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Sewage Treatment Systems of Cruise Ships and The Parameters Affect on Dilution of Effluent at Sea

Year 2015, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 30 - 36, 01.11.2015

Abstract

Cruise ships play an inevitable role in tourism sector across the world.Increasing in cruise ship tourism accompanies with significant environmental problems. Due to both size of cruise ships and the amount of passengers and consumables, cruise ships have a great potential for producing considerable amounts of wastes. Various types of wastes are produced in cruise ships depending on the daily consumptions of these wastes. Sewage, which consists mainly the toilet wastes, is the most important problem. Sewage contains various types of heavy metal,chemicals and pathogens that have harmful effects on marine species and ecosystem. Many national and international regulations and conventions are established in order to prevent the harmful effects of wastes. Studies on preventing and minimizing ship-related pollution contribute to both developing new waste management systems and forming new procedures for removing the wastes in both ship and port. In this study, Marine Sanitation Device (MSD) and Advanced Wastewater Treatment (AWT) and treatment procedures are investigated. ‘Dilution factor’ obtained by theoretical and experimental studies is explained indetail and variation of dilution factor depending on ship dimensions andvelocity is investigated.Keywords: Ship, cruise ship, sewage, treatment plants, MSD, AWT, dilution factor

References

  • Annex IV of MARPOL 73/78, Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships, 20.01.2015 tarihinde http://www.mpa.gov.sg/sites/circulars_and_notices /pdfs/shipping_circulars/mc03-18a.pdf adresinden alınmıştır.
  • EPA, United States Enviromental Protection Agency, Cruise Ship Discharge Assessment Report, December 29, 2008.
  • Koboević, Ž., Kurtela, Ž., Comparison of marine sewage treatment systems , 24.12.2014 tarihinde https://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/570916.COMPARISON _OF_MARINE_SEWAGE_TREATMENT_SYST EMS.pdf adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Hamworthy Membrabe Bioreactor Kataloğu, 03.02.2015 tarihinde http://www.hamworthy.com/PageFiles/205/Membr ane%20Bioreactor%20BROCHURE.pdf adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Science Advisory Panel for Commercial Passenger Vessel Wastewater Discharge, Report to The Alaska Cruise Ship İnitiative. Near Field Dispersion of Wastewater Behind a Moving Large Cruise Ship, 02.04.2015 tarihind Annex IV of MARPOL 73/78, Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships, 20.01.2015 tarihinde
  • Loehr, L., Beegle-Krause, C. J.,George, K., McGee, C., Mearns A.,Atkinson, M., (2006). The significance of dilution in evaulating possible impacts, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 52: 681 – 688
  • Science Advisory Panel and Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation, The Impact of Cruise Ship Wastewater Discharge on Alaska Waters, Report on Commercial Passenger Vessel Enviromental Compliance Program, Section I, 11.04.2015 tarihinde http://dec.alaska.gov/water/cruise_ships/pdfs/impa ctofcruiseship.pdf adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Loehr, L., Atkinson M.., George, K., BeegleKrause, C. J., 2003. Using a Simple Dilution Model to Estimate Wastewater Contaminant Concentrations Behind Moving Passenger Vessels, OCEANS 2003, Vol.1, 390-393, San Diego, CA, USA
  • Heinen, E., Potts, K., Snow, L., Trulli, W., Redford, D., 2003. Dilution of wastewater discharges from moving cruise ships, OCEANS 2003, Volume 1, 386-389, San Diego, CA, USA.

Yolcu Gemilerinde Sewage Arıtma Sistemleri ve Atıkların Denizde Seyrelmesine

Year 2015, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 30 - 36, 01.11.2015

Abstract

Tüm dünyada ‘kruvaziyer’ olarak bilinen yolcu gemileri, turizm sektöründe oldukça büyük bir yere sahiptir. Yolcu gemisi turizmi büyüdükçe beraberinde çevresel açıdan büyük sorunlar meydana getirmektedir. Yolcu gemileri, gerek boyutları gerekse taşıdıkları yolcu ve tüketilen madde miktarı açısından dikkate değer oranda atık üretme potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu gemilerde, yolcuların günlük tüketimlerine bağlı olarak çeşitli atıklar meydana gelmektedir. Okyanuslara ve denizlere boşaltılan ve tuvalet/lavabo atıklarından oluşan sewage bu sorunların başında gelmektedir. Gemi kanalizasyonu olarak bilinen sewage içeriğinde deniz canlıları ve ekosistemi için zararlı olan birçok ağır metaller, kimyasal bileşenler ve patojenler bulundurmaktadır. Artan bu kirliliğin, okyanusların ve denizlerin bir çöp yığınına dönüşmesini engellemek adına birçok ulusal ve uluslararası düzenlemeler ve sözleşmeler oluşturulmuştur. Gemi kaynaklı kirliliği önleme ve azaltma konusunda yapılan çalışmalar, beraberinde yeni atık arıtım sistemlerinin geliştirilmesine ve atık yönetim sistemi içerisinde hem gemide hem de liman tesislerinde atığın sağlıklı bir şekilde bertarafına yönelik yeni prosedürlerin oluşmasına olanak sağlamıştır. Bu çalışmada gemi sewage arıtım sistemleri olan Deniz Sağlığı Koruma Cihazları (Marine Sanitation Device-MSD) ve Gelişmiş Atık Su Arıtma Sistemleri (Advanced Wastewater Treatment-AWT) incelenmiş ve arıtma prosesleri hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Değişik zamanlarda yapılmış olan deneysel ve teorik çalışmalar sonucunda bulunan ‘seyrelme faktörü’ hakkında bilgi verilerek seyrelme faktörünün gemi boyutları ve gemi hızına bağlı olarak değişimi incelenmiştir

References

  • Annex IV of MARPOL 73/78, Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships, 20.01.2015 tarihinde http://www.mpa.gov.sg/sites/circulars_and_notices /pdfs/shipping_circulars/mc03-18a.pdf adresinden alınmıştır.
  • EPA, United States Enviromental Protection Agency, Cruise Ship Discharge Assessment Report, December 29, 2008.
  • Koboević, Ž., Kurtela, Ž., Comparison of marine sewage treatment systems , 24.12.2014 tarihinde https://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/570916.COMPARISON _OF_MARINE_SEWAGE_TREATMENT_SYST EMS.pdf adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Hamworthy Membrabe Bioreactor Kataloğu, 03.02.2015 tarihinde http://www.hamworthy.com/PageFiles/205/Membr ane%20Bioreactor%20BROCHURE.pdf adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Science Advisory Panel for Commercial Passenger Vessel Wastewater Discharge, Report to The Alaska Cruise Ship İnitiative. Near Field Dispersion of Wastewater Behind a Moving Large Cruise Ship, 02.04.2015 tarihind Annex IV of MARPOL 73/78, Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships, 20.01.2015 tarihinde
  • Loehr, L., Beegle-Krause, C. J.,George, K., McGee, C., Mearns A.,Atkinson, M., (2006). The significance of dilution in evaulating possible impacts, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 52: 681 – 688
  • Science Advisory Panel and Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation, The Impact of Cruise Ship Wastewater Discharge on Alaska Waters, Report on Commercial Passenger Vessel Enviromental Compliance Program, Section I, 11.04.2015 tarihinde http://dec.alaska.gov/water/cruise_ships/pdfs/impa ctofcruiseship.pdf adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Loehr, L., Atkinson M.., George, K., BeegleKrause, C. J., 2003. Using a Simple Dilution Model to Estimate Wastewater Contaminant Concentrations Behind Moving Passenger Vessels, OCEANS 2003, Vol.1, 390-393, San Diego, CA, USA
  • Heinen, E., Potts, K., Snow, L., Trulli, W., Redford, D., 2003. Dilution of wastewater discharges from moving cruise ships, OCEANS 2003, Volume 1, 386-389, San Diego, CA, USA.
There are 9 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA94FA22MU
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Volkan Şahin

Nurten Vardar This is me

Publication Date November 1, 2015
Submission Date November 1, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Şahin, V., & Vardar, N. (2015). Sewage Treatment Systems of Cruise Ships and The Parameters Affect on Dilution of Effluent at Sea. Turkish Journal of Maritime and Marine Sciences, 1(1), 30-36.

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