Acetamiprid'in Cyprinus carpio da Genotoksik Etkisinin Mikronükleus Analizi ve Comet Testi ile Araştırılması

Abstract

Pestisitler, sucul ekosistemlerdeki en büyük ekonomik ve ekolojik sorunlardan biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Suda yaşayan organizmalar üzerinde farklı insektisitlerin verdiği toksik etki izlenerek zararlı etkilerin azaltılması halk sağlığı açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışmada Asetamiprid’nin model organizma olan Cyprinus carpio'da genotoksik etkilerini Mikronükleus testi ve Comet testi ile belirlenmiştir. Sazan balıkları (ortalama ağırlık 1,35 ± 0,11 g) ortamdaki konsantrasyona bağlı olarak üç farklı asetamipridin konsantrasyonuna (0,2, 0,4 ve 0,8 g/L) maruz bırakılmıştır. Uygulama bir hafta uygulanarak akut test değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonunda, Sazanların solungaç ve karaciğer dokularına Comet testi uygulanarak Hasar sıklığı (%), Arbitrary unit ve Genetik hasar indeksi (%) değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca mikronükleus test tekniği ile sazan balıklarının kırmızı kan hücrelerinde mikronükleus frekansı hesaplanarak eritrosit anormallikleri saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak; Asetamiprid maruz bırakılan C. carpio'da çekirdek anomaliliği ve DNA yapısında önemli farklılıklar gözlemlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular ayrıca; pestisitlerin sucul sistemdeki genotoksik etkilerinin değerlendirilmesinde comet testi ve mikronükleus test tekniğinin uygunluğunu da göstermiştir.

Keywords

• DNA hasarı
• Cyprinus carpio
• Mikronükleus test
• Comet test
• Acetamiprid
• Pestisit

Investigation of the Genotoxic Effect of Acetamiprid in Cyprinus carpio Using the Micronucleus Analysis and the Comet Assay

Abstract

Pesticides are considered to be one of the biggest economic and ecological problems in the aquatic ecosystem. Monitoring for toxic effects and screening for different insecticides is vital and crucial for reducing adverse effects on aquatic organisms and public health. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine genotoxic effect of acetamipridine in a model fish species, Cyprinus carpio, using the micronucleus test and Comet assay. Common carp (average weight of 1.35 ±0.11g) were exposed to three different concentrations of acetamipridine (0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 g/L) based on previously detected aquatic environmental concentrations, constituting an acute test for a week. At the end of study, the Damage frequency (%), Arbitrary unit and Genetic damage index (%) were evaluated in gill and liver cells of carp by Comet assay. Also, micronucleus frequencies and erythrocyte abnormalities were determined in erythrocytes cells of carp by micronucleus test. Our results revealed significant increases in the frequencies of micronuclei and DNA strand breaks in C. carpio, following exposure to acetamipridine and thus demonstrated the genotoxic potential of this pesticide on fish. Our findings also indicated the suitability of the fish micronucleus test and comet assay in assessment of aquatic genotoxicity of insecticides.

Keywords

• DNA damage
• Acetamipridine
• Micronucleus test
• Comet assay
• Pesticide
• Cyprinus carpio

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