Dijital Ticaretin Kolaylaştırılmasında Stratejik Değerlendirme: Kâğıtsız Sınır Ötesi Ticaret Sistemleri için SWOT-AHP Entegre Yaklaşımı

Year 2025, In Press Articles, 1 - 17

Gizem Kayisoglu

https://doi.org/10.52998/trjmms.1759836

Abstract

Kağıtsız sınır ötesi ticaret sistemleri, geleneksel kâğıt belgelerin dijital süreçlerle değiştirilmesi yoluyla uluslararası denizcilik lojistiğini dönüştürmektedir. Bu çalışma, söz konusu sistemlerin entegre bir SWOT (Güçlü Yönler, Zayıf Yönler, Fırsatlar, Tehditler) analizi ile Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci (AHP) yöntemini birleştirerek stratejik bir değerlendirmesini sunmaktadır. Ticaretin hızla dijitalleşmesi – elektronik belgeler, elektronik imzalar, elektronik gümrük portalları ve tek pencere platformları dahil olmak üzere – küresel ticarette verimlilik artışı, maliyetlerin azaltılması ve şeffaflık vaat etmektedir. Ancak, uygulama süreci; hukuki uyumsuzluklar, teknik altyapı eksiklikleri ve güvenlik endişeleri nedeniyle engellenmektedir. Bu araştırmada, kağıtsız ticaret sistemlerinin içsel güçlü ve zayıf yönlerini, dışsal fırsat ve tehditlerini belirlemek amacıyla SWOT analizi kullanılmış; AHP yöntemi ise uzman görüşlerine dayanarak bu faktörlerin sistematik olarak önceliklendirilmesinde uygulanmıştır. Sonuçlar, kamu-özel sektör entegrasyonu ve operasyonel verimliliğin artırılmasının en kritik güçlü yönler olduğunu, hukuki ve idari uyum eksikliklerinin ise en önemli zayıf yönü oluşturduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Yeşil lojistik ve sürdürülebilirlik trendleri önemli fırsatlar olarak öne çıkarken, siber güvenlik riskleri en önemli tehdit olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu bulgular ışığında, tek pencere sistemlerinin benimsenmesinin hızlandırılması, dijital ticaret düzenlemelerinin uyumlaştırılması, veri odaklı yeniliklerin teşvik edilmesi ve siber güvenliğin güçlendirilmesi gibi stratejik öneriler sunulmuştur. Bu çalışma, SWOT-AHP entegre yaklaşımının, kağıtsız ticaret sistemlerinin objektif ve çok boyutlu bir stratejik değerlendirmesini sağladığını ve politika yapıcıların dijital ticaret kolaylaştırma ile uluslararası tedarik zinciri dayanıklılığını güçlendiren girişimleri önceliklendirmelerine rehberlik ettiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

Kağıtsız sınır ötesi ticaret sistemleri , Dijital dönüşüm , Denizel alanda siber güvenlik , SWOT-AHP

Strategic Evaluation in Digital Trade Facilitation: A SWOT-AHP Integrated Approach for Paperless Cross-Border Trade Systems

Abstract

Paperless cross-border trade systems are transforming international maritime logistics by replacing traditional paper documents with digital processes. This study provides a strategic evaluation of such systems through an integrated SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis combined with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The rapid digitalization of trade – including electronic documents, electronic signatures, electronic customs portals, and single window platforms – promises enhanced efficiency, cost reduction, and transparency in global trade. However, implementation is impeded by legal misalignments, technical infrastructure gaps, and security concerns. In this research, SWOT analysis is used to identify internal strengths and weaknesses and external opportunities and threats of paperless trade systems, and AHP is applied to systematically prioritize these factors based on expert input. The results reveal that public–private sector integration and operational efficiency enhancement are the most critical strengths, while legal and administrative harmonization deficiencies pose the top weakness. Green logistics and sustainability trends emerge as significant opportunities, whereas cybersecurity risks represent the foremost threat. Building on these findings, strategic recommendations are offered – including accelerating single window adoption, harmonizing digital trade regulations, fostering data-driven innovations, and strengthening cybersecurity – to facilitate the successful implementation of paperless trade in maritime logistics. This study demonstrates that the SWOT-AHP integrated approach produces an objective, multi-faceted strategic assessment of paperless trade systems, guiding policymakers in prioritizing initiatives that bolster digital trade facilitation and international supply chain resilience.

Keywords

Paperless cross-border trade , Digital transformation , Maritime cybersecurity , SWOT-AHP

Ethical Statement

It is declared that scientific and ethical principles have been followed while carrying out and writing this study and that all the sources used have been properly cited.

Supporting Institution

No funding was received from institutions or agencies for the execution of this research.

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