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Evaluation of smell function changes in pregnancy

Year 2015, Volume: 25 Issue: 2, 92 - 96, 20.05.2015

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to compare the olfactory function changes among pregnant women in varying trimesters and non-pregnant women. Patients and Methods: Thirty-five healthy pregnant women and 14 non-pregnant women were included in the study. Volunteer pregnant women were divided into three subgroups including the first trimester, second trimester, and third trimester. All volunteers were tested with the smell bottle test battery. The content of the test was consistent with the Sniffin’ sticks including three detailed olfactory function tests, namely olfactory threshold OT , olfactory discrimination OD , and olfactory identification OI . Total results of these three tests were defined as TDI scores. Results: TDI score and test scores of the pregnant women in the first trimester statistically significantly decreased compared to pregnant women in other trimesters and non-pregnant women p<0.05 . Pregnant women in the second and third trimesters had similar olfactory function scores to the non-pregnant women p>0.05 . Conclusion: The olfactory function changes are observed in women during pregnancy. In particular, decreased smell sensitivity in the first trimester returns to normal scores towards the end of pregnancy.

References

  • Cameron EL. Pregnancy and olfaction: a review. Front Psychol 2014;5:67.
  • Ochsenbein-Kölble N, von Mering R, Zimmermann R, Hummel T. Changes in olfactory function in pregnancy and postpartum. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2007;97:10-4.
  • Kölble N, Hummel T, von Mering R, Huch A, Huch R. Gustatory and olfactory function in the first trimester of pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2001;99:179-83.
  • Simsek G, Bayar Muluk N, Arikan OK, Ozcan Dag Z, Simsek Y, Dag E. Marked changes in olfactory perception during early pregnancy: a prospective case-control study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2015;272:627-30.
  • Mackay-Sim A, Grant L, Owen C, Chant D, Silburn P. Australian norms for a quantitative olfactory function test. J Clin Neurosci 2004;11:874-9.
  • Doty RL, Shaman P, Kimmelman CP, Dann MS. University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test: a rapid quantitative olfactory function test for the clinic. Laryngoscope 1984;94:176-8.
  • Yücepur C, Ozücer B, Değirmenci N, Yıldırım Y, Veyseller B, Ozturan O. University of Pennsylvania smell identification test: application to Turkish population. Kulak Burun Bogaz Ihtis Derg 2012;22:77-80.
  • Gül A, Akdağ M, Özkurt FE, Yilmaz B, Şengül E, Bakir S, et al. Cultural adaptation of an olfactory test: the odour in bottle test. [corrected]. Rhinology 2014;52:172-7.
  • Cantoni P, Hudson R, Distel H, Laska M. Changes in olfactory perception and dietary habits in the course of pregnancy: a questionnaire study. Chem Senses 1999;24:58
  • Cameron EL. Measures of human olfactory perception during pregnancy. Chem Senses 2007;32:775-82.
  • Nordin S, Broman DA, Olofsson JK, Wulff M. A longitudinal descriptive study of self-reported abnormal smell and taste perception in pregnant women. Chem Senses 2004;29:391-402.
  • Savović S, Nincić D, Lemajić S, Pilija V, Mandić A, Rajović J, et al. Olfactory perception in women with physiologically altered hormonal status (during pregnancy and menopause. Med Pregl 2002;55:380-3. [Abstract]
  • Laska M, Koch B, Heid B, Hudson R. Failure to demonstrate systematic changes in olfactory perception in the course of pregnancy: a longitudinal study. Chem Senses 1996;21:567-71.
  • Hook EB. Dietary cravings and aversions during pregnancy. Am J Clin Nutr 1978;31:1355-62.
  • Profet M. Pregnancy sickness as adaptation: a deterrent to maternal ingestion of teratogens In: Barkow JH, Cosmides L, Tooby J, editors. The adapted mind: evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture. New York: Oxford University Press; 1992. p. 327-66.
  • Kamath V, Turetsky BI, Moberg PJ. Identification of pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant odors in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2011;187:30-5.

Gebelikte koku fonksiyon değişiminin değerlendirilmesi

Year 2015, Volume: 25 Issue: 2, 92 - 96, 20.05.2015

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada farklı trimesterdeki gebe kadınlar ve gebe olmayan kadınlar arasında koku fonksiyon değişimleri karşılaştırıldı.Hastalar ve Yöntemler: Otuz beş sağlıklı gebe kadın ile 14 sağlıklı gebe olmayan kadın çalışmaya dahil edildi. Gönüllü gebe kadınlar ilk trimester, ikinci trimester ve üçüncü trimester olmak üzere üç alt gruba ayrıldı. Tüm gönüllülere koku şişe test bataryası ile koku testi yapıldı. Testin içeriği Sniffin stick ile uyumlu olup, koku eşiği OT , koku ayrımcılık OD ve koku tanımlama OI olarak üç ayrıntılı koku fonksiyon testlerinden oluşmaktaydı. Bu üç testin sonucu TDI skoru olarak belirtildi.Bulgular: İlk trimesterdeki gebe kadınların TDI skorunda ve test skorlarında, diğer trimester gebeler ve gebe olmayan kadınlara kıyasla, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir azalma gözlendi p0.05 .Sonuç: Gebelik sürecinde kadınlarda koku fonksiyonlarında değişiklik izlenmektedir. Özellikle ilk trimesterde koku duyarlılığında oluşan azalma, gebeliğin sonlarına doğru normal skorlara ulaşmaktadır

References

  • Cameron EL. Pregnancy and olfaction: a review. Front Psychol 2014;5:67.
  • Ochsenbein-Kölble N, von Mering R, Zimmermann R, Hummel T. Changes in olfactory function in pregnancy and postpartum. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2007;97:10-4.
  • Kölble N, Hummel T, von Mering R, Huch A, Huch R. Gustatory and olfactory function in the first trimester of pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2001;99:179-83.
  • Simsek G, Bayar Muluk N, Arikan OK, Ozcan Dag Z, Simsek Y, Dag E. Marked changes in olfactory perception during early pregnancy: a prospective case-control study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2015;272:627-30.
  • Mackay-Sim A, Grant L, Owen C, Chant D, Silburn P. Australian norms for a quantitative olfactory function test. J Clin Neurosci 2004;11:874-9.
  • Doty RL, Shaman P, Kimmelman CP, Dann MS. University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test: a rapid quantitative olfactory function test for the clinic. Laryngoscope 1984;94:176-8.
  • Yücepur C, Ozücer B, Değirmenci N, Yıldırım Y, Veyseller B, Ozturan O. University of Pennsylvania smell identification test: application to Turkish population. Kulak Burun Bogaz Ihtis Derg 2012;22:77-80.
  • Gül A, Akdağ M, Özkurt FE, Yilmaz B, Şengül E, Bakir S, et al. Cultural adaptation of an olfactory test: the odour in bottle test. [corrected]. Rhinology 2014;52:172-7.
  • Cantoni P, Hudson R, Distel H, Laska M. Changes in olfactory perception and dietary habits in the course of pregnancy: a questionnaire study. Chem Senses 1999;24:58
  • Cameron EL. Measures of human olfactory perception during pregnancy. Chem Senses 2007;32:775-82.
  • Nordin S, Broman DA, Olofsson JK, Wulff M. A longitudinal descriptive study of self-reported abnormal smell and taste perception in pregnant women. Chem Senses 2004;29:391-402.
  • Savović S, Nincić D, Lemajić S, Pilija V, Mandić A, Rajović J, et al. Olfactory perception in women with physiologically altered hormonal status (during pregnancy and menopause. Med Pregl 2002;55:380-3. [Abstract]
  • Laska M, Koch B, Heid B, Hudson R. Failure to demonstrate systematic changes in olfactory perception in the course of pregnancy: a longitudinal study. Chem Senses 1996;21:567-71.
  • Hook EB. Dietary cravings and aversions during pregnancy. Am J Clin Nutr 1978;31:1355-62.
  • Profet M. Pregnancy sickness as adaptation: a deterrent to maternal ingestion of teratogens In: Barkow JH, Cosmides L, Tooby J, editors. The adapted mind: evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture. New York: Oxford University Press; 1992. p. 327-66.
  • Kamath V, Turetsky BI, Moberg PJ. Identification of pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant odors in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2011;187:30-5.
There are 16 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Aylin Gül This is me

Beyhan Yılmaz This is me

Songül Karababa This is me

Selin Fulya Tuna This is me

Fazıl Emre Özkurt This is me

Neval Yaman Yörük This is me

İsmail Topçu This is me

Publication Date May 20, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 25 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Gül, A., Yılmaz, B., Karababa, S., Tuna, S. F., et al. (2015). Gebelikte koku fonksiyon değişiminin değerlendirilmesi. The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat, 25(2), 92-96.
AMA Gül A, Yılmaz B, Karababa S, Tuna SF, Özkurt FE, Yaman Yörük N, Topçu İ. Gebelikte koku fonksiyon değişiminin değerlendirilmesi. Tr-ENT. May 2015;25(2):92-96.
Chicago Gül, Aylin, Beyhan Yılmaz, Songül Karababa, Selin Fulya Tuna, Fazıl Emre Özkurt, Neval Yaman Yörük, and İsmail Topçu. “Gebelikte Koku Fonksiyon değişiminin değerlendirilmesi”. The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat 25, no. 2 (May 2015): 92-96.
EndNote Gül A, Yılmaz B, Karababa S, Tuna SF, Özkurt FE, Yaman Yörük N, Topçu İ (May 1, 2015) Gebelikte koku fonksiyon değişiminin değerlendirilmesi. The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat 25 2 92–96.
IEEE A. Gül, “Gebelikte koku fonksiyon değişiminin değerlendirilmesi”, Tr-ENT, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 92–96, 2015.
ISNAD Gül, Aylin et al. “Gebelikte Koku Fonksiyon değişiminin değerlendirilmesi”. The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat 25/2 (May 2015), 92-96.
JAMA Gül A, Yılmaz B, Karababa S, Tuna SF, Özkurt FE, Yaman Yörük N, Topçu İ. Gebelikte koku fonksiyon değişiminin değerlendirilmesi. Tr-ENT. 2015;25:92–96.
MLA Gül, Aylin et al. “Gebelikte Koku Fonksiyon değişiminin değerlendirilmesi”. The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat, vol. 25, no. 2, 2015, pp. 92-96.
Vancouver Gül A, Yılmaz B, Karababa S, Tuna SF, Özkurt FE, Yaman Yörük N, Topçu İ. Gebelikte koku fonksiyon değişiminin değerlendirilmesi. Tr-ENT. 2015;25(2):92-6.