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The State of Black Sea Fisheries: Evaluation of the Anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus Fisheries

Year 2017, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 81 - 95, 01.12.2017

Abstract

In this study, fisheries statistics were investigated in the Black Sea from 1950 to 2014 and the history and current state of especially anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus fishery were evaluated. Catch statistics of countries were taken from “www.seaaroundus.org” and FAO fisheries statistics. As known, fish stocks in the Black Sea are shared among the bordering countries. Results of the study showed that the most annual catch was caught obtained by Turkey with mean 200200 tons yr-1 since 1950. This country was followed by Georgia (41900 tons), Russia Federation (40900 tons), Ukraine (23200 tons), Romania (1300 tons) and Bulgaria (100 tons), respectively. Total fish landings in the Black Sea were around 400000 tons yr-1 in the 1950s and 600000 tons yr-1 in the 1960s and 70s. It reached about 1.4 million tons yr-1 in the 1980s, with the development of the small pelagic fishery in the area. Then, they fell sharply to less than 500000 tons yr-1 in 1991. Since the beginning of the 1990s, the annual total catch was around 800000 tons yr-1. Anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) is distributed over the whole the Black Sea and its mean annual catch was average 74500 tons yr-1 in the 1950s. Although, anchovy catch rose sharply 586800 tons yr-1 in the 1980s, it decreased 346900 tons yr-1 in the 1990s and 469200 tons yr-1 in the 2000s. During 1950-2010, the proportion of Turkey in the mean anchovy catch was 63.9%. Proportions of the other riparian countries were 14.5, 13.7, 7.4, 0.4 and 0.1% for Georgia, Russia Federation, Ukraine, Romania and Bulgaria, respectively.

References

  • Plounevez, S., Champalbert, G., (2000). Diet, feeding behaviour and trophic activity of the anchovy
  • (Engraulis encrasicolus L.) in the Gulf of Lions (Mediterranean Sea). Oceanol. Acta. 23: 175-192. Chashchin, A.K., (1996). The Black Sea populations of anchovy. Sci. Mar. 60: 219-225.
  • Daskalov, G. M., (2003). Long-term changes in fish abundance and environmental indices in the Black
  • Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 255: 259-270. Guraslan, C., Fach, B. A., Oguz, T., (2014).
  • Modeling the impact of climate variability on Black Sea anchovy recruitment and production. Fisheries Oceanography doi:10.1111/fog.12080
  • European Parliament, (2010). Fisheries in The Black Sea. Directorate General for Internal Policies Policy Department B: Structural And Cohesion Policies Fisheries. Daskalov, G. M., Grishin, A. N., Rodionov, S., Mihneva, V., (2007). Trophic cascades triggered by overfishing reveal possible mechanisms of ecosystem regime shifts. PNAS 104 (25): 10518
  • Pusanov, I. I. (1936). The Anchovy, Uchanyia zapiski
  • Gorkovskogo Gos. unta. Danilevsky, N. N., (1964). The most important factors determining a period and region of fishery schooling of the Black Sea anchovy. Trudy AzcherNIRO 22: 115-124.
  • Gucu, A. C. (1997). Role of fishing in the Black Sea ecosystem. In: Sensitivity to change: Black Sea,
  • Baltic Sea and North Sea, (E. Özsoy, A. Mikaelyan eds.), Environment, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 149-162, NATO ASI Series 2. Nikolsky, G. V., (1965). The theory of the dynamics of fish stock, will publish "Nauka", Moscow.
  • Tokarev, Y., Shulman, G., (2007). Biodiversity in
  • Enclosed Seas and Artificial Marine Habitats Developments in Hydrobiology. Biodiversity in the Black Sea: effects of climate and anthropogenic factors 193: 23-33. Ulman, A., Bekişoğlu, Ş., Zengin, M., Knudsen, S., Ünal, V., Mathews, C., Harper, S., Zeller, D., Pauly, D., (2013). From bonito to anchovy: a reconstruction of Turkey’s marine fisheries catches (1950-2010).
  • Mediterranean Marine Sciences 14 (2): 309-342. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.414
  • Unluata, U., Oguz, T., Latif, M. A., Ozsoy, E., (1990). On the Physical Oceanography of the Turkish
  • Straits. In: The Physical Oceanography of Sea Straits, (L.J. Pratt ed.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, NATO/ASI Series, 318, pp 26-60, Dordrecht. Oguz, T., Akoglu, E., Salihoglu, B., (2012). Current state of overfishing and its regional differences in the Black Sea. Ocean and Coastal Management 58: 47
  • URL-1, (2017). http://www.seaaroundus.org/
  • FAO, (2016). The State of Mediterranean and Black Sea Fisheries. General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean, Rome, Italy. Ozturk, B., (2013). Nature and Extent of the Illegal,
  • Unreported and Unregualted (IUU) Fishing in The Black Sea. GFCM, The Commission on The Protection of The Black Sea Against Pollution, Background paper for the Workshop Joint GFCM- BSC Workshop on Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing in the Black Sea, pp. 25-53, İstanbul, Turkey. Lisovenko, L. A., Andrianov, D. P., (1996).
  • Reproductive biology of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus ponticus Alexandrov 1927) in the Black
  • Sea. Sci. Mar. 60 (Supl. 2): 209-218. Alexandrov, A. I., (1927). The anchovy of the Azov
  • Black Sea region, its origin and taxonomic designation. Trudy Kerch Nauch. Ryb. Stant 1: 37-93. Mayorova, A. A., (1934). A taxonomic position of the anchovy fished out off Georgia. Trudy Nauch. Ryb. Stant. Gruzii 1: 7-19.
  • Mayorova, A. A. (1951). Biology and fishery of the Black Sea anchovy. Simferopol.
  • Popova, V. P., (1954). The Black Sea period of the life of the Azov anchovy. Trudy VNIRO 28: 65-74.
  • Kornilova, V .P., (1960). Biology and fishery of the Azov anchovy. Trudy Azcher NIRO l8: 50-73.
  • Fashchuk, D. Y., Samyshev, E. Z., Sebakh, L. K., Shlyakhov, V. A., (1991). Forms of anthropogenic impact on the Black Sea ecosystem and its state under modern conditions. Journal of Ecology of the Sea 38: 28.
  • Daskalov, G., (1999). Relating fish recruitment to stock biomass and physical environment in the Black
  • Sea using generalised additive models. Fisheries Research 41: 1-23. Ivanov, L., Beverton, R. J. H., (1985). The fisheries resources of the Mediterranean. Part two: Black Sea.
  • Etud. Rev. CGPM/Stud. Rev. GFCM. Grishin, A., Daskalov, G., Shlyakhov, V., Mihneva, V., (2007). Influence of gelatinous zooplankton on fish stocks in the Black Sea: analysis of biological time-series. Marine Ecological Journal 6(2): 5-24.
  • Oguz, T., Gilbert, D., (2007). Abrupt transitions of the top-down controlled Black Sea pelagic ecosystem during 1960–2000: evidence for regime shifts under strong fishery exploitation and nutrient enrichment modulated by climate-induced variations. Deep Sea Research 54: 220-242.
  • Duzgunes, E., Erdogan, N., (2008). Fisheries
  • Management in the Black Sea Countries. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 8: 181- Knudsen, S., (2008). GFCM Black Sea programme: preliminary elements for a project framework.
  • GFCM: XXXII/2008/Dma.4 Strengthening cooperation in the Black Sea, Attachment 3.
  • Oguz, T., Fach, B., Salihoglu, B., (2008). Invasion dynamics of the alien ctenophore
  • Mnemiopsis leidyi and its impact on anchovy collapse in the Black Sea. Journal of Plankton Research 30: 1385-1397.
  • Knudsen, S., Zengin, M., Kocak, M. H., (2010).
  • Identifying drivers for fishing pressure. A multidisciplinary study of trawl and sea snail fisheries in Samsun, Black Sea coast of Turkey. Ocean and Coastal Management 53: 252-269. ICES, (2010). Report of the Workshop on Age reading of European anchovy (WKARA), ICES CM
  • /ACOM, 43, 9-13 November 2009, Sicily, Italy. Sahin, C., Hacımurtazaoğlu, N., (2013). Abundance and distribution of eggs and larvae of anchovy
  • (Engraulis encrasicolus, Linnaeus, 1758) and horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus, Steindachner, ) on the coasts of the eastern Black Sea. Turk J Zool. 37: 773-781. Gucu, A. C., Emek Inanmaz, O., Ok, M., Sakınan, S., (2016). Recent changes in the spawning grounds of
  • Black Sea anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus. Fisheries Oceanography 25 (1): 67-84. URL-2, (2017). http://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/GFCM- capture-production/query/en URL-3, (2017). http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1005 URL-4, (2017). http://www.tarim.gov.tr/sgb/Belgeler/SagMenuVeril er/BSGM.pdf
  • Maximov, V., Staicu, I., (2008). Evolutıon of demersal fish species catches from the Romanian marine area between 2000 and 2007. Cercetari Marine 38: 305-323.
  • Knudsen, S., Toje, H., (2008). Post-Soviet transformations in Russian and Ukrainian Black
  • Sea fisheries: socio-economic dynamics and property relations. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies (1): 17-32. Caddy, J.F., (2008). Recent experience and future options for fisheries assessment and management in the Black Sea: A GFCM perspective. GFCM: XXXII/2008/Dma.4
  • Strengthening cooperation in the Black Sea, Attachment 1. Daskalov, G. M., (2002). Overfishing drives a trophic cascade in the Black Sea. Marine Ecology -Progress Series 225: 53-63.
  • Shiganova, T. A., Bulgakova, Y. V., (2000). Effects of gelatinous plankton on Black Sea and Sea of Azov fish and their food resources. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 57: 648.
  • Birkun, A. Jr., (2008). The state of cetacean populations. In: State of the Environment of the Black Sea (2001-2006/7), (T. Oğuz eds.), pp. 365- , Istanbul, Turkey, The Commission on the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution (BSC).
  • Zengin, M., Dincer, A.C., (2006). Distribution and seasonal movement of Atlantic bonito (Sarda sarda) populations in the Southern Black Sea coasts. Turkish
  • Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 6: 57-62. Mee, L. D., Friedrich, J., Gomoiu, M. T., (2005).
  • Restoring the Black Sea in times of uncertainty. Oceanography 18: 32-43. Whitehead, P. J. P., (1985). FAO Species Catalogue.
  • Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeioidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 1-Chirocentridae, Clupeidae and Pristigasteridae. FAO Fish. Synop, (No. 125 (7/1): 1-303). Alexandrov, M. L., Cernisencu, I., Bloesch, J. 2008.
  • History and concepts of sustainable fishery in Tasaul Lake, Romania. GeoEcoMarina Proceedings of the Swiss-Romanian Environmental Science and Technology, pp. 61-71. Programme on FAO, (2011). Review of the state of world marine fishery resources. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture
  • Technical Paper No. 569, p. 334, Rome, Italy. Ludwig, W., Dumont, E., Meybeck, M., Heussner, S., (2009). River discharges of water and nutrients to the Mediterranean Sea: Major drivers for ecosystem changes during past and future decades. Prog. Oceanogr. 80: 199-217.
  • Shlyakhov, V. A., Chashchin, A. K., Korkosh, N. I., (1990). Intensity of fisheries and Dynamics of Black
  • Sea Anchovy Stock. Biological resources of the Black Sea. VNIRO 93-102. Prodanov, K., Mikhailov, K., Daskalov, G.M., Maxim, K., Chashchin, A., Arkhipov, A., Shlyakhov, V., Ozdamar, E., (1997). Environmental management of fish resources in the Black Sea and their rational exploitation. Studies and Reviews, GFCM 68, FAO, Rome.
  • Zaitsev, Y., (1993). Impact of eutrophication on the Black Sea fauna. Studies and Reviews GFCM-FAO., : 63–86.
  • Vinogradov, M. E., Shushkina, E. A., Lukasheva, T. A., (2005). Population dynamics of the ctenophores
  • Mnemiopsis leidyi and Boroe ovata as a predator– prey system in the near-shore communities of the Black Sea. Oceanology 45: 161-167. Vinogradov, M. E., Shushkina, E. A., Musaeva, E. I., Sorokin, P. Y., (1989). A newly acclimated species in the Black Sea: the ctenophpre Mnemiopsis leidyi
  • (Ctenophore: Lobata). Oceanology 29: 220-224. STECF, (2013). Scientific, Technical and Economic
  • Committee for Fisheries (STECF) – 2013 Assessment of Black Sea stocks (STECF 13–20), Luxembourg:
  • Publications Office of the European Union. BSC, (2008). State of the Environment of the Black
  • Sea (2001-2006/7), The Commission on the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution Publication.
  • Gucu, A. C., (2016). Türk Hamsisi. Sür-Koop Haber

Karadeniz Balıkçılığının Durumu: Hamsi (Engraulis encrasicolus) Balıkçılığının Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2017, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 81 - 95, 01.12.2017

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Karadeniz'de 1950 ile 2014 yılları arasındaki avcılık istatistikleri araştırılmış ve özellikle Hamsi, Engraulis encrasicolus balıkçılığının geçmişi ve bugünkü durumu değerlendirilmiştir. Ülkelerin avcılık verileri “www.seaaroundus.org” ve FAO balıkçılık istatistiklerinden alınmıştır. Bilindiği üzere, Karadeniz'deki balık stokları kıyısı bulunan ülkeler tarafından paylaşılmaktadır. Araştırma sonuçları, 1950 yılından bu yana ortalama 200.200 ton yıl-1ile Türkiye'nin Karadeniz’den en fazla su ürünleri avcılığı yapan ülke olduğunu göstermiştir. Türkiye’yi sırasıyla Gürcistan (41900 ton), Rusya Federasyonu (40900 ton), Ukrayna (23200 ton), Romanya (1300 ton) ve Bulgaristan (100 ton) izlemiştir. Karadeniz'den elde edilen toplam su ürünleri üretimi 1950'li yıllarda 400000 ton yıl-1, 1960'lı ve 70'li yıllarda 600000 ton yıl-1civarındaydı. Bu miktar, küçük pelajik balıkçılığın gelişmesiyle 1980'lerde yaklaşık 1.4 milyon ton yıl-1’a ulaşmıştır. Ne var ki sonraki dönemlerde ise, 1991'de 500000 ton yıl1’ın altına düşmüştür. 1990'ların başından bu yana yıllık toplam av miktarı yaklaşık 800000 ton yıl-1’dır. Hamsi, Karadeniz'in tamamında dağılım gösteren bir türdür ve 1950'lerdeki yıllık av miktarı ortalama 74500 ton yıl-1’dır. 1980'lerde ise bu miktar 586800 ton yıl-1’a yükselmiş, ancak 1990'larda 346900 ton yıl-1, 2000'lerde 469200 ton yıl-1’a düşmüştür. 1950-2010 döneminde, Türkiye’nin hamsi avındaki payı ortalama %63.9'dur. Diğer kıyıdaş ülkelerden, Gürcistan, Rusya Federasyonu, Ukrayna, Romanya ve Bulgaristan’ın payları ise sırasıyla 14.5, 13.7, 7.4, 0.4 ve % 0.1'dir

References

  • Plounevez, S., Champalbert, G., (2000). Diet, feeding behaviour and trophic activity of the anchovy
  • (Engraulis encrasicolus L.) in the Gulf of Lions (Mediterranean Sea). Oceanol. Acta. 23: 175-192. Chashchin, A.K., (1996). The Black Sea populations of anchovy. Sci. Mar. 60: 219-225.
  • Daskalov, G. M., (2003). Long-term changes in fish abundance and environmental indices in the Black
  • Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 255: 259-270. Guraslan, C., Fach, B. A., Oguz, T., (2014).
  • Modeling the impact of climate variability on Black Sea anchovy recruitment and production. Fisheries Oceanography doi:10.1111/fog.12080
  • European Parliament, (2010). Fisheries in The Black Sea. Directorate General for Internal Policies Policy Department B: Structural And Cohesion Policies Fisheries. Daskalov, G. M., Grishin, A. N., Rodionov, S., Mihneva, V., (2007). Trophic cascades triggered by overfishing reveal possible mechanisms of ecosystem regime shifts. PNAS 104 (25): 10518
  • Pusanov, I. I. (1936). The Anchovy, Uchanyia zapiski
  • Gorkovskogo Gos. unta. Danilevsky, N. N., (1964). The most important factors determining a period and region of fishery schooling of the Black Sea anchovy. Trudy AzcherNIRO 22: 115-124.
  • Gucu, A. C. (1997). Role of fishing in the Black Sea ecosystem. In: Sensitivity to change: Black Sea,
  • Baltic Sea and North Sea, (E. Özsoy, A. Mikaelyan eds.), Environment, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 149-162, NATO ASI Series 2. Nikolsky, G. V., (1965). The theory of the dynamics of fish stock, will publish "Nauka", Moscow.
  • Tokarev, Y., Shulman, G., (2007). Biodiversity in
  • Enclosed Seas and Artificial Marine Habitats Developments in Hydrobiology. Biodiversity in the Black Sea: effects of climate and anthropogenic factors 193: 23-33. Ulman, A., Bekişoğlu, Ş., Zengin, M., Knudsen, S., Ünal, V., Mathews, C., Harper, S., Zeller, D., Pauly, D., (2013). From bonito to anchovy: a reconstruction of Turkey’s marine fisheries catches (1950-2010).
  • Mediterranean Marine Sciences 14 (2): 309-342. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.414
  • Unluata, U., Oguz, T., Latif, M. A., Ozsoy, E., (1990). On the Physical Oceanography of the Turkish
  • Straits. In: The Physical Oceanography of Sea Straits, (L.J. Pratt ed.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, NATO/ASI Series, 318, pp 26-60, Dordrecht. Oguz, T., Akoglu, E., Salihoglu, B., (2012). Current state of overfishing and its regional differences in the Black Sea. Ocean and Coastal Management 58: 47
  • URL-1, (2017). http://www.seaaroundus.org/
  • FAO, (2016). The State of Mediterranean and Black Sea Fisheries. General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean, Rome, Italy. Ozturk, B., (2013). Nature and Extent of the Illegal,
  • Unreported and Unregualted (IUU) Fishing in The Black Sea. GFCM, The Commission on The Protection of The Black Sea Against Pollution, Background paper for the Workshop Joint GFCM- BSC Workshop on Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing in the Black Sea, pp. 25-53, İstanbul, Turkey. Lisovenko, L. A., Andrianov, D. P., (1996).
  • Reproductive biology of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus ponticus Alexandrov 1927) in the Black
  • Sea. Sci. Mar. 60 (Supl. 2): 209-218. Alexandrov, A. I., (1927). The anchovy of the Azov
  • Black Sea region, its origin and taxonomic designation. Trudy Kerch Nauch. Ryb. Stant 1: 37-93. Mayorova, A. A., (1934). A taxonomic position of the anchovy fished out off Georgia. Trudy Nauch. Ryb. Stant. Gruzii 1: 7-19.
  • Mayorova, A. A. (1951). Biology and fishery of the Black Sea anchovy. Simferopol.
  • Popova, V. P., (1954). The Black Sea period of the life of the Azov anchovy. Trudy VNIRO 28: 65-74.
  • Kornilova, V .P., (1960). Biology and fishery of the Azov anchovy. Trudy Azcher NIRO l8: 50-73.
  • Fashchuk, D. Y., Samyshev, E. Z., Sebakh, L. K., Shlyakhov, V. A., (1991). Forms of anthropogenic impact on the Black Sea ecosystem and its state under modern conditions. Journal of Ecology of the Sea 38: 28.
  • Daskalov, G., (1999). Relating fish recruitment to stock biomass and physical environment in the Black
  • Sea using generalised additive models. Fisheries Research 41: 1-23. Ivanov, L., Beverton, R. J. H., (1985). The fisheries resources of the Mediterranean. Part two: Black Sea.
  • Etud. Rev. CGPM/Stud. Rev. GFCM. Grishin, A., Daskalov, G., Shlyakhov, V., Mihneva, V., (2007). Influence of gelatinous zooplankton on fish stocks in the Black Sea: analysis of biological time-series. Marine Ecological Journal 6(2): 5-24.
  • Oguz, T., Gilbert, D., (2007). Abrupt transitions of the top-down controlled Black Sea pelagic ecosystem during 1960–2000: evidence for regime shifts under strong fishery exploitation and nutrient enrichment modulated by climate-induced variations. Deep Sea Research 54: 220-242.
  • Duzgunes, E., Erdogan, N., (2008). Fisheries
  • Management in the Black Sea Countries. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 8: 181- Knudsen, S., (2008). GFCM Black Sea programme: preliminary elements for a project framework.
  • GFCM: XXXII/2008/Dma.4 Strengthening cooperation in the Black Sea, Attachment 3.
  • Oguz, T., Fach, B., Salihoglu, B., (2008). Invasion dynamics of the alien ctenophore
  • Mnemiopsis leidyi and its impact on anchovy collapse in the Black Sea. Journal of Plankton Research 30: 1385-1397.
  • Knudsen, S., Zengin, M., Kocak, M. H., (2010).
  • Identifying drivers for fishing pressure. A multidisciplinary study of trawl and sea snail fisheries in Samsun, Black Sea coast of Turkey. Ocean and Coastal Management 53: 252-269. ICES, (2010). Report of the Workshop on Age reading of European anchovy (WKARA), ICES CM
  • /ACOM, 43, 9-13 November 2009, Sicily, Italy. Sahin, C., Hacımurtazaoğlu, N., (2013). Abundance and distribution of eggs and larvae of anchovy
  • (Engraulis encrasicolus, Linnaeus, 1758) and horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus, Steindachner, ) on the coasts of the eastern Black Sea. Turk J Zool. 37: 773-781. Gucu, A. C., Emek Inanmaz, O., Ok, M., Sakınan, S., (2016). Recent changes in the spawning grounds of
  • Black Sea anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus. Fisheries Oceanography 25 (1): 67-84. URL-2, (2017). http://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/GFCM- capture-production/query/en URL-3, (2017). http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1005 URL-4, (2017). http://www.tarim.gov.tr/sgb/Belgeler/SagMenuVeril er/BSGM.pdf
  • Maximov, V., Staicu, I., (2008). Evolutıon of demersal fish species catches from the Romanian marine area between 2000 and 2007. Cercetari Marine 38: 305-323.
  • Knudsen, S., Toje, H., (2008). Post-Soviet transformations in Russian and Ukrainian Black
  • Sea fisheries: socio-economic dynamics and property relations. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies (1): 17-32. Caddy, J.F., (2008). Recent experience and future options for fisheries assessment and management in the Black Sea: A GFCM perspective. GFCM: XXXII/2008/Dma.4
  • Strengthening cooperation in the Black Sea, Attachment 1. Daskalov, G. M., (2002). Overfishing drives a trophic cascade in the Black Sea. Marine Ecology -Progress Series 225: 53-63.
  • Shiganova, T. A., Bulgakova, Y. V., (2000). Effects of gelatinous plankton on Black Sea and Sea of Azov fish and their food resources. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 57: 648.
  • Birkun, A. Jr., (2008). The state of cetacean populations. In: State of the Environment of the Black Sea (2001-2006/7), (T. Oğuz eds.), pp. 365- , Istanbul, Turkey, The Commission on the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution (BSC).
  • Zengin, M., Dincer, A.C., (2006). Distribution and seasonal movement of Atlantic bonito (Sarda sarda) populations in the Southern Black Sea coasts. Turkish
  • Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 6: 57-62. Mee, L. D., Friedrich, J., Gomoiu, M. T., (2005).
  • Restoring the Black Sea in times of uncertainty. Oceanography 18: 32-43. Whitehead, P. J. P., (1985). FAO Species Catalogue.
  • Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeioidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 1-Chirocentridae, Clupeidae and Pristigasteridae. FAO Fish. Synop, (No. 125 (7/1): 1-303). Alexandrov, M. L., Cernisencu, I., Bloesch, J. 2008.
  • History and concepts of sustainable fishery in Tasaul Lake, Romania. GeoEcoMarina Proceedings of the Swiss-Romanian Environmental Science and Technology, pp. 61-71. Programme on FAO, (2011). Review of the state of world marine fishery resources. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture
  • Technical Paper No. 569, p. 334, Rome, Italy. Ludwig, W., Dumont, E., Meybeck, M., Heussner, S., (2009). River discharges of water and nutrients to the Mediterranean Sea: Major drivers for ecosystem changes during past and future decades. Prog. Oceanogr. 80: 199-217.
  • Shlyakhov, V. A., Chashchin, A. K., Korkosh, N. I., (1990). Intensity of fisheries and Dynamics of Black
  • Sea Anchovy Stock. Biological resources of the Black Sea. VNIRO 93-102. Prodanov, K., Mikhailov, K., Daskalov, G.M., Maxim, K., Chashchin, A., Arkhipov, A., Shlyakhov, V., Ozdamar, E., (1997). Environmental management of fish resources in the Black Sea and their rational exploitation. Studies and Reviews, GFCM 68, FAO, Rome.
  • Zaitsev, Y., (1993). Impact of eutrophication on the Black Sea fauna. Studies and Reviews GFCM-FAO., : 63–86.
  • Vinogradov, M. E., Shushkina, E. A., Lukasheva, T. A., (2005). Population dynamics of the ctenophores
  • Mnemiopsis leidyi and Boroe ovata as a predator– prey system in the near-shore communities of the Black Sea. Oceanology 45: 161-167. Vinogradov, M. E., Shushkina, E. A., Musaeva, E. I., Sorokin, P. Y., (1989). A newly acclimated species in the Black Sea: the ctenophpre Mnemiopsis leidyi
  • (Ctenophore: Lobata). Oceanology 29: 220-224. STECF, (2013). Scientific, Technical and Economic
  • Committee for Fisheries (STECF) – 2013 Assessment of Black Sea stocks (STECF 13–20), Luxembourg:
  • Publications Office of the European Union. BSC, (2008). State of the Environment of the Black
  • Sea (2001-2006/7), The Commission on the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution Publication.
  • Gucu, A. C., (2016). Türk Hamsisi. Sür-Koop Haber
There are 61 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA24MU43DZ
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

İsmet Balık This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2017
Submission Date December 1, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Balık, İ. (2017). The State of Black Sea Fisheries: Evaluation of the Anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus Fisheries. Turkish Journal of Maritime and Marine Sciences, 3(2), 81-95.

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