SMARTPHONE ADDICTION IN ADOLESCENTS: A LITERATURE REVIEW OF PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND RISK FACTORS

Abstract

The use of smartphones, which are present in all areas of life, is widespread among adolescents, often referred to as “digital natives.” This widespread use may lead to problematic usage due to various factors and result in psychosocial consequences. This study aims to review the literature on the risk factors affecting excessive smartphone use among adolescents and their psychosocial impacts. Within the scope of the study, the inclusion criteria were first determined to identify suitable data, and a comprehensive literature review was conducted. As a result of the search in databases such as Dergipark, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, and PubMed, 124 studies were identified. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 45 studies were found suitable and included in the review. Several gaps in the literature were identified based on the analysis of these studies. These gaps include: insufficient consideration of gender differences, limited research on the protective effects of healthy family communication and secure attachment styles, lack of investigation into the relationship between forming online friendships and problematic smartphone use, limited studies examining the role of objective academic performance indicators, and a scarcity of longitudinal and experimental studies on psychological variables such as loneliness, depression, and anxiety. Additionally, the literature lacks an in-depth examination of issues such as stress arising from smartphone use, its potential effects on self-esteem, and the relationship between problematic use and various sleep parameters. Keywords: smartphone addiction, adolescent smartphone addiction, psychosocial effects, risk factors

Keywords

• smartphone addiction
• adolescent smartphone addiction
• psychosocial effects
• risk factors

Ergenlerde Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılığına Yönelik Literatür İncelemesi: Psikososyal Etkiler ve Risk Faktörleri

Abstract

Hayatın her alanında yer alan akıllı telefonların “dijital yerliler” olarak bilinen ergenler arasında kullanımı yaygındır. Bu yaygın kullanım da çeşitli faktörler nedeniyle sorunlu kullanıma yol açmakta ve psikososyal etkilere sebep olmaktadır. Bu çalışma alanyazında ergenlerin aşırı akıllı telefon kullanımını etkileyen risk faktörlerini ve psikososyal etkilerini araştıran çalışmaları incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında öncelikle çalışmaya uygun verileri saptamak için dahil edilme kriterleri belirlenerek literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Dergipark, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library ve Pubmed veri tabanlarında yapılan tarama sonucunda 124 çalışmaya ulaşılmıştır. Ulaşılan verilere dahil etme ve dışlama kriterleri uygulandığında 45 çalışmanın yapılan çalışma kapsamında uygun olduğu görülerek incelemeye alınmıştır. İncelenen çalışmalar doğrultusunda, alanyazında bazı önemli boşluklar olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu boşluklar arasında; toplumsal cinsiyet farklılıklarının yeterince dikkate alınmaması, sağlıklı aile içi iletişim ve güvenli bağlanma stillerinin koruyucu etkilerinin yeterince araştırılmaması, sanal arkadaşlık kurma davranışının sorunlu akıllı telefon kullanımıyla ilişkisi, nesnel akademik başarı değişkenlerinin etkisinin sınırlı çalışmalarda ele alınması, yalnızlık, depresyon ve anksiyete gibi psikolojik değişkenlerle ilgili uzunlamasına ve deneysel çalışmaların eksikliği yer almaktadır. Ayrıca, akıllı telefon kullanımına bağlı gelişen stres, özsaygı üzerindeki olası etkiler ve farklı uyku parametreleri ile sorunlu kullanım arasındaki ilişkiler de literatürde yeterince derinlemesine incelenmemiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: akıllı telefon bağımlılığı, ergenlerde akıllı telefon bağımlılığı, psikososyal etkiler, risk faktörleri

Keywords

• akıllı telefon bağımlılığı
• ergenlerde akıllı telefon bağımlılığı
• psikososyal etkiler
• risk faktörleri

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