results from analyses allowing for study biases. Risk Anal 2006;26:471-82.
  • Binhi V. Do naturally occurring magnetic nanopar- ticles in the human body mediate increased risk of childhood leukaemia with EMF exposure? Int J Radiat Biol 2008;84:569-79.
  • Linet MS, Taggart T, Severson RK, Cerhan JR, Cozen W, Hartge P, et al. Cellular telephones and non-Hodg- kin lymphoma. Int J Cancer 2006;119:2382-8.
  • Hardell L, Eriksson M, Carlberg M, Sundström C, Mild KH. Use of cellular or cordless telephones and the risk for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2005;78:625-32.
  • Hardell L, Sage C. Biological effects from electromag- netic field exposure and public exposure standards. Biomed Pharmacother 2008;62:104-9.
  • Blackman CF, Benane SG, House DE. The influence of 1.2 microT, 60 Hz magnetic fields on melatonin- and tamoxifen-induced inhibition of MCF-7 cell growth. Bioelectromagnetics 2001;22:122-8.
  • Senior K. Mobile phones: are they safe? Lancet 2000;355:1793.
  • Martínez-Bşrdalo M, Martín A, Anguiano M, Villar R. Comparison of FDTD-calculated specific absorption rate in adults and children when using a mobile phone at 900 and 1800 MHz. Phys Med Biol 2004;49:345-54.
  • Cardis E, Richardson L, Deltour I, Armstrong B, Feychting M, Johansen C, et al. The Interphone study: design, epidemiological methods, and description of the study population. Eur J Epidemiol 2007;22:647-64.
  • Hardell L, Carlberg M. Mobile phones, cordless phones and the risk for brain tumours. Int J Oncol 2009;35:5-17.
  • Khurana VG, Teo C, Kundi M, Hardell L, Carlberg M. Cell phones and brain tumors: a review includ- ing the long-term epidemiologic data. Surg Neurol 2009;72:205-14.
  • Takebayashi T, Varsier N, Kikuchi Y, Wake K, Taki M, Watanabe S, et al. Mobile phone use, exposure to radiof- requency electromagnetic field, and brain tumour: a case-control study. Br J Cancer 2008;98:652-9.
  • Hillert L, Ahlbom A, Neasham D, Feychting M, Järup L, Navin R, et al. Call-related factors influencing out- put power from mobile phones. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2006;16:507-14.
  • Johansson O. Electrohypersensitivity: state-of-the-art of a functional impairment. Electromagn Biol Med 2006;25:245-58.
  • Hillert L. Cognitive therapy for patients who report electromagnetic Presentation WHO International Workshop on Electrical Hypersensitivity, October 25-27, 2004, Prague, Czech Republic. Available from: http://www.who. int/peh-emf/publications/reports/EHS_Proceedings_ June2006.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 26.09.2009) Conference
  • Zhao R, Zhang S, Xu Z, Ju L, Lu D, Yao G. Studying gene expression profile of rat neuron exposed to 1800MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields with cDNA microassay. Toxicology 2007;235:167-75.
  • Makker K, Varghese A, Desai NR, Mouradi R, Agarwal A. Cell phones: modern man’s nemesis? Reprod Biomed Online 2009;18:148-57.
  • Huang TQ, Lee MS, Oh EH, Kalinec F, Zhang BT, Seo JS, et al. Characterization of biological effect of 1763 MHz radiofrequency exposure on auditory hair cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2008;84:909-15.
  • Schüz J, Waldemar G, Olsen JH, Johansen C. Risks for central nervous system diseases among mobile phone subscribers: a Danish retrospective cohort study. PLoS One 2009;4:e4389.
  • Divan HA, Kheifets L, Obel C, Olsen J. Prenatal and postnatal exposure to cell phone use and behavioral problems in children. Epidemiology 2008;19:523-9.
  • Cao Y, Zhang W, Lu MX, Xu Q, Meng QQ, Nie JH, et al. 900-MHz microwave radiation enhances gamma- ray adverse effects on SHG44 cells. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2009;72:727-32.
  • Malagoli D, Lusvardi M, Gobba F, Ottaviani E. 50 Hz magnetic fields activate mussel immunocyte p38 MAP kinase and induce HSP70 and 90. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2004;137:75-9.
  • Huss A, Spoerri A, Egger M, Röösli M; Swiss National Cohort Study. Residence near power lines and mor- tality from neurodegenerative diseases: longitudinal study of the Swiss population. Am J Epidemiol 2009; 169:167-75.
  • Del Giudice E, Facchinetti F, Nofrate V, Boccaccio P, Minelli T, Dam M, et al. Fifty Hertz electromagnetic field exposure stimulates secretion of beta-amyloid peptide in cultured human neuroglioma. Neurosci Lett 2007;418:9-12.
  • Matsubara E, Bryant-Thomas T, Pacheco Quinto J, Henry TL, Poeggeler B, Herbert D, et al. Melatonin increases survival and inhibits oxidative and amyloid pathology in a transgenic model of Alzheimer’s dis- ease. J Neurochem 2003;85:1101-8.
  • Noonan CW, Reif JS, Burch JB, Ichinose TY, Yost MG, Magnusson K. Relationship between amyloid beta protein and melatonin metabolite in a study of electric utility workers. J Occup Environ Med 2002; 44:769-75.
  • Lönn S, Ahlbom A, Christensen HC, Johansen C, Schüz J, Edström S, et al. Mobile phone use and risk of parotid gland tumor. Am J Epidemiol 2006;164:637-43.
  • Sadetzki S, Chetrit A, Jarus-Hakak A, Cardis E, Deutch Y, Duvdevani S, et al. Cellular phone use and risk of benign and malignant parotid gland tumors-a nationwide case- control study. Am J Epidemiol 2008;167:457-67.
  • Stang A, Anastassiou G, Ahrens W, Bromen K, Bornfeld N, Jöckel KH. The possible role of radiofrequency radiation in the development of uveal melanoma. Epidemiology 2001;12:7-12.
  • Johansen C, Boice JD Jr, McLaughlin JK, Christensen HC, Olsen JH. Mobile phones and malignant mela- noma of the eye. Br J Cancer 2002;86:348-9.
  • Warren HG, Prevatt AA, Daly KA, Antonelli PJ. Cellular telephone use and risk of intratemporal facial nerve tumor. Laryngoscope 2003;113:663-7.
  • Erogul O, Oztas E, Yildirim I, Kir T, Aydur E, Komesli G, et al. Effects of electromagnetic radiation from a cellular phone on human sperm motility: an in vitro study. Arch Med Res 2006;37:840-3.
  • Agarwal A, Deai Nr, Makker K, Varghese A, Mouradi R, Sabanegh E, et al. Effects of radiofrequency electro- magnetic waves (RF-EMW) from cellular phones on human ejeculated semen: an in vitro pilot study. Fertil Steril 2009;92:1318-25.
  • De Iuliis GN, Newey RJ, King BV, Aitken RJ. Mobile phone radiation induces reactive oxygen species production and DNA damage in human spermatozoa in vitro. PLoS One 2009;4:e6446.
  • Fejes I, Závaczki Z, Szöllosi J, Koloszár S, Daru J, Kovács L, Pál A. Is there a relationship between cell phone use and semen quality? Arch Androl 2005;51:385-93.
  • Salama N, Kishimoto T, Kanayama HO. Effects of expo- sure to a mobile phone on testicular function and struc- ture in adult rabbit. Int J Androl 2009. (article in press)
  • Yan JG, Agresti M, Bruce T, Yan YH, Granlund A, Matloub HS. Effects of cellular phone emissions on sperm motility in rats. Fertil Steril 2007;88:957-64.
  • Oktay MF, Dasdag S. Effects of intensive and moderate cellular phone use on hearing function. Electromagn Biol Med 2006;25:13-21.
  • Loftis M. Sources of noise-induced hearing loss. AAOHN J 2007;55:476.
There are 57 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Collection
Authors

Murat Enöz This is me

Publication Date June 8, 2009
Published in Issue Year 2009 Volume: 19 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Enöz, M. (2009). 3G cep telefonlarının sağlık açısından ülkemize getirebileceği sorunlar. The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat, 19(3), 115-121.
AMA Enöz M. 3G cep telefonlarının sağlık açısından ülkemize getirebileceği sorunlar. Tr-ENT. June 2009;19(3):115-121.
Chicago Enöz, Murat. “3G Cep telefonlarının sağlık açısından ülkemize getirebileceği Sorunlar”. The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat 19, no. 3 (June 2009): 115-21.
EndNote Enöz M (June 1, 2009) 3G cep telefonlarının sağlık açısından ülkemize getirebileceği sorunlar. The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat 19 3 115–121.
IEEE M. Enöz, “3G cep telefonlarının sağlık açısından ülkemize getirebileceği sorunlar”, Tr-ENT, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 115–121, 2009.
ISNAD Enöz, Murat. “3G Cep telefonlarının sağlık açısından ülkemize getirebileceği Sorunlar”. The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat 19/3 (June 2009), 115-121.
JAMA Enöz M. 3G cep telefonlarının sağlık açısından ülkemize getirebileceği sorunlar. Tr-ENT. 2009;19:115–121.
MLA Enöz, Murat. “3G Cep telefonlarının sağlık açısından ülkemize getirebileceği Sorunlar”. The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat, vol. 19, no. 3, 2009, pp. 115-21.
Vancouver Enöz M. 3G cep telefonlarının sağlık açısından ülkemize getirebileceği sorunlar. Tr-ENT. 2009;19(3):115-21.