Balıkçı Gemilerinde Yakıt Tüketiminin Tespiti ve Azaltılması

Abstract

Uluslararası alanda yaygın şekilde incelenmekte olan balıkçı gemilerinde yakıt tüketimi ve tasarrufu konusu Türkiye balıkçılığı açısından da büyük önem arz etmektedir. Motorize teknelerin yaygınlaşmasıyla, yakıt giderleri toplam balıkçılık giderlerinin %50’sine kadar çıkabilmekte ve balıkçılık sektöründe ekonomik sürdürebilirliği tehdit etmektedir. Bu çalışma yakıt tasarrufuna etki eden faktörleri işletimsel ve teknik değişiklikler üzerinden derlemekte ve balıkçı gemilerinde enerji etkinliğini arttırmaya yönelik potansiyel iyileştirmeler önermektedir. İşletimsel alanda en önemli faktörlerin; enerji etüdü, yakıt sayacı takılması, seyir ve çekim hızının azaltılması, periyodik bakımların yapılması olduğu görülmüş ve %50’ye varan tasarruf elde edilmiştir. Teknik değişikliklerde ise; uygun makine, şanzıman ve pervanenin seçilmesi, teknenin hidrodinamik yapısının iyileştirilmesi, av araçlarının modernizasyonu ile sürüklenme kuvvetinin azaltılması ön planda yapılan değişiklikler olarak ortaya çıkmıştır ve %40’a varan tasarruf elde edilmiştir. Enerji tasarrufuna yönelik değişimler ilk aşamada yatırım maliyeti gerektirse de uzun vadede balıkçılığın ekonomik sürdürülebilirliğine ve ekosistem dostu bir faaliyet olmasına katkı sağlayacaktır.

Keywords

• Balıkçı gemileri,yakıt tüketimi,enerji etkinliği,ekosistem etkisi

Detection and Reduction of Fuel Consumption in Fishing Vessels

Abstract

Subject of fuel consumption and savings in fishing vessels which is extensively studied in the international arena also have great importance for Turkish fisheries. With the widespread use of motorized fishing vessels, it is realized that fuel costs could reach up to 50% of total fishing costs and could threaten economic sustainability of fishing industry. This study reviews up to date influential fuel-saving factors in terms of operational

and technical modifications, and suggests potential improvements to increase energy efficiency in fishing vessels. The most important factors in the operational area are seen as: Energy audit,flowmeter installation, reduction of cruising and trawling speeds, periodical maintenance, and savings up to %50 are achieved. In terms of technical modifications: Choosing the appropriate engine, gearbox and propeller, improving hydrodynamic structure of vessel, and reduction of drag force through modernisation of fishing gears appear as changes made in the first plan, and savings up to %40 are achieved. Although changes for energy saving requires initial investment cost, it will contribute to economic sustainability and ecosystem-friendliness of fishing activities in the long term.

Keywords

• Fishing vessels,fuel consumption,energy efficiency,ecosystem effect

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