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MERSİN BOĞSAK ADASI (KUZEYDOĞU AKDENİZ) ÇEVRESİNDE YER ALAN KAYALIK HABITATTA BALIK ÇEŞİTLİLİĞİNİN GÖRSEL SAYIM YÖNTEMİYLE BELİRLENMESİ

Year 2024, In Press Articles, 1 - 12
https://doi.org/10.52998/trjmms.1443603

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Mersin Körfezi'ndeki Boğsak Adası'nın kayalık habitatında, 2022-2023 yıllarının sonbahar, ilkbahar ve yaz aylarını temsil eden Kasım, Mart ve Temmuz aylarında, 0-18 m derinlik arasında yaklaşık 40 saat süreyle tüplü dalış yapılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada Go-Pro Hero 12 marka kamera kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada, Mersin Körfezi'ndeki Boğsak Adası'nın kayalık dip habitatının balık topluluğunun yapısı belirlenmiş, yerli ve yerli olmayan balık türlerinin mevsimsel bulunabilirliği, bolluğu, beslenme durumu ve dağılımı tespit edilmiştir.
Örnekleme, sualtında görsel sayım yöntemi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiş ve araştırmalar doğrusal bir hat boyunca yapılmıştır. Tür çeşitliliğini belirlemek için Shannon-Weiner Çeşitlilik İndeksi (H'), Homojenlik ve Göreceli Çeşitlilik İndeksi Evennes (J) ve Tür Zenginliği İndeksi Margalef Rhichnes (D) kullanılmıştır. Veriler arasındaki ilişkinin uzaklığı çok boyutlu ölçekleme analizlerinden biri olan N-MDS ile belirlenmiştir. Ölçeklendirmede koordinatların uzaklıklarını belirlemek için Öklid formülü kullanılmıştır. Türleri birey sayısına göre sınıflandırmak için temel bileşen analizi kullanılmıştır.
Çalışma alanında 15 familyaya ait 28 kemikli balık türü ve 1 kıkırdaklı Gymnura altavela (Linnaeus, 1758) olmak üzere toplam 29 balık türü tespit edilmiştir. Tür çeşitliliği açısından en zengin familya Sparidae (6) olup, bunu Mullidae (3), Serranidae (3), Tetraodontidae (2), Soleidae (2), Labridae (2) ve 1'er türle diğer familyalar takip etmektedir. Çalışma alanında yıl boyunca tespit edilen balık türlerinin %52'sinin Atlantik, %37'sinin Hint-Pasifik ve %11'inin kozmopolit olduğu belirlenmiştir. Balık türlerinin %41'inin invertivor, %22'sinin karnivor (balık ve omurgasızlarla beslenen), %18'inin omnivor, %11'inin planktivor, %4'ünün herbivor ve %4'ünün piscivor olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yaz aylarında Torquigener flavimaculosus, ilkbaharda Cheilodipterus novemstriatus ve sonbaharda Chromis chromis en bol bulunan türlerdir.
Shannon çeşitlilik indeksine (H') göre, en yüksek tür çeşitliliği sonbaharda (H'=2,956) bulunurken, bunu ilkbahar (H'=2,501) ve yaz (H'=2,458) takip etmiştir. Homojenlik ve göreceli çeşitlilik indeksi Evennes (J) ilkbaharda J=0.642, yazın J=0.531 ve sonbaharda J=0.800 olarak belirlenmiştir. Tür zenginliği indeksi Margalef Rhichnes (D) en yüksek sonbaharda (d=4.804), daha sonra yazın (d=3.917) ve en düşük ilkbaharda (d=3.632) bulunmuştur. Bu çalışma, biyoçeşitlilik açısından dinamik bir yapı gösteren kuzeydoğu Akdeniz'deki kayalık habitat balık topluluklarının yapısını inceleyen ilk çalışmadır ve bu alanda çalışan araştırmacılara katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir.

References

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  • Hindell, J.S., Jenkins, G.P., Keough, M.J. (2000). Evaluating the impact of predation by fish on the assemblage structure of fishes associated with seagrass (Heterozostera tasmanica) (Martens ex Ascherson) den Hartog, and unvegetated sand habitats. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 255: 153e174.
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  • Hughes, T.P., Baird, A.H., Bellwood, D.R., Card, M., Connolly, S.R., Folke, C., Grosberg, R., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Jackson, J.B.C., Kleypas, J., Lough, J.M., Marshall, P., Nystrom, M., Palumbi, S.R., Pandolfi, J.M., Rosen, B., Roughgarden, J. (2003). Climate change, human impacts, and the resilience of coral reefs. Science, 301: 929e933.
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  • Kallianiotis, A., Sophronidis, K., Vidoris, P., Tselepides, A. (2000). Demersal fish and megafaunal assemblages on the Cretan continental shelf and slope (NE Mediterranean): seasonal variation in species density, biomass and diversity. Progress in Oceanography 46(2): 429-455.
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DETERMINATION OF FISH DIVERSITY IN THE ROCKY HABITAT AROUND MERSIN BOĞSAK ISLAND (NORTHEAST MEDITERRANEAN) BY VISUAL CENSUS METHOD

Year 2024, In Press Articles, 1 - 12
https://doi.org/10.52998/trjmms.1443603

Abstract

This study was conducted in the rocky habitat of Boğsak Island in Mersin Bay in November, March and July, representing the fall, spring and summer months of 2022-2023, by scuba diving between 0-18 m depth for approximately 40 hours. The Go-Pro Hero 12 black camera was used in the study. In the study, the structure of the fish community of the rocky bottom habitat of Boğsak Island in Mersin Bay was determined, and the seasonal availability, abundance, feeding status, and distribution of local and non-native fish species were determined.
Sampling was carried out using the underwater visual counting method, and surveys were made along a linear line. Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index (H'), Homogeneity and Relative Diversity Index Evennes (J) and Species Richness Index Margalef Rhichnes (D) were used to determine the species diversity. The distance of the relationship between the data was determined with N-MDS, one of the multidimensional scaling analyses. The Euclidean formula was used to determine the distances of coordinates in the scaling. Principal component analysis was used to classify species based on the number of individuals.
A total of 29 fish species, including 28 bony fish species belonging to 15 families and 1 cartilaginous Gymnura altavela (Linnaeus, 1758), were identified in the study area. The richest family in terms of species diversity was Sparidae (6), followed by Mullidae (3), Serranidae (3), Tetraodontidae (2), Soleidae (2), Labridae (2) and other families with 1 species each. Of the fish species identified throughout the year in the study area, 52% were Atlantic, 37% were Indo-Pacific and 11% were cosmopolitan. It was found that 41% of the fish species were invertivores, 22% carnivores (feeding on fish and invertebrates), 18% omnivores, 11% planktivores, 4% herbivores and 4% piscivores. Torquigener flavimaculosus in summer, Cheilodipterus novemstriatus in spring, and Chromis chromis in fall were the most abundant species.
According to the Shannon diversity index (H'), the highest species diversity was found in the fall (H'=2,956), followed by spring (H'=2,501) and summer (H'=2,458). Homogeneity and relative diversity index Evennes (J) was determined as J=0.642 in spring, J=0.531 in summer and J=0.800 in fall. The species richness index Margalef Rhichnes (D) was highest in autumn (d=4.804), then in summer (d=3.917) and lowest in spring (d=3.632).
This is the first study to investigate the structure of rocky habitat fish communities in the northeastern Mediterranean, which shows a dynamic structure in terms of biodiversity, and is expected to contribute to researchers working in this field.

References

  • Akşiray, F. (1987). Türkiye Deniz Balıkları ve Tayin Anahtarı. (II. Baskı), İstanbul Üniversitesi Rektörlüğü Yayınları, İstanbul, 811 pp. (in Turkish).
  • Bariche, M. Torres, M. Azurro, E. (2013). The presence of the invasive lionfish Pterois miles in the Mediterranean Sea. Medit. Mar. Sci. 14(2): 292-294.
  • Becking, L.E., van Bussel, T.C., Debrot, A.O., Christianen, M.J. (2014). First Record of a Caribbean Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) Grazing on Invasive Seagrass (Halophila stipulacea). Caribbean Journal of Science, 48(2-3): 162-163.
  • Bilecenoğlu, M., Kaya, M. Cihangir, B., Çiçek, E. (2014). An updated checklist of the marine fishes of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 38: 901-929.
  • Bilecenoğlu, M., Baki Yokeş, M., Draman, M. (2019). The invasive sea urchin Diadema setosum provides shelter for coastal fish–first observations from the Mediterranean Sea. Zoology in the Middle East, 65(2): 183-185.
  • Bonaviri, C., Fernández, T.V., Badalamenti, F., Gianguzza, P., Di Lorenzo, M., Riggio, S. (2009). Fish versus starfish predation in controlling sea urchin populations in Mediterranean rocky shores. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 382: 129-138.
  • Cocheret de la Morinière, E., Pollux, B., Nagelkerken, I., van der Velde, G. (2002). Postsettlement Life Cycle migration patterns and habitat preference of coral reef fish that use seagrass and mangrove habitats as nurseries. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 55: 309e321.
  • Colloca, F., Cardinale, M., Belluscio, A., Ardizzone, G.D. (2003). Structure and diversity of demersal assemblages in the Central Mediterranean Sea. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 56: 469-480.
  • Dağhan, H., Demirhan, S.A., (2020). Some bio-ecological characteristics of lionfish Pterois miles (Bennett, 1828) in Iskenderun Bay. Marine and Life Sciences, 2(1): 28-40.
  • David, V., Mouget, A., Thiriet, P., Minart, C., Perrot, Y., Le Goff, L., Bianchimani, O., Basthard-Bogain, S., Estaque, T., Richaume, J., Sys, J-F., Cheminée, A., Feunteun, E., Acou, A., Brehmer, P. (2024). Species identification of fish shoals using coupled split-beam and multibeam echosounders and two scuba-diving observational methods. Journal of Marine Systems, 241: 103905.
  • De Raedemaecker, F., Miliou, A., Perkins, R. (2010). Fish community structure on littoral rocky shores in the Eastern Aegean Sea: Effects of exposure and substratum. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 90(1): 35-44.
  • Eschmeyer, W.N. (2003). Introduction to the series Annotated Checklists of Fishes. Calif. Acad. Sci. Annotated Check lists of Fishes No:1, 1-5 pp.
  • Fishelson, L., Bresler, V., Abelson, A., Stone, L., Gefen, E., Rosenfeld, M., Mokady, O. (2002). The two sides of man-induced changes in littoral marine communities: Eastern Mediterranean and the Red Sea as an example. The Science of the Total Environment, 296: 139e151.
  • Fricke, R., Bilecenoglu, M., Sarı, M. (2007). Annotated checklist of fish and lamprey species (Gnathostomata and Petromyzontomorphi) of Turkey, including a Red List of threatened and declining species. Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Ser. A (Biol.), 706, 1-169.
  • Froese, R., D. Pauly. Editors. (2024). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org, version (02/2024).
  • García-Rubies, A., Macpherson, E. (1995). Substrate use and temporal pattern of recruitment in juvenile fishes of the Mediterranean littoral. Marine Biology, 124: 35e42.
  • Giakoumi, S., Kokkoris, G.D. (2013). Effects of habitat and substrate complexity on shallow sublittoral fish assemblages in the Cyclades Archipelago, North-eastern Mediterranean Sea. Mediterranean Marine Science, 14(1): 58-68.
  • Golani, D. (1999). The Gulf of Suez Ichthyofauna-Assemblage Pool for Lessepsian Migration into the Mediterranean. Israel Journal of Zoology, 45: 79-90.
  • Golani, D., Reef-Motro, R., Ekshtein, S., Baranes, A., Diamant, A. (2007). Ichthyofauna of the rocky coastal littoral of the Israeli Mediterranean, with reference to the paucity of Red Sea (Lessepsian) migrants in this habitat. Marine Biology Research, 3(5), 333-341.
  • Guidetti, P., Boero, F. (2004). Desertification of Mediterranean rocky reefs caused by date-mussel, Lithophaga lithophaga (Mollusca: Bivalvia), fishery: effects on adult and juvenile abundance of a temperate fish. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 48: 978e982.
  • Guidetti, P., Fanelli, G., Fraschetti, S., Terlizzi, A., Boero, F. (2002). Coastal fish indicate human-induced changes in the Mediterranean littoral. Marine Environmental Research, 53: 77e94.
  • Guidetti, P., Baiata, P., Ballesteros, E., Di Franco, A., Hereu, B., Macpherson, E., Micheli, F., Pais, A., Panzalis, P., Rosenberg, A.A., Zabala, M., Sala, E. (2014). Large-scale assessment of Mediterranean marine protected areas effects on fish assemblages. PLoS One, 9(4): e91841.
  • Gust, N., Choat, J.H., McCormick, M.I. (2001). Spatial variability in reef fish distribution, abundance size and biomass: a multi-scale analysis. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 214: 237–251.
  • Harmelin-Vivien, M.L., Bitar, G., Harmelin, J.G., Monestiez, P. (2005). The littoral fish community of the Lebanese rocky coast (eastern Mediterranean Sea) with emphasis on Red Sea immigrants. Biological Invasions, 7: 625-637.
  • Hindell, J.S., Jenkins, G.P., Keough, M.J. (2000). Evaluating the impact of predation by fish on the assemblage structure of fishes associated with seagrass (Heterozostera tasmanica) (Martens ex Ascherson) den Hartog, and unvegetated sand habitats. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 255: 153e174.
  • Horosanlı, A.Ö. (2016). Yıldız Koyu’nda (Gökçeada) Bulunan Balık Topluluklarının Dağılımlarının Sualtı Görsel Sayım Tekniği İle Belirlenmesi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Master Tezi, İstanbul, 79 pp.
  • Hughes, T.P., Baird, A.H., Bellwood, D.R., Card, M., Connolly, S.R., Folke, C., Grosberg, R., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Jackson, J.B.C., Kleypas, J., Lough, J.M., Marshall, P., Nystrom, M., Palumbi, S.R., Pandolfi, J.M., Rosen, B., Roughgarden, J. (2003). Climate change, human impacts, and the resilience of coral reefs. Science, 301: 929e933.
  • Hyndes, G.A., Kendrick, A.J., MacArthur, L.D., Stewart, E. (2003). Differences in the species- and size-composition of fish assemblages in three distinct seagrass habitats with differing plant and meadow structure. Marine Biology, 142: 1195e1206.
  • Kallianiotis, A., Sophronidis, K., Vidoris, P., Tselepides, A. (2000). Demersal fish and megafaunal assemblages on the Cretan continental shelf and slope (NE Mediterranean): seasonal variation in species density, biomass and diversity. Progress in Oceanography 46(2): 429-455.
  • Kucuksezgin, F., Kontas, A., Altay, O., Uluturhan, E., Darılmaz, E. (2006). Assessment of marine pollution in Izmir Bay: nutrient, heavy metal and total hydrocarbon concentrations. Environment International, 32: 41e51.
  • Letourneur, Y., Darnaude, A., Salen-Picard, C., Harmelin-Vivien, M. (2001). Spatial and temporal variations of fish assemblages in a shallow Mediterranean softbottom area (Gulf of Fos, France). Oceanologica Acta, 24: 273e285.
  • Lloret, J., Gil de Sola, L., Souplet, A., Galzin, R. (2002). Effects of large-scale habitat variability on condition of demersal exploited fish in the north-western Mediterranean. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 59: 1215e1227.
  • Molnar, J.L., Gamboa, R.L., Revenga, C., Spalding, M.D. (2008). Assessing the global threat of invasive species to marine biodiversity. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 6(9): 485-492. doi: 10.1890/070064.
  • Nagelkerken, I., van der Velde, G. (2004). A comparison of fish communities of subtidal seagrass beds and sandy seabeds in 13 marine embayments of a Caribbean Island, based on species, families, size distribution and functional groups. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 52: 127e147.
  • Ornellas, A.B., Coutinho, R. (1998). Spatial and temporal patterns of distribution and abundance of a tropical fish assemblage in a seasonal Sargassum bed, Cabo Frio Island, Brazil. Journal of Fish Biology, 53: 198e208. Öztürk, B., İşinibilir, M. (2010). An alien jellyfish Rhopilema nomadica and its impacts to the Eastern Mediterranean part of Turkey. Journal of Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment 16(2): 149–156.
  • Pais, A., Azzurro, E., Guidetti, P. (2007). Spatial variability of fish fauna in sheltered and exposed shallow rocky reefs from a recently established Mediterranean Marine Protected Area. Italian Journal of Zoology, 74(3): 277-287.
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There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Fish Biology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Mert Ateş 0009-0004-6254-9178

Nuray Çiftçi 0000-0002-2925-0332

Deniz Ergüden 0000-0002-2597-2151

Deniz Ayas 0000-0001-6762-6284

Early Pub Date June 9, 2024
Publication Date
Submission Date February 27, 2024
Acceptance Date May 5, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 In Press Articles

Cite

APA Ateş, M., Çiftçi, N., Ergüden, D., Ayas, D. (2024). DETERMINATION OF FISH DIVERSITY IN THE ROCKY HABITAT AROUND MERSIN BOĞSAK ISLAND (NORTHEAST MEDITERRANEAN) BY VISUAL CENSUS METHOD. Turkish Journal of Maritime and Marine Sciences1-12. https://doi.org/10.52998/trjmms.1443603

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