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Temporal Variations of Phytoplankton in Relation to Eutrophication in Samsun Bay, Southern Black Sea

Year 2010, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, - , 01.06.2010

Ozgur Baytut Arif Gonulol Tufan Koray2v

Abstract

The goal of this study was to determine the monthly variations of phytoplankton composition in the least studied southern shores of the Black Sea with respect to environmental factors. This region is known to be one of the most eutrophic seas in the world. During the course of this research, carried out between October 2002 and September 2003, various samples were collected monthly from a depth of 0.50 m at five stations. A total of 129 taxa belonging to 5 divisions and 14 potentially HAB species was recorded during this research. Three peaks were observed in the total phytoplankton in October 2002, May and July 2003. These findings were also supported by chlorophyll a (chl a) concentrations and the biodiversity index of Shannon-Wiener (H'). TRIX indices were computed in order to identify the trophic level of the region and the research area was determined to be highly eutrophic. Three groups of samples were described by Hierarchical agglomerative clustering and Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) ordination. Species displaying a major role in discriminating the groups were Dactyliosolen fragilissimus (Bergon) G.R. Hassle, 1997, Nitzschia longissima (Brébisson) Ralfs in Pritchard, 1861, Proboscia alata (Brightwell) Sundström, 1986, Pseudonitzchia pungens (Grunow ex P.T. Cleve, 1897) Hasle, 1993 and Skeletonema costatum (Greville) P.T. Cleve, 1878 from diatoms, Prorocentrum micans Ehrenberg, 1833 from dinoflagellates and Eutreptia lanowii Steur 1904 from euglenoids.

Keywords

Black Sea chlorophyll-a eutrophication phytoplankton TRIX index

References

  • APHA. 1998. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. l9t11 Ed., American Public Health Association, Washington D.C.
  • Bat, L., Sahin, F., Satılmıs, H.H., Ustun, F., Ozdemir, Z.B., Kideys, A.E. and Shulrnan, GB 2007. Karadeniz’in değişen ekosistemi ve hamsi balıkçılığına etkisi. J.Fish Sci. Comm., 1(4): 191-227.
  • Bodeanu, N. 1984. ModiŞcations sous l’inşuence anthropique dans le developementquantitatif et dans la structure du phytoplancton du secteur roumain de la Mer Noire.Trav. Mus. Hist. Nat.Gr. Antipa, Bucuresti, 26: 69—83.
  • Clarke, K.R. and Warwick, R.M. 2001. Change in marine communities: an approach to statistical analysis and interpretation. 211d Ed., Primer-E, Plymouth, England, 190 pp.
  • Cupp, E.E. 1943. Marine plankton diatoms of the west coast of North America. Bull. Scripps Inst. Oceanogr., 5: 1- 237.
  • Fritz, L. and Triemer, R.E. 1985. A rapid simple technique utilizing calcofluor white M2R for visualization of dinoşagellate thecal plates. J. Phycol., 21: 662-664.
  • Gionovardi, F. and Vollenweider, R.A. 2004. Trophic conditions of marine coastal waters: experience in applying the Trophic Index TRIX to two areas of the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian Seas. J. Lirnnol., 63: 199- 218.
  • Gucu, A.C. 2002. Can overfıshing be responsible for the successful establishment of Mnemı'opsis leidyi in the Black Sea? Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 54: 439-451.
  • Guillard, R.R.Y. 1978. Counting slides. In: A. Sournia (Ed.), Phytoplankton Manual, UNESCO, Paris: 182- 189.
  • Hasle, G.R. and Syvertsen, E.E. 1996. Marine diatoms. In: C.R. Tomas (Ed.), Identifying marine phytoplankton, Academic Press, San Diego: 5-385.
  • Hasle, G.R., Lange, B.C. and Syvertsen, E.E. 1996. A review of Pseudonı'tzschia, with special reference to the Skagerrak, North Atlantic and adjacent waters. Helgoland, 50: 131-175.
  • John, D.M., Whitton, B.A. and Brook, A.J. 2003. The Freshwater Algal Flora of the British Isles: An identification guide to freshwater and terrestrial algae, The Natural History Museum and The British Phycological Society, Cambridge University Pres, Cambridge.
  • Kirk, J.T.O. 1994. Light and photosynthesis in aquatic ecosystems, 211d Ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 401 pp.
  • Konovalov, S.K. and Murray, J.W. 2001. Variations in the chemistry of the Black Sea on a time scale of decades (1960-1995). Journal of Marine Systems, 31: 217-243.
  • Konovalov, S.K., Murray, J.K. and Luther III, G. 2005. Basic processes of Black Sea Biochemistry. J. Oceanogr., 18: 24-35.
  • Mee, L.D., Friedrich, J. and Gomoiu, M.T. 2005. Restoring the Black Sea in times of uncertainty. J. Oceanogr., 18: 100-111.
  • Oguz, T., Malanotte-Rizzoli, P., Duckow, H.W. and Murray, W. 2002. Interdisciplinary studies integrating the Black Sea biogeochemistry and circulation dynamics. J. Oceanogr., 15: 4-11.
  • Oguz, T. 2005a. Long-term impacts of anthropogenic forcing on the Black Sea ecosystem. J. Oceanogr., 18: 112-121.
  • Oguz, T. 2005b. Black Sea ecosystem response to climatic teleconnections. J. Oceanogr., 18: 122-133.
  • Pinarli, V., Onar, N., Ozkoc, H. and Buyukgungor, H. 1991. Pollution in Samsun coast of Black Sea. In: The Black Sea Symposium, Istanbul 16-18 September, Ecological Problems and Economical Prospects, Istanbul: 127-134.
  • Rampi, L. and Bernhard, M. 1978. Key for the determination of Mediterranean pelagic diatoms. C.N.E.N, Italy.
  • Shumway, S.E. 1990. A rewiev of the effects of algal blooms on shelŞsh and aquaculture. J. World Aquacult. Soc., 21: 65-104.
  • Sorokin, Y.I. 2002. The Black Sea: ecology and oceanography. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands, 875 pp.
  • Steidinger, K.A. and Tangen, K. 1996. Dinoflagellates. In: C.R. Tomas (Ed.), Identifying Marine Phytoplankton, Academic Press, San Diego: 387-584.
  • Stonik, I.V. and Selina, M.S. 1995. Phytoplankton as an indicator of eutrophic levels of water in Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan. Biol. Morya., 21: 403—406.
  • Throndsen, J. 1996. The planktonic marine ilagellates. C.R. Tomas (Ed.), Identifying marine phytoplankton, Academic Press, San Diego: 591-729.
  • Tregouboff, G. and Rose, M. 1957. Manuel de planctonologie Mediterraneenne. Paris: Centre National De la Recherche ScientiŞque, Paris, 587 pp.
  • Trobajo, R.P. 2007. Ecological analysis of periphytic diatoms in Mediterranean coastal wetlands (Emporda wetlands, NE Spain). Diatom Monogr., 7: 1-210.
  • Yilmaz, A. 2002. Biogeochemistry of the Turkish seas: distributions and transformations (in Turkish). Turk. J. Eng. Env. Sci., 26: 219—235.
  • Vollenweider, R.A., Gionovardi, F., Montanari, G. and Rinaldi, A. 1998. Characterization of the trophic conditions of marine coastal waters with special reference to the NW Adriatic Sea: proposal for a trophic scale, turbidity and generalized water quality index. Environmetrics, 9: 329-357.
  • Zaitsev, Y.V. and Mamaev, V.O. 1997. Biological Diversity in the Black Sea: A Study of Change and Decline. Black Sea Environmental Series, Vol. 3.

Temporal Variations of Phytoplankton in Relation to Eutrophication in Samsun Bay, Southern Black Sea

Year 2010, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, - , 01.06.2010

Ozgur Baytut Arif Gonulol Tufan Koray2v

Abstract

The goal of this study was to determine the monthly variations of phytoplankton composition in the least studied southern shores of the Black Sea with respect to environmental factors. This region is known to be one of the most eutrophic seas in the world. During the course of this research, carried out between October 2002 and September 2003, various samples were collected monthly from a depth of 0.50 m at five stations. A total of 129 taxa belonging to 5 divisions and 14 potentially HAB species was recorded during this research. Three peaks were observed in the total phytoplankton in October 2002, May and July 2003. These findings were also supported by chlorophyll a (chl a) concentrations and the biodiversity index of Shannon-Wiener (H'). TRIX indices were computed in order to identify the trophic level of the region and the research area was determined to be highly eutrophic. Three groups of samples were described by Hierarchical agglomerative clustering and Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) ordination. Species displaying a major role in discriminating the groups were Dactyliosolen fragilissimus (Bergon) G.R. Hassle, 1997, Nitzschia longissima (Brébisson) Ralfs in Pritchard, 1861, Proboscia alata (Brightwell) Sundström, 1986, Pseudonitzchia pungens (Grunow ex P.T. Cleve, 1897) Hasle, 1993 and Skeletonema costatum (Greville) P.T. Cleve, 1878 from diatoms, Prorocentrum micans Ehrenberg, 1833 from dinoflagellates and Eutreptia lanowii Steur 1904 from euglenoids.

Keywords

Black Sea chlorophyll-a eutrophication phytoplankton TRIX index

References

  • APHA. 1998. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. l9t11 Ed., American Public Health Association, Washington D.C.
  • Bat, L., Sahin, F., Satılmıs, H.H., Ustun, F., Ozdemir, Z.B., Kideys, A.E. and Shulrnan, GB 2007. Karadeniz’in değişen ekosistemi ve hamsi balıkçılığına etkisi. J.Fish Sci. Comm., 1(4): 191-227.
  • Bodeanu, N. 1984. ModiŞcations sous l’inşuence anthropique dans le developementquantitatif et dans la structure du phytoplancton du secteur roumain de la Mer Noire.Trav. Mus. Hist. Nat.Gr. Antipa, Bucuresti, 26: 69—83.
  • Clarke, K.R. and Warwick, R.M. 2001. Change in marine communities: an approach to statistical analysis and interpretation. 211d Ed., Primer-E, Plymouth, England, 190 pp.
  • Cupp, E.E. 1943. Marine plankton diatoms of the west coast of North America. Bull. Scripps Inst. Oceanogr., 5: 1- 237.
  • Fritz, L. and Triemer, R.E. 1985. A rapid simple technique utilizing calcofluor white M2R for visualization of dinoşagellate thecal plates. J. Phycol., 21: 662-664.
  • Gionovardi, F. and Vollenweider, R.A. 2004. Trophic conditions of marine coastal waters: experience in applying the Trophic Index TRIX to two areas of the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian Seas. J. Lirnnol., 63: 199- 218.
  • Gucu, A.C. 2002. Can overfıshing be responsible for the successful establishment of Mnemı'opsis leidyi in the Black Sea? Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 54: 439-451.
  • Guillard, R.R.Y. 1978. Counting slides. In: A. Sournia (Ed.), Phytoplankton Manual, UNESCO, Paris: 182- 189.
  • Hasle, G.R. and Syvertsen, E.E. 1996. Marine diatoms. In: C.R. Tomas (Ed.), Identifying marine phytoplankton, Academic Press, San Diego: 5-385.
  • Hasle, G.R., Lange, B.C. and Syvertsen, E.E. 1996. A review of Pseudonı'tzschia, with special reference to the Skagerrak, North Atlantic and adjacent waters. Helgoland, 50: 131-175.
  • John, D.M., Whitton, B.A. and Brook, A.J. 2003. The Freshwater Algal Flora of the British Isles: An identification guide to freshwater and terrestrial algae, The Natural History Museum and The British Phycological Society, Cambridge University Pres, Cambridge.
  • Kirk, J.T.O. 1994. Light and photosynthesis in aquatic ecosystems, 211d Ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 401 pp.
  • Konovalov, S.K. and Murray, J.W. 2001. Variations in the chemistry of the Black Sea on a time scale of decades (1960-1995). Journal of Marine Systems, 31: 217-243.
  • Konovalov, S.K., Murray, J.K. and Luther III, G. 2005. Basic processes of Black Sea Biochemistry. J. Oceanogr., 18: 24-35.
  • Mee, L.D., Friedrich, J. and Gomoiu, M.T. 2005. Restoring the Black Sea in times of uncertainty. J. Oceanogr., 18: 100-111.
  • Oguz, T., Malanotte-Rizzoli, P., Duckow, H.W. and Murray, W. 2002. Interdisciplinary studies integrating the Black Sea biogeochemistry and circulation dynamics. J. Oceanogr., 15: 4-11.
  • Oguz, T. 2005a. Long-term impacts of anthropogenic forcing on the Black Sea ecosystem. J. Oceanogr., 18: 112-121.
  • Oguz, T. 2005b. Black Sea ecosystem response to climatic teleconnections. J. Oceanogr., 18: 122-133.
  • Pinarli, V., Onar, N., Ozkoc, H. and Buyukgungor, H. 1991. Pollution in Samsun coast of Black Sea. In: The Black Sea Symposium, Istanbul 16-18 September, Ecological Problems and Economical Prospects, Istanbul: 127-134.
  • Rampi, L. and Bernhard, M. 1978. Key for the determination of Mediterranean pelagic diatoms. C.N.E.N, Italy.
  • Shumway, S.E. 1990. A rewiev of the effects of algal blooms on shelŞsh and aquaculture. J. World Aquacult. Soc., 21: 65-104.
  • Sorokin, Y.I. 2002. The Black Sea: ecology and oceanography. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands, 875 pp.
  • Steidinger, K.A. and Tangen, K. 1996. Dinoflagellates. In: C.R. Tomas (Ed.), Identifying Marine Phytoplankton, Academic Press, San Diego: 387-584.
  • Stonik, I.V. and Selina, M.S. 1995. Phytoplankton as an indicator of eutrophic levels of water in Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan. Biol. Morya., 21: 403—406.
  • Throndsen, J. 1996. The planktonic marine ilagellates. C.R. Tomas (Ed.), Identifying marine phytoplankton, Academic Press, San Diego: 591-729.
  • Tregouboff, G. and Rose, M. 1957. Manuel de planctonologie Mediterraneenne. Paris: Centre National De la Recherche ScientiŞque, Paris, 587 pp.
  • Trobajo, R.P. 2007. Ecological analysis of periphytic diatoms in Mediterranean coastal wetlands (Emporda wetlands, NE Spain). Diatom Monogr., 7: 1-210.
  • Yilmaz, A. 2002. Biogeochemistry of the Turkish seas: distributions and transformations (in Turkish). Turk. J. Eng. Env. Sci., 26: 219—235.
  • Vollenweider, R.A., Gionovardi, F., Montanari, G. and Rinaldi, A. 1998. Characterization of the trophic conditions of marine coastal waters with special reference to the NW Adriatic Sea: proposal for a trophic scale, turbidity and generalized water quality index. Environmetrics, 9: 329-357.
  • Zaitsev, Y.V. and Mamaev, V.O. 1997. Biological Diversity in the Black Sea: A Study of Change and Decline. Black Sea Environmental Series, Vol. 3.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ozgur Baytut This is me

Arif Gonulol This is me

Tufan Koray2v This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2010
Published in Issue Year 2010 Volume: 10 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Baytut, O., Gonulol, A., & Koray2v, T. (2010). Temporal Variations of Phytoplankton in Relation to Eutrophication in Samsun Bay, Southern Black Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 10(3).
AMA Baytut O, Gonulol A, Koray2v T. Temporal Variations of Phytoplankton in Relation to Eutrophication in Samsun Bay, Southern Black Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. June 2010;10(3).
Chicago Baytut, Ozgur, Arif Gonulol, and Tufan Koray2v. “Temporal Variations of Phytoplankton in Relation to Eutrophication in Samsun Bay, Southern Black Sea”. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 10, no. 3 (June 2010).
EndNote Baytut O, Gonulol A, Koray2v T (June 1, 2010) Temporal Variations of Phytoplankton in Relation to Eutrophication in Samsun Bay, Southern Black Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 10 3
IEEE O. Baytut, A. Gonulol, and T. Koray2v, “Temporal Variations of Phytoplankton in Relation to Eutrophication in Samsun Bay, Southern Black Sea”, Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol. 10, no. 3, 2010.
ISNAD Baytut, Ozgur et al. “Temporal Variations of Phytoplankton in Relation to Eutrophication in Samsun Bay, Southern Black Sea”. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 10/3 (June 2010).
JAMA Baytut O, Gonulol A, Koray2v T. Temporal Variations of Phytoplankton in Relation to Eutrophication in Samsun Bay, Southern Black Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 2010;10.
MLA Baytut, Ozgur et al. “Temporal Variations of Phytoplankton in Relation to Eutrophication in Samsun Bay, Southern Black Sea”. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol. 10, no. 3, 2010.
Vancouver Baytut O, Gonulol A, Koray2v T. Temporal Variations of Phytoplankton in Relation to Eutrophication in Samsun Bay, Southern Black Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 2010;10(3).