Türk Bayraklı Ticaret Gemilerinin Paris MoU’daki Liman Devleti Kontrolü (PSC) Performansının Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Günümüzde, dünya mal ticaretinin yaklaşık %90’ı denizyoluyla yapılmakta olup ticaret gemileri uluslararası lojistik, tedarik ve taşımacılık zincirinin en önemli unsurlarını teşkil etmektedir. Gemilerin emniyet standartlarına ilişkin birincil sorumluluk Bayrak Devletine ait olmakla birlikte, standart altı gemilerin tespitinde PSC bir "güvenlik ağı" sağlamaktadır. Literatürdeki birçok çalışma, PSC'nin sadece gemilerin güvenliğini artırmak için değil, aynı zamanda deniz güvenliği ve deniz çevresinin korumasını sağlamak için de çok önemli bir araç olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bugüne kadar, PSC bağlamında dokuz bölgesel anlaşma yapılmış olup en önemlilerinden biri Paris MoU’dur. Bu çalışmada, Türk bayraklı ticaret gemilerinin Paris MoU'daki PSC performansının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, Türk bayraklı ticaret gemilerinin Paris MoU'daki PSC performansını değerlendirmede “Excess Faktör (EF)” ve “Tutulma Oranı” göstergeleri kullanılmıştır. Sonuç itibariyle, Türk bayraklı gemilerin 2008-2018 yılları arasındaki EF değerlerinin sıfırına altında olduğu ve 2015-2016 arasında tutulma oranları önceki yıllara göre oldukça artmış olsa da özellikle 2018 yılındaki %2,30’luk tutulma oranının Paris MoU’daki ortalama tutulma oranının (%3.15) altında olduğu görülmüştür. Dolayısıyla, günümüzde Türk bayraklı gemiler Paris MoU’da her iki gösterge açısından da “iyi” denilebilecek bir PSC performansına sahip olmakla birlikte, söz konusu performansın sürdürülmesine yönelik olarak bazı öneriler sunulmuştur.

Keywords

• Liman Devleti Kontrolü
• Türk Bayraklı Ticaret Gemileri
• Paris MoU
• Deniz Emniyeti
• Denizcilik İşletmeciliği

Evaluation of Port State Control (PSC) Performance of Turkish Flagged Merchant Ships in Paris Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on PSC

Abstract

Today, about 90% of the world commodity trade is carried out by sea and merchant ships are the most important elements of the international logistics, supply and transportation chain. The primary responsibility for ships' safety standards rests with the flag State but PSC provides a "safety net" to catch identify sub-standard ships. Many studies in the literature show that the PSC is a very important tool not only to improve the safety of ships but also to enhance the maritime safety and marine environmental protection. To date, there have been nine regional agreements established on PSC and one of the most important of those is the Paris MoU. In this study, it is aimed to carry out an evaluation of PSC performance of the Turkish flagged merchant ships in the Paris MoU. With this aim, “Excess Factor (EF)” and “Detention Rate” indicators have been used for carrying out an overview of PSC performance of the Turkish flagged merchant ships in the Paris MoU.
As a result, it has been observed that the Turkish flagged ships have EF values lower than zero between 2008 and 2018 and have a detention rate (2.30% in 2018) below than 3.15% in the Paris MoU, although the detention rates increased extremely in 2015 and 2016 compared to previous years. Accordingly, it seems that Turkish flagged ships have recently a “good” PSC performance in the Paris MoU from the view of both indicators, however, some recommendations for the sustainability of this performance have also been presented.

Keywords

• Port State Control
• Turkish Flagged Merchant Ships
• Paris MoU
• Maritime Safety
• Maritime Business Management

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